18,764 research outputs found
Large-scale exact diagonalizations reveal low-momentum scales of nuclei
Ab initio methods aim to solve the nuclear many-body problem with controlled
approximations. Virtually exact numerical solutions for realistic interactions
can only be obtained for certain special cases such as few-nucleon systems.
Here we extend the reach of exact diagonalization methods to handle model
spaces with dimension exceeding on a single compute node. This allows
us to perform no-core shell model (NCSM) calculations for 6Li in model spaces
up to and to reveal the 4He+d halo structure of this
nucleus. Still, the use of a finite harmonic-oscillator basis implies
truncations in both infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV) length scales. These
truncations impose finite-size corrections on observables computed in this
basis. We perform IR extrapolations of energies and radii computed in the NCSM
and with the coupled-cluster method at several fixed UV cutoffs. It is shown
that this strategy enables information gain also from data that is not fully UV
converged. IR extrapolations improve the accuracy of relevant bound-state
observables for a range of UV cutoffs, thus making them profitable tools. We
relate the momentum scale that governs the exponential IR convergence to the
threshold energy for the first open decay channel. Using large-scale NCSM
calculations we numerically verify this small-momentum scale of finite nuclei.Comment: Minor revisions.Accepted for publication in Physical Review
Measuring non-Gaussian fluctuations through incoherent Cooper pair current
We study a Josephson junction (JJ) in the regime of incoherent Cooper pair
tunneling, capacitively coupled to a nonequilibrium noise source. The
current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of the JJ are sensitive to the excess
voltage fluctuations in the source, and can thus be used for wide-band noise
detection. Under weak driving, the odd part of the I-V can be related to the
second cumulant of noise, whereas the even part is due to the third cumulant.
After calibration, one can measure the Fano factors for the noise source, and
get information about the frequency dependence of the noise.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
DPTC -- an FPGA-based trace compression
Recording of flash-ADC traces is challenging from both the transmission
bandwidth and storage cost perspectives. This paper presents a
configuration-free lossless compression algorithm which addresses both
limitations, by compressing the data on-the-fly in the controlling
field-programmable gate array (FPGA). Thus the difference predicted trace
compression (DPTC) can easily be used directly in front-end electronics. The
method first computes the differences between consecutive samples in the
traces, thereby concentrating the most probable values around zero. The values
are then stored as groups of four, with only the necessary least-significant
bits in a variable-length code, packed in a stream of 32-bit words. To evaluate
the efficiency, the storage cost of compressed traces is modeled as a baseline
cost including the ADC noise, and a cost for pulses that depends on their
amplitude and width. The free parameters and the validity of the model are
determined by comparing it with the results of compressing a large set of
artificial traces with varying characteristics. The compression method was also
applied to actual data from different types of detectors, thereby demonstrating
its general applicability. The compression efficiency is found to be comparable
to popular general-purpose compression methods, while available for FPGA
implementation using limited resources. A typical storage cost is around 4 to 5
bits per sample. Code for the FPGA implementation in VHDL and for the CPU
decompression routine in C of DPTC are available as open source software, both
operating at multi-100 Msamples/s speeds.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figure
Coherent current transport in wide ballistic Josephson junctions
We present an experimental and theoretical investigation of coherent current
transport in wide ballistic superconductor-two dimensional electron
gas-superconductor junctions. It is found experimentally that upon increasing
the junction length, the subharmonic gap structure in the current-voltage
characteristics is shifted to lower voltages, and the excess current at
voltages much larger than the superconducting gap decreases. Applying a theory
of coherent multiple Andreev reflection, we show that these observations can be
explained in terms of transport through Andreev resonances.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Structure and kinematics of the molecular spiral arms in M51
