The future of hierarchical structure in organizations

In the second half of the twentieth century organizational systems did change the way of management. Through the introduction of informatics and emphasis on the importance of human resources, management process has obtained a new design, very different from the classic one that dominated the first half of the twentieth century. This especially applies to reduced hierarchical structure in corporate systems and elimination of the so-called ‘deep range’ of organization and management, as well as new concepts of management and direction of joint work. The aim of this paper is to highlight the changes that are expected in the design of organizations in the coming period in terms of hierarchy, in order for companies to get ready and be prepared for the upcoming changes in the organizational systems

Project based learning in teaching communication skills in English as a foreign language to engineering students

The aim of this paper is to consider project based learning as one of the most efficient and productive methods used in teaching English as a foreign language to engineering students of Russian technical universities. Special emphasis is put on communication skills to be mastered by future engineers through project based learning. It is of great importance to note that highly developed oral and written communication skills are valuable for engineering students wishing to become successful and competitive in the international arena. Hence, engineering students must be trained well to develop their communication skills in English in the field of professional activity, mainly in the science research area. An inter-disciplinary project designed on the basis of project based learning for the second year students of Tomsk Polytechnic University is reviewed in this work. The authors come to the conclusion that project based learning is an ideal teaching method since it allows engineering students to improve significantly their oral and written communication skills as well as apply the content knowledge in the field of their professional activity within the English language course

Discourse as the basis of pragmatic analysis

The article deals with the problems of discourse definition and its types. The authors analyse different views which concern the including of the term “dialogue” into “discourse” along with “monologue”. Special attention is paid to the description of a literary dialogue having its own features and special interest for pragmatic analysis as almost all utterances are performativeyesBelgorod State Universit

Agricultural Cooperatives in Serbia

Agricultural cooperative has a long tradition in the Republic of Serbia. In the past period, agricultural cooperative passed through various stages of development and operation, with ups and downs, both in its organization, and in material development. The goal of this study is to determine the state of cooperatives in Serbia. In this regard, following indicators and parameters were analyzed: the number, structure and main activity of agricultural cooperatives, types of services that cooperatives provide to their members, participation of agricultural cooperatives in the purchase of products, cooperative property, financial results, cooperative audits, and cooperative staff training. The sources of data were obtained using the methods of interviewing some 30 % of active cooperatives in RS, through interviews and participatory methods of participation through workshops and groups of practicing students

The KHOLOD Experiment: A Search for a New Population of Radio Sources

Published data from long-term observations of a strip of sky at declination +5 degrees carried out at 7.6 cm on the RATAN-600 radio telescope are used to estimate some statistical properties of radio sources. Limits on the sensitivity of the survey due to noise imposed by background sources, which dominates the radiometer sensitivity, are refined. The vast majority of noise due to background sources is associated with known radio sources (for example, from the NVSS with a detection threshold of 2.3 mJy) with normal steep spectra ({\alpha} = 0.7-0.8, S \propto {\nu}^{- \alpha}), which have also been detected in new deep surveys at decimeter wavelengths. When all such objects are removed from the observational data, this leaves another noise component that is observed to be roughly identical in independent groups of observations. We suggest this represents a new population of radio sources that are not present in known catalogs at the 0.6 mJy level at 7.6 cm. The studied redshift dependence of the number of steep-spectrum objects shows that the sensitivity of our survey is sufficient to detect powerful FRII radio sources at any redshift, right to the epoch of formation of the first galaxies. The inferred new population is most likely associated with low-luminosity objects at redshifts z < 1. In spite of the appearance of new means of carrying out direct studies of distant galaxies, searches for objects with very high redshifts among steep and ultra-steep spectrum radio sources remains an effective method for studying the early Universe.Comment: 13 pages, 10 figure

MAIN MEASURES TO PREVENT «ATYPICAL PNEUMONIA» IMPORTATION AND DISSEMINATION AT IRKUTSKAYA PROVINCE TERRITORY

Organizing, preventive and anti-epidemic measures performed at the territory of Irkutskaya Province at the period of acute severe respiratory syndrome outbreak in the world are analyzed. The current experience  will be used for improvement of the epidemiological surveillance to polish tactics of the preventive and anti-epidemic measures in case of a suspected «atypical pneumonia» patient detection

RC J0311+0507: A Candidate for Superpowerful Radio Galaxies in the Early Universe at Redshift z=4.514

A strong emission line at 6703A has been detected in the optical spectrum for the host galaxy (R=23.1) of the radio source RC J0311+0507 (4C+04.11). This radio galaxy, with a spectral index of 1.31 in the frequency range 365-4850 MHz, is one of the ultrasteep spectrum objects from the deep survey of a sky strip conducted with RATAN-600 in 1980-1981. We present arguments in favor of the identification of this line with Ly\alpha at redshift z=4.514. In this case, the object belongs to the group of extremely distant radio galaxies of ultrahigh radio luminosity (P_{1400}=1.3 x 10^{29}W Hz^{-1}). Such power can be provided only by a fairly massive black hole (~10^9M_\sun}) that formed in a time less than the age of the Universe at the observed z(1.3 Gyr) or had a primordial origin.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure

Похідні [(N-арил)піперазиніл]бутилпіримідинів, які володіють нейротропними та актопротекторними властивостями

