New Genetic Markers for Molecular Typing of Bacillus anthracis Strains

Objective: Identification of new markers for the molecular typing of Bacillus anthracis. Materials and methods. The genomes of 16 B. anthracis strains from the collection of the Stavropol Research Anti-Plague Institute, 11 B. anthracis strains and 5 strains of Bacillus cereus from GenBank were investigated. The methods of in vitro and in silico analysis of canonical and whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), genome regions with variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) were used for the analysis. Results and discussion. It has been established that there are deletions and (or) SNPs in some of B. anthracis strains of the main genetic lineage B, within the homologous genes of the tri-cistronic operon gerH, which encodes spore germination proteins. gerA genes contain the Bams34 VNTR locus, the sizes of genes in different strains vary due to the different number of tandem repeats and the presence of indels, which suggests the variability of GerA spore germination proteins. In the area of reverse primer annealing, some of them have several SNPs or deletions, which makes impossible PCR amplification of the Bams34 locus. Previously not described VNTR locus, SNPs and indels in sequences of plasmids pXO1 and pXO2, as well as SNP in chromosomal gene of glycerol-3-phosphate transporter were identified. Two pairs of PCR primers for the variable regions of the plasmids were designed. VNTR-locus, SNP and indels in sequences of plasmids pXO1 and pXO2 are suitable genetic markers for the differentiation of typical virulent diplasmid strains belonging to the main genetic lineages of B. anthracis A, B and C. The allele T of SNP within chromosomal glpT gene is specific for one of two strains isolated during the outbreak of anthrax and distinguishes it from all other strains of B. anthracis

Клинический случай идиопатического легочного фиброза на фоне коморбидной патологии

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is one of the most common diseases in the group of interstitial lung diseases, which is characterized by persistent progression and poor prognosis. Over the past decade, experts have made significant progress in developing a diagnostic algorithm for IPF patients. This algorithm includes analysis of clinical, laboratory, and instrumental data, primarily the results of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). Precise adherence to the diagnostic algorithm and correct interpretation of HRCT data are prerequisites for IPF diagnosis.Specialists of the Tomsk region have developed routing of patients with suspected IPF. The presented clinical case is a successful example of adhering to this algorithm. Wide implementation of modern diagnostic algorithms into diagnosis and treatment of IPF and quality improvement of imaging methods, primarily HRCT, carried out as a part of the differential diagnosis, open up prospects for early diagnosis of this pathology. A timely prescribed antifibrotic therapy (nintedanib, pirfenidone) in IPF allows to slow down pathological progression and improves the prognosis.Идиопатический легочный фиброз (ИЛФ) относится к наиболее распространенным заболеваниям из группы интерстициальных заболеваний легких и характеризуется неуклонным прогрессированием и неблагоприятным прогнозом. В течение последнего десятилетия был достигнут значительный прогресс в разработке диагностического алгоритма для пациентов с ИЛФ, предполагающий анализ клинических, лабораторных и инструментальных данных, прежде всего, результатов компьютерной томографии высокого разрешения (КТВР). Точное следование алгоритму диагностики и правильная интерпретация данных КТВР являются необходимым условием для постановки диагноза ИЛФ.В Томской области разработана маршрутизация больных с подозрением на ИЛФ. Примером успешного следования этому алгоритму является представленный клинический случай. Широкое внедрение в лечебно-диагностический процесс современных алгоритмов диагностики ИЛФ и повышение качества визуализационных методов, прежде всего КТВР, проводимые в рамках дифференциального диагноза, открывают перспективы ранней диагностики данного патологического процесса, а своевременно назначенная антифибротическая терапия (нинтеданиб, пирфенидон) при ИЛФ позволяет замедлить прогрессирование патологического процесса и улучшить прогноз

BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES AND MOLECULAR-GENETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF BACILLUS ANTHRACIS STRAINS, ISOLATED DURING THE OUTBREAK OF ANTHRAX IN THE YAMALO-NENETS AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT IN 2016

