Influence of organic-mineral fertilization of an oxisol on soil chemical properties and Bracharia brizantha production

The use of organic-mineral fertilizer produced by the manufacturing industry of lysine and threonine amino acids can improve the fertility of tropical soils. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different doses of the organic-mineral fertilizer named Ajifer L-14 on chemical properties and on the response with increased production of a forage on a Red Latosol in the northwestern region of São Paulo State, Brazil. A randomized block design was used with seven treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of: T1- control (without application of Ajifer L-14); T2- control (natural vegetation); T3- mineral fertilization according to crop requirements and soil analysis (application of 1.35 kg plot-1 of urea, 2.20 single superphosphate, and 0.51 KCl, corresponding to 60 of N, 40 P2O5 and 30 kg ha-1 of K2O); T4- fertilization with Ajifer L-14 according to the recommendation resulting from the soil chemical analysis (40 L plot-1, corresponding to 60 kg ha-1 N); T5- fertilization with Ajifer L-14, at a rate of 150 % of the recommended values (60 L plot-1, corresponding to 90 kg ha-1 N); T6- fertilization with Ajifer L-14 at a rate of 50 % of the recommended values (20 L plot-1, corresponding to 30 kg ha-1 N); T7- fertilization with Ajifer L-14 at a rate of 125 % of the recommended values (50 L plot-1, corresponding to 75 kg ha-1 N); T8- fertilization with Ajifer L-14 at a rate of 75 % of the recommended values (30 L plot-1, corresponding to 45 kg ha-1 N). The following soil chemical properties were evaluated (layers 0.0-0.1 and 0.1-0.2 m): P, organic matter, pH, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, cation exchange capacity, potential acidity, and base saturation. The application of this organic-mineral fertilizer does not influence the soil chemical properties. Regression analysis indicated a polynomial relationship between the application rates of organic-mineral fertilizer and the production of dry matter and crude protein of Bracharia Brizantha

Eficiência simbiótica de estirpes de Cupriavidus necator tolerantes a zinco, cádmio, cobre e chumbo

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a tolerância de estirpes de Cupriavidus necator a zinco, cádmio, cobre e chumbo, além de determinar a eficiência simbiótica das estirpes mais tolerantes em associação a espécies leguminosas com potencial para revegetação. A tolerância foi testada em meio LB, suplementado com 2,5; 5,0; 7,5; 10; 12,5 e 15 mmol L-1 de ZnSO4.7H2O, CdSO4.8H2O, CuSO4.5H2O e PbCl2, respectivamente, em comparação ao controle sem adição de metal. Determinou-se a eficiência simbiótica das quatro estirpes de C. necator mais tolerantes aos metais avaliados (UFLA02-71, UFLA02-73, UFLA01-659 e UFLA01-663), as quais foram inoculadas nas espécies: Leucaena leucocephala, Enterolobium contortisiliquum, Acacia mangium, Mimosa caesalpiniifolia, M. pudica, M. pigra e M. acutistipula. Em vasos com solos, avaliaram-se L. leucocephala, M. pudica e M. caesalpiniifolia e as estirpes UFLA01-659 e UFLA02-71, selecionadas na avaliação de eficiência simbiótica. A estirpe UFLA02-71 proporcionou incrementos de matéria seca da parte aérea de 870% em M. caesalpiniifolia, enquanto que UFLA01-659 proporcionou 885% em M. pudica e 924% em L. leucocephala. As estirpes UFLA01-659 e UFLA02-71, além da alta tolerância a metais pesados, apresentaram eficiência em fixar nitrogênio, em simbiose com essas leguminosas, em solos com rizóbios nativos capazes de nodulá-las, e devem ser avaliadas quanto ao seu potencial de utilização em programas de recuperação de áreas degradadas

Fuzzy Logic and Geostatistical Techniques for Spatialization of Soil Texture in Region with Rough Terrains

AbstractFrom the geotechnical standpoint, it is interesting to analyse the soil texture in regions with rough terrain due to its relation with the infiltration and runoff processes and, consequently, the effect on erosion processes. The purpose of this paper is to present a methodology that provides the soil texture spatialization by using Fuzzy logic and Geostatistic. The results were correlated with maps drawn specifically for the study area. The knowledge of the spatialization of soil properties, such as the texture, can be an important tool for land use planning in order to reduce the potential soil losses during rainseasons

