Roles of Ethical codes in nurse anesthetist development

Introduction: The purpose of compliant of ethical codes is planning an expectable standard of ethical for the activities of the nurses. Ethical’s decision making is an essential factor in the nurse job, and for solving the ethical’s challenges use of the kind of its ethical structure. By attention to this that the nurse anesthetist is science of skills in indentifying the effective treatments for care of patients , incumbents in this field could develop their professional knowledge by awareness of ethical science and ethical codes, and prepare suitable physical social and spiritual place for patients. Objective: The aim of this study is survey of the ethical in nursing by emphasize on related ethical code by nurse anesthetist. Material& methods: In this review article, used of data base Sid,Sciencedirect, Pubmed, Proquest, Blackwel Discussion & Conclusion: Ethical codes in nurse anesthetist is one of the topics that can has worthy help against the ethical challenges for solving problems and correct decision making, and result in management, and it help in development and increasing the nurse’s perofessenals and cares. Keywords: Ethical codes, Nurse Anesthesia, nursing ethics, ethical challenge

Professional socialization in clinical nurses- A phenomenological study

زمینه و هدف: اجتماعی شدن، فرآیند پذیرش نقش های حرفه ای و یک راه واقعی برای توسعه هویت حرفه ای به شمار می رود؛ لذا این مطالعه با هدف تبیین این مفهوم در پرستاران در بالین صورت گرفته است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه توصیفی از نوع کیفی و با رویکرد پدیدارشناسی انجام شده است. 10 نفر پرستار بالینی از بیمارستان های آموزشی در شهرهای شهرکرد و تهران در مطالعه مشارکت داشتند. داده ها از مصاحبه های نیمه ساختار یافته و با تحلیل به کمک روشVan Manen استخراج گردید. یافته ها: شش درون مایه از تحلیل مصاحبه های پرستاران بالینی استخراج گردیدکه با کمک آن ها مفهوم اجتماعی شدن حرفه ای با درون مایه های شناوری شایستگی، استقلال عملی، پویایی بالینی، موردحمایت جامعه قرار گرفتن، دلبستگی حرفه ای و مشارکت منفعل گروهی تبیین گردید. نتیجه گیری: نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که توصیف های تجارب پرستاران، راهنمای عملی برای مدیران آموزشی جهت بازبینی برنامه های درسی پرستاری وهمچنین مدیران پرستاری در برنامه های اجتماعی شدن مجدد بعد از انتقال نقش را فراهم نماید. این مطالعه، ضمن تبیین تجارب در خصوص مفهوم اجتماعی شدن در حرفه پرستاری، نقطه آغازی برای پژوهش بیشتر مفهوم و گسترش بدنه دانش حرفه ای پرستاری خواهد بود

The explanation of effective factors on the healthy lifestyle of the nursing students' view: A qualitative study

Nurses have a key role in improving the client's health and their lifestyle is effective in representing services to the patients and client. This study aims to investigate the nursing students' perception about the effective factors on their healthy lifestyle. This study was done qualitatively with the content analysis approach and through 20 semi-structured and deep interviews with undergraduate nursing students of Tehran city. The participants were selected through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and reviewed. Also, codes were extracted. Based on centrality, codes were put in a sub-category and then by reviewing sub-categories again, they were put in categories and finally, a theme was determined. During the process of content analysis, theme on the effective factors on nursing students' healthy life style was revealed. The theme included 9 categories: ``the perception of effective factors on health promotion'', ``having enough time'', ``inner factors'', ``work-related factors or activity'', ``environmental factors'', ``knowledge and awareness'', ``individual factors'', ``social factors'', and ``perceived priorities''. The participants believed that various and widespread factors affected their health promotion level. The extension of these factors demands the complete attention to different health dimensions and how to improve it by person, family, and community. Hosseini M, Ashktorab T, Taghdisi MH, Esmaeili Vardanjani SA. The explanation of effective factors on the healthy lifestyle of the nursing students' view: A qualitative study. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):5558-5567] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 82

Development of Postgraduate Psychiatric Nursing Students’ Clinical Competency Questionnaire

Introduction: As to the significance of clinical competency, the competency concept should be up-to-date periodically until clinical competency is evaluated based on it. This study aimed to develop and evaluate psychometric properties of a new tool to measure the postgraduate psychiatric nursing students’ competencies.Methods: The current study was conducted with a sequential exploratory mixed-method, in Iran, in 2019 -2022. The qualitative part was conventional content analysis, and the quantitative part was a methodology study. The questionnaire was developed by the item generation via individual semi-structured interviews with 21 participants sampled purposefully, and a literature systematic review. In the quantitative phase, psychometric analysis was performed based onconsensus-based standards for the selection of health status measurement instruments (COSMIN) criteria, and using face, content, and construct (i.e., convergent, known group, and exploratory factor analysis done on 199 postgraduate psychiatric nursing students by available sampling) validity. t-test analysis was used to compare the clinical competenceratings of two groups of experienced and inexperienced postgraduate psychiatric nursing students. Additionally, dependability was examined for internal consistency, stability over a one-month period, and measurement error. The sampling technique used for content validity was deliberate. Then, the responsiveness (through minimally detectablechanges), and interpretability (through minimal important changes) were calculated.Results: The questionnaire consisted of 43 items. Construct validity assessment via exploratory factor analysis (EFA) showed that 67.53% of the cumulative variance was explained by two factors: “Education and nursing care” (23 items) and “Evidence based psychiatric nursing interventions” (20 items). The convergent validity with one golden standard instrument was 0.49. The difference of the clinical competency scores of the two groups of experienced and novice was significant (P0.05).Conclusion: The 43-item postgraduate psychiatric nursing students’ clinical competency questionnaire is a valid and reliable newly developed instrument. Further studies are recommended to be conducted to assess competency with the largest sample size to promote instrument

