Unleashing the Potential of Morphing Wings: A Novel Cost Effective Morphing Method for UAV Surfaces, Rear Spar Articulated Wing Camber

The implementation of morphing wing applications in aircraft design has sparked significant interest as it enables the dimensional properties of the aircraft to be modified during flight. By allowing manipulation of the 2D and 3D parameters on the aircraft’s wings, tail surfaces, or fuselage, a variety of possibilities have arisen. Two primary schools of thought have emerged in the field of morphing wing applications: the mechanisms school and the smart surfaces approach that uses shape-memory materials and smart actuators. Among the research in this field, the Fishbone Active Camber (FishBAC) approach has emerged as a promising avenue for controlling the deflection of the wing’s trailing edge. This study revisits previous research on morphing wings and the FishBAC concept, evaluates the current state of the field, and presents an original design process flow that includes the design of a unique and innovative UAV called the Stingray within the scope of the study. A novel morphing concept developed for the Stingray UAV, Rear Spar Articulated Wing Camber (RSAWC), employs a fishbone-like morphing wing rib design with rear spar articulation in a cost-effective manner. The design process and flight tests of the RSAWC are presented and directly compared with a conventional wing. Results are evaluated based on performance, weight, cost, and complexity. Semi-empirical data from the flight testing of the concept resulted in approximately a 19% flight endurance increment. The study also presents future directions of research on the RSAWC concept to guide the researchers

Exergetic analysis of an aircraft turbofan engine

WOS: 000250813800003The main objective of the present study is to perform an exergy analysis of a turbofan kerosene-fired engine with afterburner (AB) at sea level and an altitude of 11000 m. The main components of this engine include a fan, a compressor, a combustion chamber, a turbine, an AB and an exhaust. Exergy destructions in each of the engine components are determined, while exergy efficiency values for both altitudes are calculated. The AB unit is found to have the highest exergy destruction with 48.1% of the whole engine at the sea level, followed by the exhaust, the combustion chamber and the turbine amounting to 29.7, 17.2 and 2.5%, respectively. The corresponding exergy efficiency values for the four components on the product/fuel basis are obtained to be 59.9, 65.6, 66.7 and 88.5%, while those for the whole engine at the sea level and an altitude of 11000 m are calculated to be 66.1 and 54.2%. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Letter from the guest editors

According to the International Civil Aviation Organization, the world aviation air traffic has grown by an average yearly rate of 5% over the last thirty years, until the devastating downturn brought on by the COVID crisis of 2020. Regardless of the current situation, there are still a number of issues and challenges that the industry is confronted with, not the least of which are related to sustainability, the conversion to electrical usage, the challenge of increasing propulsion efficiency in conventional propulsion, the digital transformation of the entire ecosystem, etc. In response, system developers and researchers in the field are working on a number of key technologies and methodologies to solve some of these issues. The Sustainable Aviation Research Society (SARES), a global organization that seeks to encourage research in this area and helps disseminate knowledge via conferences and symposia, has been organizing meetings to promote sustainable aviation over the five years. Three of these are the International Symposium on Sustainable Aviation (ISSA), International Symposium on Electric Aviation and Autonomous Systems (ISEAS), and the International Symposium on Aircraft Technology, MRO, and Operations (ISATECH)

Dynamic energy and exergy analyses of an industrial cogeneration system

WOS: 000275607000004The study deals with the energetic and exergetic analyses of a cogeneration (combined heat and power, CHP) system installed in a ceramic factory, located in Izmir, Turkey. This system has three gas turbines with a total capacity of 13 MW, six spray dryers and two heat exchangers. In the analysis, actual operational data over one-month period are utilized. The so-called CogeNNexT code is written in C++ and developed to analyze energetic and exergetic data from a database. This code is also used to analyze turbines, spray dryers and heat exchangers in this factory. Specifications of some parts of system components have been collected from the factory. Based on the 720 h data pattern (including 43 200 data), the mean energetic and exergetic efficiency values of the cogeneration system are found to be 82.3 and 34.7%, respectively. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Eskisehir Osmangazi UniversityEskisehir Osmangazi University; Anadolu UniversityAnadolu University; Ege UniversityEge UniversityContract/grant sponsor: Eskisehir Osmangazi University Contract/grant sponsor: Anadolu University Contract/grant sponsor: Ege Universit