In this study the potential ligands of 5-HT1A receptors – arylpiperazines containing the residues of tetrahydropyrimidine as terminal fragments, compounds (1-6) and dihydropyrimidine – (7) have been synthesized. The structures of compounds 1-7 have been confi rmed by IR-spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and 1H-NMR-spectroscopy. Substances 2, 3, 4 and 7 inhibit the specifi c binding of the radioligand [3H]8-OH-DPAT with 5-HT1A receptors; it has been found that they have a pronounced affi nity for these receptors. In the confl ict situation test compounds of 1-5 and 7 showed anxiolytic properties, whereas phenylpiperazinil- and о-tolylpiperazinilbutyl-4-methyl-5-izopropyl-1,2,3,-6-tetrahydropyrimidine-2-thio-6-ones (1 and 2) exceeded the known drug buspirone by the level of the anxiolytic activity. The absence of this activity in compound 6 is probably due to the differences of substituents at N1 atom of the pyrimidine nucleus of compound 6 and other compounds of this series. It has been shown that on the model of hyperthermia all of these compounds in the dose range of 0.04-0.1 mg/kg possessed a high actoprotective activity increased the rat capacity work by 1.4-2.5 times compared to the control. The most active compound 3 in the ED50 dose of 0.04 mg/kg increased the duration of swimming in rats by 2.2 times (122%) compared to bemithylum. Some of the compounds (15 mg/kg) showed antihypoxic activity on the models of hemic (compounds 2-4, 7) and normobaric hypoxia (compounds 1, 2, 6) and exceeded bemithylym (33.5 mg/kg) by their activity. The compounds synthesized are low toxic with the LD50 value of 150-250 mg/kg.Синтезированы потенциальные лиганды 5-НТ1А рецепторов – арилпиперазины, содержащие в качестве терминальных фрагментов остатки тетрагидропиримидинов, соединения (1-6) и дигидропиримидина (7). Структуры соединений 1-7 были подтверждены методами ИК-спектроскопии, масс-спектрометрии и спектроскопии 1Н-ЯМР. Вещества 2, 3, 4 и 7 ингибировали специфическое связывание радиолиганда [3H]8-OH-DPAT с 5-НТ1А рецепторами и обладали аффинитетом к этим рецепторам. По тесту конфликтной ситуации соединения 1-5 и 7 проявили анксиолитические свойства. При этом фенилпиперазинил- и о-толилпиперазинилбутил-4-метил-5-изо-пропил-1,2,3-6-тетрагидропиримидин-2-тио-6-оны (1 и 2) по уровню анксиолитической активности превзошли известный препарат буспирон. Отсутствие этого вида активности у соединения 6, по-видимому, обусловлено различием заместителей у атома N1 пиримидинового ядра соединения 6 и остальных соединений этого ряда. Изучение актопротекторной активности в условиях гипертермии показало, что соединения 1-7 по продолжительности плавания превосходили препарат сравнения бемитил. Для всех соединений были определены дозы ЕД50, которые находились в интервале от 0,04 до 1,0 мг/кг. Самое активное соединение 3 в дозе ЕД50 0,04 мг/кг в 2,2 раза (на 122%) увеличивает продолжительность плавания крыс по сравнению с бемитилом. Некоторые соединения в дозе 15 мг/кг проявили антигипоксическую активность на моделях гемической (соединения 2-4, 7) и нормобарической гипоксии (соединения 1, 2, 6) и превосходили по активности бемитил (33,5 мг/кг). Синтезированные соединения малотоксичны, значения их LD50 – 150-250 мг/кгСинтезовані потенційні ліганди 5-НТ1А рецепторів – арилпіперазини, які в якості термінальних фрагментів мали залишки тетрагідропіримідинів, сполуки (1-6) та дигідропримідину (7). Структури сполук1-7 були підтверджені методами ІЧ-спектроскопії, мас-спектрометрії та спектроскопії 1Н-ЯМР. Речовини 2, 3, 4 та 7 інгібували специфічне зв’язування радіоліганду [3H]8-OH-DPAT з 5-НТ1А рецепторами і мають виразний афінітет до цих рецепторів. За тестом конфліктної ситуації сполуки 1-5 та 7 проявили анксіолітичні властивості. При цьому фенілпіперазиніл- та о-олілпіперазинілбутил-4-метил-5-ізо-пропіл-1,2,3-6-тетрагідропіримідин-2-тіо-6-они (1 та 2) за рівнем анксіолітичної активності пе-ревершили відомий препарат буспірон. Відсутність цього виду активності у сполуки 6, мабуть, обумовлена відмінністю замісників у атома N1 піримідинового ядра сполуки 6 та решти сполук цього ряду. Вивчення актопротекторної активності в умовах гіпертермії показало, що всі сполуки за тривалістю плавання перевищували препарат порівняння бемітил. Для всіх сполук були визначені дози ЕД50, які знаходились в інтервалі від 0,04 до 1,0 мг/кг. Показано, що найбільш активною серед вивчених речовин була сполука 3, яка в дозі ЕД50 0,04 мг/кг у 2,2 рази (на 122%) збільшувала тривалість плавання щурів порівняно з бемітилом. Деякі сполуки у дозі 15 мг/кг проявили антигіпоксичну активність на моделях гемічної (сполуки 2-4, 7) та нормобаричної гіпоксії (сполуки 1, 2, 6) і перевищували за активністю бемітил (33,5 мг/кг). Синтезовані сполуки є малотоксичними, значення їх LD50 – 150-250 мг/кг