Importance Of Landscape Physical Elements For Evaluating High Mountain Eucalyptus Forest Management, Santa Edwirges Farm, Paraiba Valley, Southeast Brazil [relação Do Meio Físico Com O Manejo Sustentável De Plantio De Eucalipto Em áreas De Terrenos Acidentados - A Fazenda Santa Edwirges, Vale Do Paraíba, Sudeste Do Brasil]

This study intends to evaluate the effects of landscape physical elements (rocks and relief) associated with silviculture activities. The study was carried out on a small farm (Fazenda Santa Edwirges) covered by Eucalyptus forested situated in the Paraiba do Sul Basin, Southeast Brazil. The methodology consisted of detailed geological and geomorphological studies at 1:10,000 scale, and laboratory analysis of soil physical properties. The results showed three geologic-geomorphologic associations (ridge escarpment with granitic rocks, steep and gentle hills cut by shear zones and gentle hill with alluvial sediments) present high vulnerability for the development of the physical processes such as accelerated erosion landslides and flooding. In contrast, mountains associated with gneissic rocks present smaller vulnerability and high resilience for the development of the physical processes. The results have showed the importance of considering the interactions among landscape physical for the eucalyptus forest management contributing to a better selection area for eucalyptus cultivation and minimize adverse environment impact in road design.313431445Bell, T.H., Rubenach, M.J., Fleming, P.D., Porphyroblast nucleation, growth and dissolution in regional metamorphic rocks as a function of deformation partitioning during foliation development (1986) Journal of Metamorphic Rocks, 4 (1), pp. 37-67Camarinha, P., (2011) Mapeamento do potencial de infiltração de água no solo como subsídio ao planejamento de pequenas bacias hidrográficas Uma proposta metodológica usando geotecnologias, p. 101. , Guaratinguetá, Dissertação (de Mestrado)-Programa Multi-Campus em Engenharia Civil e Ambiental, Universidade Estadual PaulistaCamarinha, P., Trannin, C.B., Simoes, S.J.C., Bernardes, G.P., Fuzzy logic and geostatistical techniques for spatialization of soil textures in region with rough terrain (2011) Procedia Environmental Sciences, pp. 347-352. , v. 7Carneiro, C.D.R., Hasui, Y., Giancursi, F.D., Estruturas da Bacia do Taubaté na região de São José dos Campos (1978) Anais..., 4, pp. 247-256. , CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE GEOLOGIA, 29, 1978, Ouro Preto. Belo Horizonte: Sociedade Brasileira de Geologia(2000) Relatório Executivo, p. 122. , CEIVAP-COMITÊ PARA A INTEGRAÇÃO DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO PARAÍBA DO SUL. Projeto Qualidade das Águas e Controle da Poluição Hídrica (PQA).. São Paulo: CEIVAPde Las Salas, G., (1987) Suelos y ecossistemas forestalis: Com énfasis em America Tropical, p. 450. , San Jose, IICAFujieda, M., Kudoh, T., de Cicco, V., Carvalho, J.L., Hydrological processes at the subtropical forest catchments of the Serra do Mar, Sao Paulo, Brazil (1997) Journal of Hydrology, pp. 26-46. , v. 196Goovaerts, P., (1997) Geostatistics for natural resources evaluation, p. 483. , Oxford: Oxford University PressHasui, Y., Sadowski, G., Evolução