3 research outputs found
Inactivation of Ice Nucleating Activity of Silver Iodide by Antifreeze Proteins and Synthetic Polymers
Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) and polyÂ(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)
are known
as anti-ice nucleating agents (anti-INAs), which inhibit ice nucleation
initiated by ice nucleating agents (INAs). Although the effectiveness
of anti-INAs depends on the type of INA, most previous studies on
anti-INAs used only a few types of biological INAs as targets to inactivate.
In this study, the effects of fish AFPs (AFP I and AFP III) and PVA
on the ice nucleating activity of silver iodide (AgI) were measured
by using emulsified solutions. Results showed that AgI was inactivated
not only by AFPs and PVA but also by two other polymers previously
not considered as anti-INAs, namely, polyÂ(vinylpyrrolidone) and polyÂ(ethylene
glycol). Even in the presence of AgI, a non-negligible fraction, typically
more than 10%, of emulsified droplets of these anti-INA solutions
at 1.0 mg mL<sup>–1</sup> was supercooled to about −37
°C, which corresponds to ice nucleation temperature measured
in the absence of AgI
Direct Visualization of Spatiotemporal Structure of Self-Assembled Colloidal Particles in Electrohydrodynamic Flow of a Nematic Liquid Crystal
Characterization of spatiotemporal
dynamics is of vital importance
to soft matter systems far from equilibrium. Using a confocal laser
scanning microscopy, we directly reveal three-dimensional motion of
surface-modified particles in the electrohydrodynamic convection of
a nematic liquid crystal. Particularly, visualizing a caterpillar-like
motion of a self-assembled colloidal chain demonstrates the mechanism
of the persistent transport enabled by the elastic, electric, and
hydrodynamic contributions. We also precisely show how the particles’
trajectory is spatially modified by simply changing the surface boundary
condition
Direct Visualization of Spatiotemporal Structure of Self-Assembled Colloidal Particles in Electrohydrodynamic Flow of a Nematic Liquid Crystal
Characterization of spatiotemporal
dynamics is of vital importance
to soft matter systems far from equilibrium. Using a confocal laser
scanning microscopy, we directly reveal three-dimensional motion of
surface-modified particles in the electrohydrodynamic convection of
a nematic liquid crystal. Particularly, visualizing a caterpillar-like
motion of a self-assembled colloidal chain demonstrates the mechanism
of the persistent transport enabled by the elastic, electric, and
hydrodynamic contributions. We also precisely show how the particles’
trajectory is spatially modified by simply changing the surface boundary
condition