402,859 research outputs found
Cryptanalysis of Yang-Wang-Chang's Password Authentication Scheme with Smart Cards
In 2005, Yang, Wang, and Chang proposed an improved timestamp-based password
authentication scheme in an attempt to overcome the flaws of Yang-Shieh_s
legendary timestamp-based remote authentication scheme using smart cards. After
analyzing the improved scheme proposed by Yang-Wang-Chang, we have found that
their scheme is still insecure and vulnerable to four types of forgery attacks.
Hence, in this paper, we prove that, their claim that their scheme is
intractable is incorrect. Also, we show that even an attack based on Sun et
al._s attack could be launched against their scheme which they claimed to
resolve with their proposal.Comment: 3 Page
Buffer influence on magnetic dead layer, critical current and thermal stability in magnetic tunnel junctions with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy
We present a thorough research on Ta/Ru-based buffers and their influence on
features crucial from the point of view of applications of MTJs, such as
critical switching current and thermal stability. We investigate devices
consisting of buffer/FeCoB/MgO/FeCoB/Ta/Ru multilayers for three different
buffers: Ta 5 / Ru 10 / Ta 3, Ta 5 / Ru 10 / Ta 10 and Ta 5 / Ru 20 / Ta 5 (all
thicknesses in nm). In addition, we study systems with a single FeCoB layer
deposited above as well as below the MgO barrier. The crystallographic texture
and the roughness of the buffers are determined by means of XRD and atomic
force microscopy measurements. Furthermore, we examine the magnetic domain
pattern, the magnetic dead layer thickness and the perpendicular magnetic
anisotropy fields for each sample. Finally, we investigate the effect of the
current induced magnetization switching for nanopillar junctions with lateral
dimensions ranging from 1 {\mu}m down to 140 nm. Buffer Ta 5 / Ru 10 / Ta 3,
which has the thickest dead layer, exhibits a large increase in the thermal
stability factor while featuring a slightly lower critical current density
value when compared to the buffer with the thinnest dead layer Ta 5 / Ru 20 /
Ta 5
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“The View from Home: Dreams of Chinese Railroad Workers across the Pacific”
Excerpt from The Chinese and the Iron Road: Building the Transcontinental Railroad, edited by Gordon H. Chang and Shelley Fisher Fishkin, with Hilton Obenzinger and Roland Hs
CHANG-ES IV: Radio continuum emission of 35 edge-on galaxies observed with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array in D-configuration, Data Release 1
We present the first part of the observations made for the Continuum Halos in
Nearby Galaxies, an EVLA Survey (CHANG-ES) project. The aim of the CHANG-ES
project is to study and characterize the nature of radio halos, their
prevalence as well as their magnetic fields, and the cosmic rays illuminating
these fields. This paper reports observations with the compact D configuration
of the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) for the sample of 35 nearby
edge-on galaxies of CHANG-ES. With the new wide bandwidth capabilities of the
VLA, an unprecedented sensitivity was achieved for all polarization products.
The beam resolution is an average of 9.6" and 36" with noise levels reaching
approximately 6 and 30 microJy per beam for C- and L-bands, respectively
(robust weighting). We present intensity maps in these two frequency bands (C
and L), with different weightings, as well as spectral index maps, polarization
maps, and new measurements of star formation rates (SFRs). The data products
described herein are available to the public in the CHANG-ES data release
available at www.queensu.ca/changes. We also present evidence of a trend among
galaxies with larger halos having higher SFR surface density, and we show, for
the first time, a radio continuum image of the median galaxy, taking advantage
of the collective signal-to-noise ratio of 30 of our galaxies. This image shows
clearly that a typical spiral galaxy is surrounded by a halo of magnetic fields
and cosmic rays.Comment: 70 pages, of which 35 pages present the data of each galax
Recommended from our members
Introduction to The Chinese and the Iron Road
Excerpt from The Chinese and the Iron Road: Building the Transcontinental Railroad, edited by Gordon H. Chang and Shelley Fisher Fishkin, with Hilton Obenzinger and Roland Hs
An Algorithm for the Continuous Morlet Wavelet Transform
This article consists of a brief discussion of the energy density over time
or frequency that is obtained with the wavelet transform. Also an efficient
algorithm is suggested to calculate the continuous transform with the Morlet
wavelet. The energy values of the Wavelet transform are compared with the power
spectrum of the Fourier transform. Useful definitions for power spectra are
given. The focus of the work is on simple measures to evaluate the transform
with the Morlet wavelet in an efficient way. The use of the transform and the
defined values is shown in some examples.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, revised for MSS
Temperature-dependent evolutions of excitonic superfluid plasma frequency in a srong excitonic insulator candidate, TaNiSe
We investigate an interesting anisotropic van der Waals material,
TaNiSe, using optical spectroscopy. TaNiSe has been
known as one of the few excitonic insulators proposed over 50 years ago.
TaNiSe has quasi-one dimensional chains along the -axis. We have
obtained anisotropic optical properties of a single crystal TaNiSe
along the - and -axes. The measured - and -axis optical
conductivities exhibit large anisotropic electronic and phononic properties.
With regard to the -axis optical conductivity, a sharp peak near 3050
cm at 9 K, with a well-defined optical gap ( 1800
cm) and a strong temperature-dependence, is observed. With an increase
in temperature, this peak broadens and the optical energy gap closes around
325 K(). The spectral weight redistribution with respect to the
frequency and temperature indicates that the normalized optical energy gap
() is . The
temperature-dependent superfluid plasma frequency of the excitonic condensation
in TaNiSe has been determined from measured optical data. Our
findings may be useful for future research on excitonic insulators.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figure
Self Control and Food Consumption at Home and in the Wild - Empirical Evidence of the Age Cohorts in Taiwan
As the increasing prevalence of obesity in the world, how to prevent increasing body weight has became important policy issue. This paper addresses this issue using the behavioral economic models to empirically test food consumption behaviors and self-control problem. In contrast to replying on experimental evidence of the behavioral economic studies, age cohort data are constructed for households in Taiwan and food away from home and several categories of food consumption at home are recognized. Results show that self-control problem are evident for food away from home, and the effects are more pronounced for younger age cohorts. In contrast, staple and secondary food consumption at home are more stable across life-time periods and no self-control problem is evident.cohort analysis, food expenses, self-control, behavior economics., Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Institutional and Behavioral Economics,
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