Statistical Approach to Mineral Engineering and Optimization

Mineral depositions are basic sources for obtaining metal production. Increasing metal demand based on increasing world population and decreasing grade value of mineral deposition make the evaluation to mineral processing more important, so that all metal production stages must be economical. Because of this important requirement, many researchers and practitioners have focused to the optimization of all processes. The optimization of metal production processes provide some advantages such as reducing the influence of experimental errors, statistical analysis, determining important parameters and trivial parameters, and measuring interactions between parameters. Although there are many design methods, choosing the most appropriate method is of great importance in terms of the results to be achieved. In this chapter, presumed experimental data about hydrometallurgical copper extraction accompanied by three parameters were applied to two different design models to compare the results

Identificación poblacional de sepia (Sepia officinalis) en Mediterráneo NE inferido a partir de datos genéticos, morfométricos y químicos del sepión

The population structures of the common cuttlefish Sepia officinalis from the north-eastern Mediterranean (Antalya and Iskenderun Bays), Aegean (Izmir Bay) and Marmara Seas were analyzed with mtDNA PCR-RFLP, body morphometry and cuttlebone chemistry. Analysis of a ND 5/6 (Nikotin Amid Adenin Dehidrojenaz-5/6) gene segment of mtDNA revealed seven haplotypes from 120 individuals. No haplotype sharing was observed among sampling sites. The average nucleotide divergence between samples was 0.009390, and the highest genetic divergence (0.015279) was observed between the Iskenderun Bay and Marmara Sea samples. The lowest genetic divergence (0.003786) was between the Aegean Sea and Antalya Bay samples. Highly significant differences (PLa estructura poblacional de la sepia común del Mediterráneo noreste (bahías de Antalya y de Iskenderun), Mar Egeo (Bahía de Izmir) y Mar de Mármara ha sido analizada mediante la técnica de PCR-RFLP del ADNmitocondrial (mtDNA), la morfometría del cuerpo y química del sepión. El análisis de variabilidad de secuencia de un fragmento del gen mitocondrial ND 5/6 (Nikotin Amid Adenin Dehidrojenaz-5/6) de 120 individuos reveló siete haplotipos distintos. Ninguno de ellos compartido entre localidades. La divergencia nucleotídica media entre muestras es de 0.009390, con el máximo valor de divergencia genética (0.015279) observado entre las localidades de la bahía Iskenderun y el Mar de Mármara, y el mínimo valor de divergencia genética (0.003786) entre las localidades del mar Egeo y la bahía de Antalya. Los análisis basados en las simulaciones de Monte Carlo y AMOVA mostraron diferencias altamente significativas (P<0.001) entre todas las localidades. En el árbol filogenético de UPGMA, las localidades colindantes de Antalya y de Mar Egeo se agrupan en la misma rama. Por otro lado, las localidades más aisladas, Mar de Mármara y bahía de Iskenderun, se distribuyen en los clados más divergentes. En el análisis de la función discriminante, la clasificación de las tasas de éxito en la asignación de especímenes a las regiones fue 66% para el análisis morfométrico y un 100% para la química del sepión. En el análisis morfométrico solamente se detectaron diferencias significativas entre las muestras del Mar de Mármara y la bahía de Iskenderun, mientras que el resto de localidades se agrupan entre ellas. En el análisis de la química del sepión, el análisis univariante ha revelado diferencias altamente significativas (P<0.001) entre todas las regiones en 12 elementos Al, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Pb, Zn. En el análisis multivariante se observan diferencias altamente significativas (P<0.001) entre las cuatro localidades. Este estudio muestra la presencia de cuatro poblaciones separadas de S. officinalis a lo largo de las aguas de la costa turca

How was the anesthesia method selection of primiparous pregnants who was planned for cesarean section during the Covid 19 pandemic period?

