Effect of electric field inhomogeneity on kinetic Alfven wave in an inhomogeneous magnetosphere

The effect of electric field in-homogeneity perpendicular to the ambient magnetic field on Kinetic Alfven waves in the presence of ion and electron beam velocities are investigated. In the present study we have adopted the particle aspect approach to investigate the trajectories of charged particles in the electromagnetic field of a kinetic Alfven wave. Expressions are derived for the field-aligned current, the perpendicular current and the dispersion relation. Energy conservation method was used to obtain the growth/damping rate of the wave. The effect of inhomogeneity of electric field and electron and ion beam velocities are discussed. In present study, we assumed that the plasma is an anisotropic and with low-β. The results are discussed for the space plasma parameter appropriate to the auroral acceleration region of the earth’s magnetosphere

A comparative study on the hatching of common carp eggs in hapa and hatchery (model CIFE D-80)

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) eggs were incubated to study the efficiency of hatching in hapa and hatchery. During incubation the recorded temperature was 21-28 degree C and 20-31 degree C, dissolved oxygen 6-9 ppm. and 3-5 ppm., total alkalinity 180-250 ppm. and 28-62 ppm. respectively in the hatchery (model C.I.F.E. D-80) and hapa. CO sub(2) was totally absent in the hatchery, but recorded 3-10 ppm. in the hapa. The flow of water was maintained at 1.25 l/minute/jar in the hatchery. Under the above environmental conditions the eggs hatched in 42-51 hrs. in the hatchery and 61-81 hrs. in the hapa from egg to spawn thereby establishing the hatchery to be a better hatching system for carp eggs

Performance evaluation of rice bran biodiesel in small size agricultural diesel engines

India is the second largest rice producing country in the world.  The estimated yield of crude Rice Bran Oil (RBO) is about 400,000 tons of which only 50% is of edible grade, 50% of the total available rice bran oil is left unutilized due to the presence of active lipase in bran and lack of economic stabilization methods most of the bran is used as animal feed or for industrial application.  One of the best ways for the potential utilization of RBO is the production of biodiesel.  This study targets at finding the effects of the engine parameters to compare the performance of diesel and rice bran biodiesel blends.  Rice Bran (RB) blends were found to be substitute for diesel fuel.  Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTHE) was maximum for RB05 blend and minimum for RB20 blend.  RB05 blend can be considered as a substitute for diesel with lower Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) and Brake Specific Energy Consumption (BSEC), RB15 was found to have minimum smoke opacity.   Keywords: Rice bran oil, Blend, Brake parameters and opacit

Pressure-Based Method for the Extraction and Characterisation of Agar from Gelidium Sesquipedale

Agar has been widely used in the food, pharmaceutical and medical fieldsand has been traditionally extracted by soaking the macroalgae for up to 4 h at boiling temperatures. Traditional methods are often energy intensive and therefore extraction technologies are currently being investigated in order to pursue more sustainable form of extraction. This study focused on the extraction of agar from Gelidium sesquipedale by means a combination of an acid pre-treatment (citric or acetic acid) followed by autoclaving at different time/temperature combinations. It was found that among all the conditions tested (10, 15 and 20 min) and (100, 110, and 120 °C), the best condition was (20 min, 110 °C) by means of a citric acid pre-treatment, reporting a yield of 31.69 ± 3.5% (g extract per g dried G. sesquipedale), and a gel strength of 183.78 ± 36.80 g cm−2

Study of Ionospheric Variability during the Storm of January, 2005 using GPS and DEMETER Satellite Measurements

The dual frequency Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver provides an opportunity to determine Total Electron Content (TEC) over the crest of equatorial ionization anomaly region Bhopal by taking advantage of the dispersive nature of the ionospheric medium. The TEC values observed for the geomagnetic storm of the January 2005 is used in this paper to discuss the behaviour of ionospheric total electron content (TEC) during geomagnetically disturbed period. Variation of TEC is studied in correlation with the geomagnetic index Dst and southward component of interplanetary magnetic field Bz. The TEC variability is found to vary between with the maximum negative excursion of Dst index during the geomagnetic storms days. Positive phase is observed. Maximum TEC variability is observed during the recovery phase of the storms. Electron and ion density measurements from the DEMETER satellite are compared with the TEC measurements. The study of storm time TEC behaviour is very important due to recent increase in satellite-based navigation applications. Keywords: Ionosphere, geomagnetic storms, GPS, DEMETER, TE

Emancipatory Ethical Social Media Campaigns: Fostering Relationship Harmony and Peace

Whilst emancipatory ethical social media campaigns play an imperative role for fostering relationship and facilitating peace, limited research has examined the motivational response from peace-promoting viral videos. This research scrutinizes the effects of a viral video titled “Peace Anthem”: a mash-up between Pakistani and Indian national anthems, performed by famous artists and broadcasted in the wake of Independence Day in India and Pakistan. We examine the effect of listening to the anthem medley on relationship harmony using a longitudinal study design and contribute to the burgeoning body of knowledge on peace music and relational musicology fostering relationship harmony. Study 1, consisting of 1048 cases, determines the effects of the likeability of the “Peace Anthem” and education on relationship harmony and it also examines the moderating role of education. Study 2 with 605 cases investigates the persistency of these effects over time. The results demonstrate significant relationships between the likeability of the “Peace Anthem” and education with relationship harmony as well as validate the moderating role of education. Although these effects decrease over time, there are noteworthy changes that consequently call for the persistence of ethical social media campaigns for stimulating peace. We discuss the policy implications of these findings and conclude with study limitations and recommendations for further research