Exergoeconomic analysis of an aircraft turbofan engine

WOS: 000267086200001This study deals with an exergoeconomic analysis of an aircraft turbofan engine utilising the kerosene as fuel. A new parameter is developed to define the trust cost rate. The cost of exergy destruction, the relative cost difference and the exergoeconomic factor are investigated. The variation of the relative cost difference and exergoeconomic factor according to the operating and maintenance costs and the annual operating hour are also studied. For a high by-pass and high thrust rated engine, the cost rate of thrust is obtained to be 304.35 $(hkN)(-1) for the hot thrust and 138.96$(hkN)(-1) for the cold thrust, respectively

Application of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method to exergy analysis of thermodynamic systems

8th International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications -- DEC 13-15, 2009 -- Miami Beach, FLWOS: 000291011600112Exergy is a way to sustainable development and may be defined as the maximum theoretical useful work, while exergy analysis identifies the sources, the magnitude and the causes of thermodynamic inefficiencies within each system component. By using the ANN, exergy results can be obtained easily including closer results. The results were solved by CogeNNexT code developed by authors and Fast ANN (FANN) Library is implemented to this C++ code. The main objective of the present study is namely (i) to apply the ANN method to exergy analysis of thermodynamic systems by presenting the performance of the ANN method and (ii) to emphasize the definition of ANN inputs. It may be concluded that most of thermodynamic systems can be trained and analyzed by using the ANN method. It is expected that this study would be very beneficial to those dealing with the intelligent systems of the future.IEEE SMCS, Cal State Univ, Assoc Machine Learning & Appl, Univ Louisvill

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Karakoc, Tahir Hikmet Hikmet/0000-0001-8182-8667;WOS: 000348028600001[No abstract available

Reducing the fuel consumption and emissions with the use of an external fuel cell hybrid power unit for electric taxiing at airports

Airport ground operations have a great impact on the environment. Various innovative solutions have been proposed for aircraft to perform taxi movements by deactivating their main engines. Although these solutions are environmentally beneficial, onboard and external electric taxiing solutions that are actively used and planned to be used in airports are not completely carbon-free. The disadvantages of the existing solutions can be alle-viated by using an external fuel cell hybrid power unit to meet the energy required for taxiing that does not put additional weight on the aircraft. To reveal the power and energy required by the system, Airbus A320-200, which is a narrow-body aircraft and frequently used in airports, has been considered in this study. To determine the physical re-quirements of the aircraft for taxiing, a total of 900 s taxi-out movement consisting of four different periods with different runway slope, headwind, and maximum speeds were examined. According to the determined physical requirements, the conceptual design of the proposed fuel cell battery system was created and the physical data of the system for each period were obtained using the Matlab Simulink environment. As a result of the simulation, it is seen that the system consumes approximately 1.96 g of hydrogen per second. In addition, it has been calculated that 578.34 kg of CO2 is emitted during the taxi -out movement. The results also show that as a result of using the proposed system, approximately 14.6 million tons of CO2 emission per year can be prevented.(c) 2022 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC

Energetic and exergetic performance assessment of a turboprop engine at various loads

Karakoc, Tahir Hikmet Hikmet/0000-0001-8182-8667;WOS: 000328571400007It is necessary to understand the mechanisms that have enabled improvements of performance parameters such as thermodynamics efficiencies, thrust or power, specific fuel consumption and specific power in aero engines, thus reducing environmental impact. in this study, a thermodynamic analysis of a turboprop engine is performed at full and partial load conditions. the maximum overall and exergy efficiencies of the turboprop are found to be 30.7 and 29.2%, respectively. the minimum specific fuel consumption and maximum shaft power are found to be 0.2704 kg (kWh)(-1) and 1948 shp at maximum load, respectively. More important, the optimum functional load conditions of the engine are observed at higher loads. the results from this study are expected to assist propeller aero-engine design work, where the first and second laws provide a more comprehensive assessment of performance, allowing the turboprop engine concept to be better tailored to specific types of regional transport aircraft.Anadolu University, EskisehirAnadolu University; Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, TurkeyRecep Tayyip Erdogan UniversityThe authors are grateful for the support provided for the present work by Anadolu University, Eskisehir and Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey. They also would like to express their appreciation to TUSAS Engine Industries (TEI) and TUAF in Eskisehir city of Turkey for full support throughout the preparation of this study, while they would like to thank the reviewers for their valuable comments, which helped in increasing the quality of the paper