Amaç: Sezaryen operasyonu planlanan gebeler operasyon öncesi hangi anestezi yöntemini seçecekleri konusunda çoğu kez kararsız kalabilmektedirler. Hem gebeliğin, hem de Covid 19 pandemisinin etkilediği bireyler; stres ve anksiyete yaşayabilmektedirler. Bu çalışmanın amacı, pandemi sürecinde gebelerin hangi oranda etkilendiğini ve anestezi yöntemini seçerken nelerden etkilendiklerini araştırmaktır. Materyal ve Metot: Çalışmaya Haziran 2021-Ocak 2022 tarihleri arasında, ilk defa doğum yapacak olan, elektif şartlarda sezaryen operasyonu ile doğumunu gerçekleştirecek olan 113 kadın hasta rastgele çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Katılımcılara bilgi verildikten sonra, yazılı onamları alındı. Katlımcılara anket şeklinde ve açık uçlu olmak üzere sorular yöneltildi, hasta bilgileri kayıt altına alındı.Bulgular: Çalışma grubunun yaş ortalaması 28,6 olarak bulundu. Üniversite mezunu olan gebeler %70,8 (n=80) olarak bulundu. Spinal anestezi tercih eden gebeler %75,2 (n=85) olarak bulundu. Covid 19 şüphesi ya da pozitifliği oranı %20,4 (n=23) olarak bulundu. Covid 19 pandemisi nedeniyle psikolojisinin olumsuz etkilendiğini belirten hasta %55,8 (n=63) olarak bulundu. Hastaların sosyal medya (youtube, instagram, whatsapp vs) kullanımı ile geçen günlük zamanı ortalama 5,6 saat olarak bulunmuştur. Spinal anestezi yöntemini seçenler; en çok bebeği görmek için %85,9 (n=73) ve anestezi doktorunun önerisi %36,5 (n=31) ile tercih ettiklerini belirtmişlerdir. Genel anestezi tercih edenler; en çok ameliyathane ve ortamı görmemek için %57,1 (n=16) ve sosyal çevre %39,3 (n=11) etkisiyle tercih ettiklerini belirtmişlerdir.Sonuç: Bu çalışmanın sonucunda gebelik ve pandemi sürecinin; gebelerin psikolojik streslerini arttırmış olduğu ve çoğunluğu üniversite mezunu olan, operasyon planlanan primipar gebelerin; rejyonel anestezi tercih etme eğiliminde oldukları sonucuna varılmıştır.Objective: Pregnant women who are scheduled for cesarean section are often undecided about which anesthesia method to choose before the operation. Individuals affected by both pregnancy and the Covid 19 pandemic; may experience stress and anxiety. The aim of this study is to investigate the rate at which pregnant women are affected during the pandemic and what they are affected by when choosing the anesthesia method.Materials and Methods: Between June 2021 and January 2022, 113 female patients who will give birth for the first time and who will deliver by cesarean section under elective conditions were randomly included in the study. After the participants were informed, their written consent was obtained. Questionnaires and open-ended questions were asked to the participants, patient information was recorded.Results: The mean age of the study group was 28.6. University graduates were found to be 70.8% (n=80). Pregnant women who preferred spinal anesthesia were seen as 75.2% (n=85). Covid 19 suspicion or positivity rate was found to be 20.4% (n=23). The patient, who stated that his psychology was adversely affected due to the Covid 19 pandemic, was found to be 55.8% (n=63). The average daily time spent using social media (youtube, instagram, whatsapp, etc.) of the patients was 5.6 hours.Those who choose the spinal anesthesia method; stated that they mostly preferred to see the baby with 85.9% (n=73) and 36.5% (n=31) the recommendation of the anesthesiologist. Those who prefer general anesthesia; They stated that they preferred the operating room and the environment with 57.1% (n=16) and 39.3% (n=11) social environment to avoid seeing the operating room and the environment.Conclusion: As a result of this study, pregnancy and pandemic process; primiparous pregnant women who have increased psychological stress of pregnant women and who are mostly university graduates and whose operation is planned; It was concluded that they tend to prefer regional anesthesia

Antifungal Drug Resistance in Candida Species

Candida species, members of the normal body flora, are opportunistic mycosis agents that can cause infections associated with high morbidity and mortality rates in the presence of underlying predisposing factors. In recent studies, it has been reported that the incidence of invasive Candida infections caused by Candida species, such as non-albicans Candidaparapsilosis, Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata, and Candida auris, in which antifungal drug resistance is more common, has increased, in addition to Candidaalbicans, the most frequently detected Candida species. In this context, the objective of this review article is to discuss the molecular mechanisms and biofilm-related factors responsible for the antifungal drug resistance developed in Candida species

Yapı bilgisi ve sözcük bilgisinin yabancı dilde okuduğunu anlama becerisine katkısı