Multi-rater Evaluation in the Clinical Evaluation of Nursing Students:Instructors` Experiences and Viewpoints

Introduction: In clinical nursing education, evaluation is mostly the instructors` responsibility. This process causes challenges for both instructors and students. It seems that, a way to confront these challenges is to use multi-rater evaluation. The aim of this study is to investigate the experiences and viewpoints of nursing instructors of multi-rater evaluation in the clinical evaluation of nursing students. Method: This is a qualitative, descriptive study. Study samples were 14 nursing faculty members from nursing schools of Medical Sciences Universities in Tehran. They were selected by purposive sampling to the point of data saturation. Data was gathered through semistructured interviews. Data was analyzed by latent qualitative content analysis. First, each interview was read several times and the meaning units were found. Then, coding was done. Codes were categorized based on their similarities and themes, and created the categories. Results: Data analysis showed 3 themes including instructors centralization, challenges, and ability. Conclusion: The results of the current study showed most participants believed that the instructors have the most important role in student evaluation. Among other people, clinical nurses and students were also mentioned the participants argued about some challenges these groups face and discussed their ability to participate in the evaluation. It is obvious that multirater evaluation, in the clinical evaluation of nursing students, has positive aspects, but implementing this method needs planning and preparation. Keywords: Clinical evaluation, Nursing students, Multi-rater evaluation, 360-degree evaluatio

Comparative Study of the Performance Appraisal Systems for Academic Members’ Performance Appraisal Systems in the Various Universities in around the World According to the Diagnostic Model: A Qualitative Research

Background & Objective: Reviewing the kinds of performance evaluation systems for academic members applying by different universities is one of the most important approaches to develop one. Therefore, as part of a broader research aimed to provide a performance evaluation model, we attempted to compare the performance evaluation systems of some universities around the world. Methods: This study was performed through a qualitative content analysis method with the theoretical approach based on the Performance Appraisal Diagnostic Model (Wolf, 2003). The study population included all universities of the five continents. The universities that had their performance evaluation systems in English in their websites were chosen as sample group. A search was also conducted with the determined keywords through the search engines. The faculty performance evaluation systems of 19 universities were chosen from the continents: America (10), Europe (3), Oceania (2), Africa (3) and Asia (one in Turkey). Results: The philosophies of all the reviewed performance evaluation systems were performance recognition, continuous development, identifying performance barriers and individual development needs. These systems were related to the systems of payment, compensation, recruiting, and performance development. The effectiveness of a faculty member was characterized by his/her performance indicators in line with the mission of organization in education, scholarship, and clerical area. There was a combination of the trait-, behavior- and result-based systems with different weights according to organizational and professional positions. The quantitative and qualitative data were gathered by different measures from multiple sources. Conclusion: Considering the findings, the reviewed performance evaluation systems for academic members have important issues according to the Wolf’s diagnostic model. Keywords Performance Appraisal Faculty member Qualitative stud

The effect of illness perception on physical health-related quality of life promotion in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients attending peer support groups

Illness perception influences patients’ decision to adopt effective behavior and achieve positive results such as adapting with the disease and improving functionality, and the interventions that increase illness perception can promote health. This study aimed to investigate the effect of illness perception on the physical health-related quality of life of MS patients attending peer support groups. This study with a quasi-experimental before-and-after design included 33 MS patients in three groups: male-only(n=10), female-only(n=11) and one with both males and females (mixed, n=12) that selected by convenience sampling Participants were required to attend 8 weekly sessions comprising 2 hours each. Instruments used to assess physical health related quality of life and illness perception were the physical health section of "Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life Inventory (MSQLI)" and "Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire(IPQ-R)" respectively, which were completed by participants before and after attending the group sessions. The results showed that although illness perception of MS patients attending peer support groups did not show a significant increase, physical health significantly improved(p=0.001). Attending peer support group increased illness perception in the mixed group(p=0.01) and elevated physical health in men only and mixed group (p=0.03 for the mixed group and p=0.04 for men only group). Regression analysis showed a significant relationship between MS and physical health with efficacy of 0.54(p<0.001). The results showed that increased illness perception in MS patients improves their physical health. Therefore, we can improve MS patients’ physical health-related quality of life through peer support groups and hence promote patients’ quality of life.

