6 research outputs found

    4-aminobutyrate aminotrasferase (ABAT): genetic and pharmacological evidence for an involvement in gastro esophageal reflux disease

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    Extent: 9p.Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) is partly caused by genetic factors. The underlying susceptibility genes are currently unknown, with the exception of COL3A1. We used three independent GERD patient cohorts to identify GERD susceptibility genes. Thirty-six families, demonstrating dominant transmission of GERD were subjected to whole genome microsatellite genotyping and linkage analysis. Five linked regions were identified. Two families shared a linked region (LOD 3.9 and 2.0) on chromosome 16. We used two additional independent GERD patient cohorts, one consisting of 219 trios (affected child with parents) and the other an adult GERD case control cohort consisting of 256 cases and 485 controls, to validate individual genes in the linked region through association analysis. Sixty six single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers distributed over the nine genes present in the linked region were genotyped in the independent GERD trio cohort. Transmission disequilibrium test analysis followed by multiple testing adjustments revealed a significant genetic association for one SNP located in an intron of the gene 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase (ABAT) (Padj = 0.027). This association did not replicate in the adult case-control cohort, possibly due to the differences in ethnicity between the cohorts. Finally, using the selective ABAT inhibitor vigabatrin (c-vinyl GABA) in a dog study, we were able to show a reduction of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations (TLESRs) by 57.3611.4 % (p = 0.007) and the reflux events from 3.160.4 to 0.860.4 (p = 0.007). Our results demonstrate the direct involvement of ABAT in pathways affecting lower esophageal sphincter (LES) control and identifies ABAT as a genetic risk factor for GERD.Johan Jirholt, Bengt Åsling, Paul Hammond, Geoffrey Davidson, Mikael Knutsson, Anna Walentinsson, Jörgen M. Jensen, Anders Lehmann, Lars Agreus and Maria Lagerström-Ferme

    Tratamento cirúrgico do divertículo de zenker

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    O divertículo de Zenker (DZ) é uma doença muito pouco freqüente, cujo sintoma mais importante é a disfagia cervical. Os aspectos de sua etiopatogenia ainda são motivos de várias pesquisas na literatura, através de estudos manométricos e cinerradiográficos. O tratamento mais empregado é o cirúrgico, favorecendo quase a totalidade dos doentes, com índices de recidiva muito baixos. Porém, algumas publicações enfatizam as vantagens do tratamento endoscópico. Foram revisados 39 doentes, tratados no Serviço nos últimos 15 anos, sendo que 28 foram do sexo masculino (71,8%). A idade do grupo variou de 18 a 86 anos (média 54,5 anos). Os principais sintomas foram a disfagia cervical (89,8%), a regurgitação alimentar (71,8%), a tosse repetitiva (30.7%) e o emagrecimento importante (25,6%). Dois pacientes apresentaram diverticulite aguda e perfuração (5,1 %). O diagnóstico foi estabelecido através de radiografias contrastadas em 37 pacientes (94,8%) e de endoscopia digestiva em 28 (71,7%). A eletromanometria foi realizada em 13 casos (33,3%). O tratamento consistiu de diverticulectomia seguida de miotomia do esfincter do músculo cricofaríngeo em 24 pacientes (61,5%) e diverticulopexia seguida da mesma miotomia em 15 pacientes (38,5%). No seguimento a longo prazo de 35 pacientes (89,8%), variando de cinco meses a 12 anos (média 4,5 anos), ocorreu melhora importante com desaparecimento da disfagia em todos os casos. Três pacientes (7,7%) persistiram sintomas disfágicos leves e inconstantes. Um paciente faleceu em decorrência de complicações cardíacas e pulmonares. Os estudos histopatológicos dos divertículos ressecados mostraram a presença de tumor maligno neuroendócrino em um paciente (2,5%). Os doentes submetidos a diverticulopexia receberam alta hospitalar mais precocemente. Os autores discutem os aspectos atuais da fisiopatologia do DZ, analisam as opções de tratamento e os resultados da literatura, comparando com os obtidos neste estudo. Concluindo, os resultados mostram que tanto a diverticulectomia como a diverticulopexia podem ser utilizadas, ambas seguidas de miotomia do músculo cricofaríngeo. A diverticulopexia mostrou ser uma opção muito satisfatória para os divertículos de tamanhos pequenos e médios

    Radiologic diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus: Critical analysis of 65 cases

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    A recent increase in the number of Barrett's esophagis being diagnosed is probably directly related to a proportional increase in endoscopic biopsies of the esophagus and awareness of premalignant potential of Barrett's mucosa. While the endoscopist can detect Barrett's mucosa with fair degree of accuracy, the radiologic diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus still remains a diagnostic challenge despite several well established radiologic features. We reviewed 65 patients with pathologically proven Barrett's esophagus and found a wide spectrum of radiologic features. These include hiatus hernia in 49, gastroesophageal reflux in 38, strictures in 32, esophagitis in 20, and characteristic Barrett's ulcer in 12. In addition ascending or migrating strictures were found in 10, mucosal pattern simulating areae gastricae in 5, cricopharyngeal dysfunction in 4, and fixed spiral folds in 3 patients. This constellation of radiologic features, some of which have not been previously emphasized, should further assist radiologists in suggesting the diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/48125/1/261_2005_Article_BF02035052.pd

    Pharynx und Ösophagus

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