Relativistic anisotropic charged fluid spheres with varying cosmological constant

Static spherically symmetric anisotropic source has been studied for the Einstein-Maxwell field equations assuming the erstwhile cosmological constant $\Lambda$ to be a space-variable scalar, viz., $\Lambda = \Lambda(r)$. Two cases have been examined out of which one reduces to isotropic sphere. The solutions thus obtained are shown to be electromagnetic in origin as a particular case. It is also shown that the generally used pure charge condition, viz., $\rho + p_r = 0$ is not always required for constructing electromagnetic mass models.Comment: 15 pages, 3 eps figure

Microenvironment-induced downregulation of miR-193b drives ovarian cancer metastasis

The cross-talk between ovarian cancer (OvCa) cells and the metastatic microenvironment is an essential determinant of successful colonization. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have several critical roles during metastasis; however, the role of microenvironmental cues in the regulation of miRNAs in metastasizing cancer cells has not been studied. Using a three-dimensional culture model that mimics the human omentum, one of the principal sites of OvCa metastasis, we identified and characterized the microenvironment-induced downregulation of a tumor suppressor miRNA, miR-193b, in metastasizing OvCa cells. The direct interaction of the OvCa cells with mesothelial cells, which cover the surface of the omentum, caused a DNA methyltransferase 1-mediated decrease in the expression of miR-193b in the cancer cells. The reduction in miR-193b enabled the metastasizing cancer cells to invade and proliferate into human omental pieces ex vivo and into the omentum of a mouse xenograft model of OvCa metastasis. The functional effects of miR-193b were mediated, in large part, by the concomitant increased expression of its target, urokinase-type plasminogen activator, a known tumor-associated protease. These findings link paracrine signals from the microenvironment to the regulation of a key miRNA in cancer cells. Targeting miR-193b, which is essential for metastatic colonization of cancer cells could prove effective in the treatment of OvCa metastasis

Data Collection Survey on Forest Conservation in Mahavir Swami Wildlife Sanctuary for Addressing Climate Change

Tropical forest serves as an important pivotal role in terrestrial biological diversity. The tropical forest acts as munificence for the life forms living in the tropics, by providing habitat conditions and natural resources. Tree parameter measurement is an important part of forest resource monitoring. The Data Collection Survey on Forest Conservation aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the current state of forests and evaluate the effectiveness of conservation efforts. This survey integrates advanced data collection methods, including remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), to monitor forest health, biodiversity, and threats. Key findings highlight critical areas of biodiversity that require targeted conservation, the pervasive threats from illegal logging and climate change, and the significance of community involvement in conservation initiatives. This study makes an attempt to data collection surveying methods to assess forest management in Mahavir Swami Wildlife Sanctuary (MSWS), Lalitpur, UP, India, using Sentinel-2A sensor data. We selected tree samples from thirty transects in MSWS through random sampling. A method of collecting tree measurement factors based on height and DBH with a variety of high-precision methods is proposed. The data collection survey used in this study can help forest managers, environmentalist, and conservationist for formulating policies for management of forest ecosystem at various scales

Microeconometric evidence of financing frictions and innovative activity - a revision

Nous utilisons une base de données de panel néerlandaise assez originale pour examiner comment les décisions d'innovation et de financement varient selon les caractéristiques des entreprises. Nous examinons en particulier dans quelle mesure il y a une faille de marché due aux besoins de financement de l'innovation. En résumé, nous aboutissons aux résultats suivants. Premièrement, les entreprises soumises à des contraintes financières font leurs choix de financement et d'innovation en fonction de leur âge, de leur taille et de leur degré d'endettement. Sans contraintes de financement, les enterprises sont moins portées à innover en s'endettant, quelles que soient leurs caractéristiques. Deuxièmement, ont tendance à être contraintes financièrement les enterprises jeunes, petites, avec un rapport dettes/fonds propres élevé et peu d'avoirs collatérables. Troisièmement, les entreprises jeunes, grandes et avec un faible rapport dettes/fonds propres ont plus de chances d'être innovantes. Quatrièmement, les contraintes de financement réduisent l'intensité de R-D. Cinquièmement, ce sont les entreprises petites et jeunes qui sont plus intenses en R-D. Pour estimer notre modèle, nous développons un nouvel estimateur qui combine les méthodes des effets aléatoires corrélés et des fonctions de contrôle pour tenir compte de l'endogénéité des régresseurs dans un modèle structurel d'équations simultanées.Using a unique panel data of Dutch innovation and financial variables we empirically investigate how financing and innovation vary across firm characteristics. The study also tries to gauge the extent of market failure due to the presence of financing frictions. Our main findings can be summarized as follows. First, when firms face endogenous financial constraints, debt financing and innovation choices are not independent of firm characteristics such as age, size, and existing leverage. In the absence of financial constraints, however, firms, almost uniformly across firm characteristics, become less inclined as compared to firms facing constraints - to engage in innovative activity by raising debt. Second, small, young, highly leveraged, and firms with lower collateralizable assets are more likely to be financially constrained. Third, large, young, and low leveraged firms are more likely to be innovators. Fourth, financial constraints adversely affect a firm's R&D intensity. Fifth, smaller and younger firms are more R&D intensive. A new estimator, that combines the method of Correlated Random Effects and Control Function to account for the endogeneity of regressors in a structural equations model, is developed