Mapping of the CO(1-0) emission from the spiral galaxy was made with the Onsala 20 m antenna. The observations show that the emission is considerably enhanced in spiral arms which appear to originate as intense ridges of emission about 1 kpc from the nucleus. One of the main objectives for the 1986 observations was to study the variations of the tangential velocity component of molecular gas across a spiral arm. The radial velocity was found to have a velocity shift similar to that predicted by the density wave theory. The present (1986) observations of the inner southern spiral arm of M51 show that the tangential velocity component also behaves in a way which conforms with the density wave model. The molecular arms were compared with the H alpha ionized gas arms of Tully (1974) and it was found that the ionized gas appears to have its maximum intensity slightly outside the molecular arm
Optical Versus Mid-Infrared Spectroscopic Classification of Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies
The origin of huge infrared luminosities of ultraluminous infrared galaxies
(ULIGs) is still in question. Recently, Genzel et al. made mid-infrared (MIR)
spectroscopy of a large number of ULIGs and found that the major energy source
in them is massive stars formed in the recent starburst activity; i.e.,
70% -- 80% of the sample are predominantly powered by the starburst. However,
it is known that previous optical spectroscopic observations showed that the
majority of ULIGs are classified as Seyferts or LINERs (low-ionization nuclear
emission-line regions). In order to reconcile this difference, we compare types
of emission-line activity for a sample of ULIGs which have been observed in
both optical and MIR. We confirm the results of previous studies that the
majority of ULIGs classified as LINERs based on the optical emission-line
diagnostics turn to be starburst-dominated galaxies based on the MIR ones.
Since the MIR spectroscopy can probe more heavily-reddened, inner parts of the
ULIGs, it is quite unlikely that the inner parts are powered by the starburst
while the outer parts are powered by non-stellar ionization sources. The most
probable resolution of this dilemma is that the optical emission-line nebulae
with the LINER properties are powered predominantly by shock heating driven by
the superwind activity; i.e., a blast wave driven by a collective effect of a
large number of supernovae in the central region of galaxy mergers.Comment: 15 pages, 2 tables, and 3 eps figures. The Astrophysical Journal
(Part 1), in pres
Separating spatial and temporal variations in auroral electric and magnetic fields by Cluster multipoint measurements
International audienceCluster multipoint measurements of the electric and magnetic fields from a crossing of auroral field lines at an altitude of 4RE are used to show that it is possible to resolve the ambiguity of temporal versus spatial variations in the fields. We show that the largest electric fields (of the order of 300mV/m when mapped down to the ionosphere) are of a quasi-static nature, unipolar, associated with upward electron beams, stable on a time scale of at least half a minute, and located in two regions of downward current. We conclude that they are the high-altitude analogues of the intense return current/black auroral electric field structures observed at lower altitudes by Freja and FAST. In between these structures there are temporal fluctuations, which are shown to likely be downward travelling Alfvén waves. The periods of these waves are 20-40s, which is not consistent with periods associated with either the Alfvénic ionospheric resonator, typical field line resonances or substorm onset related Pi2 oscillations. The multipoint measurements enable us to estimate a lower limit to the perpendicular wavelength of the Alfvén waves to be of the order of 120km, which suggests that the perpendicular wavelength is similar to the dimension of the region between the two quasi-static structures. This might indicate that the Alfvén waves are ducted within a wave guide, where the quasi-static structures are associated with the gradients making up this waveguide
Dynamic parity recovery in a strongly driven Cooper-pair box
We study a superconducting charge qubit coupled to an intensive
electromagnetic field and probe changes in the resonance frequency of the
formed dressed states. At large driving strengths, exceeding the qubit
energy-level splitting, this reveals the well known Landau-Zener-Stuckelberg
(LZS) interference structure of a longitudinally driven two-level system. For
even stronger drives we observe a significant change in the LZS pattern and
contrast. We attribute this to photon-assisted quasiparticle tunneling in the
qubit. This results in the recovery of the qubit parity, eliminating effects of
quasiparticle poisoning and leads to an enhanced interferometric response. The
interference pattern becomes robust to quasiparticle poisoning and has a good
potential for accurate charge sensing.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
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