Objective of the study was to identify phenotypic properties and genetic peculiarities of Bacillus anthracis strains, isolated during the outbreak of anthrax in the territory of Yamal in 2016. Materials and methods. Investigated were the strains of anthrax agent, applying basic and subsequent identification tests and canSNP-, MLVA-genotyping methods and whole genome sequencing. Results and conclusions. The results showed the identity of the phenotypic properties, canSNPand MLVA25-genotypes, and profiles of whole genome-sequencing, regardless of the source of the strains isolation. Confirmed was a common source of human infection. Defined were phylogenetic interrelations of the tested strains and their position in global B. anthracis population. For the first time ever explored was variability of the gene pattern, associated with pathogenicity, and demonstrated – the efficiency of the proposed algorithm for genetic typing

ИТОГИ ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЯ ЕДИНОЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ СИСТЕМЫ КОНТРОЛЯ И УЧЕТА ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНЫХ ДОЗ ОБЛУЧЕНИЯ ГРАЖДАН РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ ПО ДАННЫМ ЗА 2014 Г.

The article presents the outcomes of the generalized analysis of personnel, patients and population radiation doses information obtained from the Unified System of Individual Dose Control (USIDC) for 2014. The analysis is conducted on the basis of the annual information from the forms of Federal State Statistical Observation No.1-DOZ, No.2-DOZ, No.3-DOZ and No.4-DOZ. The information is submitted by the organizations and territories accountable to Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being – ROSPOTREBNADZOR.According to No. 1-DOZ data the total number of organizations which submitted the information about personnel dose exposure in 2014 amounted to 16424, with the total headcount of 130688 employees. The average radiation dose of group A personnel was 1,13 mSv/annum. The collective personnel radiation doze totalled 132,5 man-Sv/annum.According to No.3-DOZ data 261 mln X-ray diagnostics were conducted in Russian Federation in 2014. The average medical radiation dose per capita was 0,46 mSv/annum and collective population dose was 66883.4 man-Sv/annum. Computer tomography makes the highest contribution into collective population radiation dose (40,3% ).According to the forms of statistical reporting No. 4-DOZ for 2014 in Russian Federation the population’s average effective dose from natural ionizing radiation sources amounted to 3.48 mSv/annum. The population’s annual effective radiation dose from natural sources of ionizing radiation includes about 59% of radon isotopes and progeny. In 2014 the data was submitted about job-specific doses of 5651 employees from 50 enterprises located in 18 regions of Russia. The values of job-specific radiation of these enterprises’ employees ranged between 0.01 and 3,42 mSv/annum.The article includes the Annexes with final generalized forms of Unified System of Individual Dose Control based on the forms of statistical observations No. 1-, 2- and 4-DOZ.В статье представлены результаты обобщенного анализа сведений о дозах облучения персонала, пациентов и населения, полученных по данным Единой государственной системы контроля и учета индивидуальных доз облучения граждан РФ (ЕСКИД) за 2014 г. Анализ выполнен на основе ежегодных сведений, содержащихся в формах федерального государственного статистического наблюдения № 1-ДОЗ, № 2-ДОЗ, № 3-ДОЗ и № 4-ДОЗ и представленных организациями и территориями, подотчетными Роспотребнадзору.По данным формы № 1-ДОЗ, общее число организаций, представивших сведения по дозам облучения персонала в 2014 г., составляло 16 424, а численность персонала – 130 688 человек. Средняя доза облучения персонала группы А составила 1,13 мЗв/год. Коллективная доза облучения персонала составила 132,5 чел.-Зв/год.По данным формы № 3-ДОЗ, в Российской Федерации в 2014 г. проведено 261 млн рентгено-диагностических процедур. Средняя доза медицинского облучения в расчете на одного жителя составила 0,46 мЗв/год, а коллективная доза – 66883,4 чел.-Зв/год. Наибольший вклад в коллективную дозу (40,3%) вносит компьютерная томография.Средняя по Российской Федерации годовая эффективная доза облучения населения за счет природных источников ионизирующего излучения по данным форм статистической отчетности № 4-ДОЗ за 2014 г. составила 3,48 мЗв/год. В структуре годовой эффективной дозы облучения населения природными источниками ионизирующего излучения около 59% приходится на облучения за счет изотопов радона и их дочерних продуктов. В 2014 г. были представлены данные о дозах производственного облучения 5651 работника 50 предприятий, расположенных на территории 18 регионов России. Значения доз производственного облучения работников этих предприятий находятся в диапазоне от 0,01 до 3,42 мЗв/год.В статье даны Приложения с итоговыми обобщенными формами ЕСКИД по формам статистического наблюдения № 1,3 и 4-ДОЗ