geológica do precambriano na região sudeste de São Paulo. São Paulo (1976) Revista Brasileira de Geociências, 6, pp. 187-200(1981) Mapa Geológico do Estado de São Paulo, , IPT-INSTITUTO TECNOLÓGICO DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO.. Escala 1:500.000. Volume I. Governo de São Paulo, IPTIsaaks, E.H., Srivastava, R.M., (1989) Applied geostatistics: An introduction, p. 592. , Oxford: Oxford University PressLandim, P.M.B., (1984) Mapa Geológico do Estado de São Paulo, , (Coord.).. Escala 1:50.000, São Paulo: IGCE/UNESPLane, P.N.J., Morris, J., Ningnan, Z., Guangyi, Z., Guoyi, Z., Daping, X., Water balance of tropical eucalypt plantations in south-eastern China (2004) Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, pp. 253-267. , v. 124Latgé, A., Determinação de taxa de infiltração do solo na área de recarga da sub-bacia do ribeirão Taboão, município de Lorena/SP (2005) Relatório Final, p. 37. , PIBIC-2004. Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Faculdade de Engenharia de Guaratinguetá, UNESPLima, W.P., (1996) Impacto ambiental do eucalipto, p. 301. , São Paulo: EDUSPLima, W.P., Zakia, M.J.B., (2006) As florestas plantadas e a água, p. 218. , Rio Claro: Editora RimaMcBratney, A.B., Odeh, I.O.A., Application of fuzzy sets in soil science: Fuzzy logic, fuzzy measurements, and fuzzy decisions (1997) Geoderma, p. 113. , v. 7Misra, S., Mandal, N., Chakraborty, C., Formation of Riedel shear fractures in granular materials: Findings from analogue shear experiments and theoretical analyses (2009) Tectonophysics, pp. 253-259. , v. 471Oliveira, T.P., Simoes, S.J.C., Automare, G.B., Bernardes, G.P., Trannin, I.C., Dias, J.F., Desenvolvendo uma metodologia para a elaboração de um mapa de silvicultura com base em elementos do meio físico-a Bacia do Rio Paraíba do Sul, sudeste do Brasil Scientia Forestalis, , (aceito, em revisão)Orea, D.G., (2007) Ordenación territorial, p. 766. , Madrid: Mundi-Prensa LibrosPonçano, W.L., Carneiro, C.D.R., Bistrichi, C.A., Almeira, F.F.M., Prandini, F.L., (1981) Mapa Geomorfológico, , do Estado de São Paulo. Escala 1:500.000, São Paulo: IPTRamsay, J., Shear zones geometry: A review (1980) Journal of Structural Geology, pp. 83-99. , Mainz, v. 2Ross, J.L.S., Moroz, I.C., (1997) Mapa geomorfológico do Estado de São Paulo, , São Paulo: FFLCH/USP e IPT/ FAPESPSantos, C.M.Z., Bernardes, G.P., Simões, S.J.C., Estudo da erodibilidade dos solos da bacia hidrográfica do ribeirão Taboão, Lorena, SP (2006) Anais..., 3, pp. 1773-1778. , CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE MECÂNICA DOS SOLOS E ENGENHARIA GEOTÉCNICA, 13, 2006, Curitiba. Curitiba: ABMSSantos, C.M.Z., Bernardes, G.P., Simões, S.J.C., Automare, G.B.B., Proposta metodológica para a caracterização de áreas com potencial de erosão (2007) Anais..., , SIMPÓSIO SOBRE SOLOS TROPICAIS E PROCESSOS EROSIVOS NO CENTRO-OESTE, 3, 2007, Cuiabá. Cuiabá: ABMS, CD-ROMSimões, S.J.C., Accelerated erosional processes in contrasting landscape-Campinas, SP. 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The Definition Of Potential Infiltration Areas In Guaratinguetá Watershed, Paraíba Do Sul Basin, Southeastern Brazil: An Integrated Approach Using Physical And Land-use Elements