Orlando’s nursing process application on anxiety levels of patients undergoing endoscopy examination

Background and aims: Anxiety is a common reaction when people encounter new problems where they do not know what expect. The nurses are responsible for assessing the patient and helping them with the procedure of endoscopy. This study investigates differences in anxiety level of patients who receive nursing process of Orlando's theory prior to endoscopy examination compared to a control group. Methods: A Quasi -experimental research design was used in this study. Samples were 60 adult patients who were randomly assigned to two groups (30 patients each). Patients in the study group receive nursing process of Orlando's theory by the researcher plus the routine hospital intervention, while the control group only received the routine hospital intervention. The Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI scale) is administering to both groups before and after endoscopy examination. STAI, a self-reporting psychometric test, is used to assess state anxiety levels. STAI has demonstrated reliability and validity in previous studies. Results: Statistically significant difference was evident between the 2 groups regarding the mean of anxiety level of patients after the intervention. Before the intervention, the mean of anxiety level in the control and study groups were 47±9 and 58 ±11 and after the intervention were: 41±7, 35±7, respectively. Conclusion: Intervention groups have the lower mean of anxiety level after the intervention. Female patients in this study experienced low level anxiety compared to male patients after Orlando nursing process. The data suggest that endoscopy unit personnel and the referring physician should consider the patient’s perception of the procedure. Detailed information on the procedure and training in relaxation techniques should be given. Positive re-appraisal and information on sensations to be anticipated, rather than procedural details, will be more successful in alleviating stress and anxiety

Effect of Post-Hospital Discharge Follow-up on Health Status in Patients with Burn Injuries: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: Patients with burn injuries still face various burn-related challenges after being discharged from the hospital. Hence, a follow-up program for such patients is essential. The present study aimed to evaluate the health status of burn victims after 1.5 months follow-up. Methods: The present randomized clinical trial was of a pretest-posttest design, carried out in Kermanshah (Iran) from July 2016 to September 2017. A total of 117 participants were recruited out of which 86 were included in the analysis. The participants were randomly assigned into two groups, namely the intervention group (N=42) and the control group (N=44). All participants were evaluated both at the time of hospital discharge and at 1.5 months post-discharge. The follow-up plan for the intervention group included home visits, telenursing, and referral to specialists or health education centers. To evaluate the physical and psychological status of the participants, five different instruments were used; namely the Burn Specific Health Scale-Brief (BSHS-B), the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28), the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS), and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). All statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS software (version 17.0). Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test, independent t-test, and paired t-test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean score of the BSHS-B questionnaire at both the time of discharge and 1.5 months post-discharge follow-up for the control and intervention groups was 61.22±19.07, 57.14±18.92; 83.70±24.73 and 105.16±29.17, respectively. There was a significant difference between the groups at 1.5 months post-discharge follow-up (P<0.001). At 1.5 months, the VSS score was 5.16±1.68 and 6.77±3.46 for the intervention and control groups, respectively. The GHQ-28 score was 28.69±12.39 and 40.79±16.20 for the intervention and control groups, respectively. The VAS and BPI scores of the control group were 5.56±3.11 and 21.93±29.25, respectively. For the intervention group, these scores were 4.85±3.49 and 15.61±27.47, respectively. There was a significant difference between the groups as to the GHQ and VSS scores (P<0.05). However, no significant difference was noted in the BPI and VAS scores (P<0.05). Conclusion: Health status, psychological status, and scar management were improved due to post-discharge follow-up. However, burn patients required continued care for pain, psychological health, and itching problems. Trial Registration Number: IRCT2016110630712

Lived Experiences of Cardiac Pacemaker Patients

Introduction: Permanent cardiac pacemaker implantation, and introducing a foreign body into the heart, a part of the human anatomy that symbolically represents emotions, may be considered a major life event. Therefore, it is recommended that the healthcare team gain understanding of the experience of pacemaker patients and present information based on patients’ experiences in order to actively involve the patients in the administration and management of their illness process. The aim of this qualitative study is to explore the patients' experiences of living with a permanent cardiac pacemaker. Method: In this study, descriptive phenomenological method and the Colaizzi`s proposed stages were used. Purposeful sampling of patients with single and dual chamber cardiac pacemakers was performed. Overall, 13 interview sessions were held with 10 participants. The minimum duration of an interview was 35 minutes and the maximum 54 minutes. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Results: The emerging themes according to the qualitative data are embedded in the Iranian socio-cultural context. They consist of five themes: living with pacemaker, pacemaker identity, balance in control, consequences and relief. Conclusion: The findings of this study, as a small image of the large and complex world, can be used in order to design and implement effective care for pacemaker patients. Having a clearer understanding of these patients’ experiences will help healthcare workers to design supportive and caring programs that will meet these patients’ needs more holistically. Keywords: Cardiac pacemaker, Patient experience, Phenomenology, Colaizzi metho