Translational selection on SHH genes

Codon usage bias has been observed in various organisms. In this study, the correlation between SHH genes expression in some tissues and codon usage features was analyzed by bioinformatics. We found that translational selection may act on compositional features of this set of genes

Dry Sliding-Friction and Wear Behavior of Hot-Extruded Al6061/Si3N4/Cf Hybrid Metal Matrix Composite.

The effects of reinforcement addition and hot extrusion on the microstructures, micro hardness, friction, and wear behavior of aluminium (Al) hybrid composite were investigated. Al6061 dispersed with electroless nickel-coated Si3N4 (6wt.%) and copper-coated carbon fiber (Cf) (1wt.%) hybrid composites was developed through stir casting followed by hot extrusion. Optical micro structural studies confirmed that the size of reinforcements decreased, and their orientations were in the extrusion direction. The decrease in the grain size (29%) of hybrid composites was larger than that in the grain size of matrix alloys under hot-extruded conditions. The synthesized hot-extruded Al6061 hybrid composite exhibited a lower coefficient of friction (51%) and high wear resistance (39%) compared with the hotextruded Al6061base alloy

A Promoter Operator for Defuzzification Methods

Abstract: In this paper, we first present an expansion of our previous work on fuzzy ranking ( Mag method). The extended approach can rank all normal and non-normal fuzzy numbers. Since we loose some information in many defuzzification methods, the obtained results are inaccurate and may be unreasonable. Therefore, in order to increase the ability of the defuzzification methods we also construct an operator so called promoter operator. It is based on the ambiguity of fuzzy numbers. Particularly, capability of the operator is considerable when two fuzzy numbers have identical centroid points or much more while they have the same ranking order. Additionally, a number of numerical examples illustrate the novel ranking approaches and the ability of promoter operator

A new approach for ranking of trapezoidal fuzzy numbers

AbstractRanking fuzzy numbers plays an very important role in linguistic decision making and some other fuzzy application systems. Several strategies have been proposed for ranking of fuzzy numbers. Each of these techniques have been shown to produce non-intuitive results in certain cases. In this paper, we will introduce a new approach for ranking of trapezoidal fuzzy numbers based on the left and the right spreads at some α-levels of trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. The calculation of the proposed method is far simpler and easier. Finally, some comparative examples are used to illustrate the advantage of the proposed method

A Theoretical Development on Fuzzy Distance Measure

Fuzzy distance measure is one of the most useful tools in applications. Many distance methods have been proposed so far. However, there is no method that can always give a satisfactory solution to every situation. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm to determine distance between two fuzzy numbers. The proposed method could be developed in n-dimentions. Finally, some numerical examples demonstrate the advantages of this method