This work describes the methodological approach used for mapping the potential infiltration areas of the Guaratinguetá watershed (160 km2), situated in Southeastern Brazil. The method is considered a qualitative approach, which takes into account thematic maps (geology, pedology, geomorphology, and land use/land cover) and the precipitation spatial distribution. A group of experts in Earth Sciences and Geotechnical Engineering has applied an infiltration potential scale factor that ranges from 5 (highest influence) to 1 (lowest influence). The final infiltration map was produced using several ArcGIS® tools. The results showed that the most suitable (very high) infiltration areas represent only around 7% of the watershed area, which are associated with smooth and gentle hills, fluvial Tertiary sediments and yellow oxisols. However, growing impacts caused by land farming and urban developments require urgent planning for this region. Areas with high to moderate capacity of infiltration represent around 56% of the watershed and are found in the domain of igneous-metamorphic rocks associated with steep hill-slopes and relatively well-preserved forest fragments. This region requires a land-use strategy, such as reforestation programs, in order to increase the infiltration capacity of the watershed. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.67616851694Brito, M.G., Costa, C.N., Almeida, J.A., Vendas, D., Verdial, P.H., Characterization of maximum infiltration using GIS tools (2006) Eng Geol, 85, pp. 14-18Brooks, N., Adger, W.N., Kelly, P.M., The determinants of vulnerability and adaptive capacity at the national level and the implications for adaptation (2005) Global Env Change, 15, pp. 151-165(2000) Plano de qualidade da água: Bacia do rio Paraíba do Sul-Estado de São Paulo (Water quality protection plan: Paraíba do Sul River Basin-Sao Paulo State), , CEIVAP, Governo do Estado de Sao Paulo/Secretaria dos Recursos Hídricos, Saneamento e Obras. Final Report, Sao Paulo (Brazil)Chang, M., (2003) Forest Hydrology: An Introduction to Water and Forests, , Boca Raton: CRCCivita, M.V., Mayo, M., Mapping groundwater vulnerability in areas impacted by flash flood disasters (1998) 13th ESRI European conference, , http://proceedings.esri.com/library/userconf/europroc98/proc/idp51.html, Accessed 15 Dec 2009, Firenze, Italy 7-9 Oct 1998Dye, P., Versfeld, D., Managing the hydrological impacts of South African plantation forests: an overview (2007) Forest Ecol Man, 251 (1-2), pp. 121-128Forman, R., Godron, M., (1986) Landscape Ecology, , New York: John WilleyGifford, G.F., Hawkins, R.W., Hydrologic impact of grazing on infiltration: a critical review (1978) Water Resour Res, 14 (2), pp. 305-313Hasui, Y., Ponçano, W.L., Structural organization and evolution of Taubaté Sedimentary Basin, Southeastern Brazil (1978) Proceedings of the XXX Brazilian geology congress, pp. 26-381. , Recife, BrazilHealy, R.W., Cook, P.G., Using groundwater levels to estimate recharge (2002) Hydrogeol J, 10, pp. 91-109(1981) Mapa Geológico do Estado de São Paulo (Geological Map of São Paulo State), , IPT (Sao Paulo State Technological Research Institute), scale 1/500000, IPT Sao Paulo (Brazil)Kwiclis, E., Witkowski, M., Birdsell, K., Newmann, B., Walther, D., Development of an infiltration map for the Los Alamos area, New Mexico (2005) Vad Zone J, 4, pp. 672-693Landim, P.M., (1984) Mapa Geológico do Estado de São Paulo (Geological Map of São Paulo State), , scale 1/250000, IGCE/UNESP, São Paulo (Brazil)Naeth, M.A., Rothwell, R.L., Chanasyk, D.S., Bailey, A.W., Grazing impacts on infiltration in mixed prairie and fescue grassland ecosystems of Alberta (1990) Can J Soil Sci/Rev Can Sci Sol, 70 (4), pp. 593-605Oka, T., Changes of precipitation infiltration and runoff due to urbanization (1993) IAHS Publ, 216, pp. 409-421Oliveira, J.B., Camargo, M.N., Rossi, M., Calderano Filho, B., (1999) Mapa Pedológico do Estado de Sao Paulo (Pedological Map of São Paulo State), , scale 1/500000, Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, Campinas, BrazilPonçano, W.L., Carneiro, C.D.R., Bistrichi, C.A., Almeida, F.F.M., de Prandini, F.L., (1981) Mapa Geomorfológico do Estado de São Paulo (Geomorphological Map of São Paulo State), , scale 1/500000, Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas, São Paulo (Publication no. 1183)Rao, V.B., Hada, K., Characteristics of precipitaton over Brazil: annual variation and connections with the Southern oscillation (1990) Theor Applied Clim, 42, pp. 81-91Ross, J.L.S., Moroz, I.C., (1997) Mapa Geomorfológico De São Paulo (Geomorphological Map of São Paulo State), Scale 1/500000, , Sao Paulo (Brazil): USP/FAPESPSanford, W., Recharge and gorundwater models: an overview (2002) Hydrogeol J, 10, pp. 110-120Shaban, A., Khalie, M., Abdallah, C., Use of remote sensing and GIS to determine recharge potential zones: the case of Occidental Lebanon (2006) Hydrogeol J, 14 (4), pp. 433-443Silva, J., (2000) A dinâmica atmosférica e a distribuição das chuvas na região leste paulista (Atmospheric dynamics and precipitation distribution in the east of São Paulo State), , Doctor thesis, Department of Geociences, Sao Paulo State University, Rio Claro (BrazilSimoes, S.J.C., Barros, A.P., Regional climate variability and its effects on Brazil's 2001 energy crisis (2007) Manag Environ Qual, 18 (3), pp. 263-273Sophocleous, M., Interactions between groundwater and surface water: the state of the science (2002) Hydrogeol J, 10 (1), pp. 52-67Ward, A.D., Trimble, S.W., (2003) Environmental Hydrology, , Boca Raton: Lewis PublisherWeltz, M., Wood, K., Short duration grazing in Central New Mexico: effects on infiltration rates (1986) J Range Manage, 39 (4), pp. 365-368Wood, K.M., Blackburn, W.H., An evaluation of the hydrologic soils groups as used in the SCS runoff method on rangelands (1984) J Am Water Assoc, 20 (3), pp. 379-38