Incidence and Survival of Pediatric Soft Tissue Sarcomas in Moscow Region, Russian Federation, 2000–2009

The aim of the study was to assess the incidence and survival rates of soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) in children 0–14 years of age in Moscow Region, Russian Federation. The database of childhood population-based cancer registry of Moscow Region was used as a data source. Tumors were stratified according to International Classification of Childhood Cancer, 3d ed. Sixty-eight cases of STS were registered from 2000 to 2009. Crude incidence rate was 0,78, and age-standardized incidence rate using World Standard Population was 0,81 per 100.000 children/year. The highest age-specific incidence was observed in infants: 1,76 per 100.000 children/year. Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) was the most common histological type comprising 54,4% of all STS. 5-year observed survival (OS) of all patients with STS was 64,1 (95% CI 55,0–73,2). There was no statistically significant difference in OS between RMS—59,2 (95% CI 47,0–71,4) and nonrhabdomyosarcoma STS—69,3 (95% CI 55,8–82,8) (=0.63). Incidence and survival rates of STS observed in the study were comparable to the other Eastern European countries

Epidemiology of childhood lymphomas in Moscow region (population-based study)

The aim of the study was to analyze the main epidemiologic characteristics of lymphomas in children 0–14 years of age in Moscow Region (MR). The database of childhood population-based cancer registry of MR served as a data source. 136 cases of lymphomas were identified during 2000–2008 years. Hodgkin disease constitutes of 55.8 % of cases. Age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) of all types of lymphomas was 1.47 per 100,000 children. ASR of Hodgkin disease was 0.77 per 100,000 children; ASR of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas was 0.70 per 100,000 children. Distinct epidemiologic features of Hodgkin disease in different gender's and age groups were shown. 5-year observed survival (OS) of all patients with lymphomas was 0.83 ± 0.03. 5-year OS of patients with Hodgkin disease and non-Hodgkin lymphomas was 0.86 ± 0.04 and 0.80 ± 0.05 respectively.</p

Mass spectrometry analysis of protein blood extracts of animals with experimental brucellos

Aim. The aim of the present research was to study the possibility of direct detection of the causative agent of brucellosis in a biomaterial under experimental conditions via the MALDI-TOF MS method using Mass-Up program resources and a set of packages for open-source statistical software R. Materials and methods. We used laboratory mice infected with the causative agents of Brucellosis (strains B. melitensis 548, B. abortus 544, B. suis 1330) as models. Protein profiling was performed on a MALDI-TOF Microflex «Bruker Daltonics» mass spectrometer. Results. The bioinformatic-statistical approach used for analyzing MALDI-TOF mass spectra allows to carry out a direct detection of Brucella in the biomaterial; besides, it is possible to determinate their species via the identification of a group of biomarkers. Conclusion. It was experimentally confirmed that the protein profiles of the blood extracts of infected animals contain 11 markers, including 6 genus specific for Brucella spp., which can be associated with Brucella infection

Analysis of the Situation on Anthrax in 2019, the Forecast for 2020

The results of the analysis of epidemiological and epizootiological situation on anthrax in the Russian Federation and in the world in 2019 are presented in the paper. The forecast of morbidity rates in the Russian Federation for 2020 is made. In 2019, five cases of cutaneous anthrax were registered in the Russian Federation in two regions of the North Caucasian Federal District – Republic of Dagestan (4) and Stavropol Territory (1), which is two cases plus as compared to 2018. Outbreaks of infection among livestock animals and humans were recorded in such neighboring countries as Azerbaijan, Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. The unfavorable epizootiological situation on anthrax was observed almost everywhere. The highest incidence rates among wild and livestock animals were found in a number of countries in Asia and Africa. Anthrax among people was registered mainly in African countries, infection occurred mainly by alimentary route, less often – through contact with carcasses, meat of animals. Anthrax morbidity rates among animals and humans in the Russian Federation in 2020 will be largely determined by the completeness of registration and coverage with specific immunization of livestock animals and groups of people under professional risk of infection and, if measures are fully implemented, incidence will not exceed single cases