The current study was designed to identify the relative significance of syntactic and lexical knowledge in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) reading comprehension of 254 adult Turkish university students. The role of two dimensions of lexical knowledge, lexical depth and breadth in L2 reading comprehension were also examined in the current study. A Syntactic Knowledge Test (SKT), Reading Comprehension Test (RCT) composed of TOEFL, Vocabulary Levels Test (VLT) and Word Associates Test (WAT) were used in the data collection process. Correlation and multiple regression analyses were utilized to analyze the data. The data analyses showed that all variables of the study positively and significantly correlated with each other. Moreover, all independent variables together significantly predicted RCT scores of the participants. However, when each variable was examined separately, syntactic knowledge was the most contributive variable to L2 reading comprehension. Lexical breadth also significantly explained L2 reading comprehension of EFL learners. The unique contribution of lexical depth to L2 reading comprehension was very low and not significant. Moreover, the independent variables were also correlated with each other. The findings of the current study were compared with the previous findings, discussed and justified in accordance with them. Pedagogical implications were offered.Bu çalışmanın amacı İngilizceyi yabancı dil olarak öğrenen 254 yetişkin Türk üniversite öğrencisinin yabancı dilde okuduğunu anlama becerisinde İngilizce yapı bilgisi ve İngilizce sözcük bilgisinin katkısını belirlemektir. İkinci dilde okuduğunu anlama becerisinde sözcük bilgisinin iki boyutunun, sözcük derinliği ve sözcük dağarcığı, rolü de incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın veri toplama sürecinde İngilizce yapı bilgisi testi, yabancı dilde okuduğunu anlama testi, İngilizce sözcük düzey testi ve sözcük ilişkilendirme testleri kullanılmıştır. Veri analizinde nicel veri analiz yöntemleri kullanılmış ve veri analizinde korelasyon ve çoklu regresyon analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veri analiz sonuçları, bu çalışmanın bütün değişkenlerinin anlamlı bir biçimde ve pozitif yönde birbiriyle ilişkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca tüm bağımsız değişkenler birlikte katılımcıların İngilizce okuduğunu anlama testi puanlarını anlamlı bir biçimde yordamıştır. Bununla birlikte, her bir bağımsız değişken ayrı ayrı incelendiğinde, yapı bilgisinin, yabancı dilde okuduğunu anlama becerisine en çok katkıda bulunan bağımsız değişken olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Ayrıca sözcük düzey testi de yabancı dil öğrenenlerin okuduğunu anlama düzeyini önemli ölçüde açıklamıştır. Sözcük derinliğinin ikinci dilde okuduğunu anlamaya özgün katkısının ise çok düşük olduğu ve anlamlı olmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Dahası, bağımsız değişkenlerin de birbirleriyle ilişkili olduğu bu çalışmanın bir diğer bulgusudur. Bu çalışmanın bulguları alan yazındaki diğer çalışmaların bulguları ile karşılaştırılmış ve tartışılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın bulgularından hareketle eğitimsel çıkarımlar önerilmiştir

Constraints on Dark Photon from Neutrino-Electron Scattering Experiments

A possible manifestation of an additional light gauge boson $A^\prime$, named as Dark Photon, associated with a group $U(1)_{\rm B-L}$ is studied in neutrino electron scattering experiments. The exclusion plot on the coupling constant $g_{\rm B-L}$ and the dark photon mass $M_{A^\prime}$ is obtained. It is shown that contributions of interference term between the dark photon and the Standard Model are important. The interference effects are studied and compared with for data sets from TEXONO, GEMMA, BOREXINO, LSND as well as CHARM II experiments. Our results provide more stringent bounds to some regions of parameter space.Comment: 22 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables, text improved, fig.6 updated, references adde

Psychoeducation and Work Practices in Chronic Mental Disorders

The unemployment, one of the difficulties faced by individuals with the chronic mental disorder who are stigmatized and marginalized by the society in terms of social identity, is an important problem. Providing occupation and a regular job for individuals with chronic mental disorders has a great importance in terms of increasing their functionality in the society. In this context, patients with chronic mental disorder, who are stigmatized and identified by the society, are examined in this review, in terms of "social identity theory"

Standard Model CP violation in B->X_d \ell^+\ell^- decays

We investigate the CP violating asymmetry, the forward backward asymmetry and the CP violating asymmetry in the forward-backward asymmetry for the inclusive B->X_d \ell^+\ell^- decays for the \ell=e,\mu \tau channels in the standard model. It is observed that these asymmetries are quite sizable and B->X_d \ell^+\ell^- decays seem promising for investigating CP violation.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figure

The annotation scheme of the Turkish Discourse Bank and an evaluation of inconsistent annotations

In this paper, we report on the annotation procedures we developed for annotating the Turkish Discourse Bank (TDB), an effort that extends the Penn Discourse Tree Bank (PDTB) annotation style by using it for annotating Turkish discourse. After a brief introduction to the TDB, we describe the annotation cycle and the annotation scheme we developed, defining which parts of the scheme are an extension of the PDTB and which parts are different. We provide inter-coder reliability calculations on the first and second arguments of some connectives and discuss the most important sources of disagreement among annotators

Monitoring of acid mine lakes by Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) on Geographic Information System (GIS) around Can Region, Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey

The 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology, 13-17 October 2014 / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, TurkeyIn the past three decades, a few small scale private enterprises have been operating around Can Region, Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey which is rich in lignite reserves. They have abandoned the operation land without providing any working of rehabilitation. during the operation of high sulfur content lignite, the topography have been damaged and this caused the large holes and deterioration in these areas. As a result of discharge of surface water the artificial lakes have been formed. In the course of the time, these lakes gain acidic character due to acid generation from pyrite oxidation. Significantly high acidity with low pH values ranging from 2.53 to 3.05 is recorded from AMLs