3,145 research outputs found
Kinetics of copolymer localization at a selective liquid-liquid interface
The localization kinetics of a regular block-copolymer of total length
and block size at a selective liquid-liquid interface is studied in the
limit of strong segregation between hydrophobic and polar segments in the
chain. We propose a simple analytic theory based on scaling arguments which
describes the relaxation of the initial coil into a flat-shaped layer for the
cases of both Rouse and Zimm dynamics. For Rouse dynamics the characteristic
times for attaining equilibrium values of the gyration radius components
perpendicular and parallel to the interface are predicted to scale with block
length and chain length as (here
is the Flory exponent) and as ,
although initially the characteristic coil flattening time is predicted to
scale with block size as . Since typically for multiblock
copolymers, our results suggest that the flattening dynamics proceeds faster
perpendicular rather than parallel to the interface, in contrast to the case of
Zimm dynamics where the two components relax with comparable rate, and proceed
considerably slower than in the Rouse case.
We also demonstrate that, in the case of Rouse dynamics, these scaling
predictions agree well with the results of Monte Carlo simulations of the
localization dynamics. A comparison to the localization dynamics of {\em
random} copolymers is also carried out.Comment: 11 pages, 15 figure
Field - Driven Translocation of Regular Block Copolymers through a Selective Liquid - Liquid Interface
We propose a simple scaling theory describing the variation of the mean first
passage time (MFPT) of a regular block copolymer of chain length
and block size which is dragged through a selective liquid-liquid
interface by an external field . The theory predicts a non-Arrhenian
vs. relationship which depends strongly on the size of the blocks, , and
rather weakly on the total polymer length, . The overall behavior is
strongly influenced by the degree of selectivity between the two solvents
.
The variation of with and in the regimes of weak and
strong selectivity of the interface is also studied by means of computer
simulations using a dynamic Monte Carlo coarse-grained model. Good qualitative
agreement with theoretical predictions is found. The MFPT distribution is found
to be well described by a - distribution. Transition dynamics of ring-
and telechelic polymers is also examined and compared to that of the linear
chains.
The strong sensitivity of the ``capture'' time with respect to
block length suggests a possible application as a new type of
chromatography designed to separate and purify complex mixtures with different
block sizes of the individual macromolecules.Comment: 20 pages, 10 figure
On the basic mechanism of Pixelized Photon Detectors
A Pixelized Photon Detector (PPD) is a generic name for the semiconductor
devices operated in the Geiger-mode, such as Silicon PhotoMultiplier and
Multi-Pixel Photon Counter, which has high photon counting capability. While
the internal mechanisms of the PPD have been intensively studied in recent
years, the existing models do not include the avalanche process. We have
simulated the multiplication and quenching of the avalanche process and have
succeeded in reproducing the output waveform of the PPD. Furthermore our model
predicts the existence of dead-time in the PPD which has never been numerically
predicted. For serching the dead-time, we also have developed waveform analysis
method using deconvolution which has the potential to distinguish neibouring
pulses precisely. In this paper, we discuss our improved model and waveform
analysis method.Comment: 4pages, 5figures, To appear in the proceedings of 5th International
Conference on New Developments in Photodetection (NDIP08), Aix-les-Bains,
France, 15-20 Jun 200
Copolymer adsorption kinetics at a selective liquid-liquid interface: Scaling theory and computer experiment
We consider the adsorption kinetics of a regular block-copolymer of total
length and block size at a selective liquid-liquid interface in the
limit of strong localization. We propose a simple analytic theory based on
scaling considerations which describes the relaxation of the initial coil into
a flat-shaped layer. The characteristic times for attaining equilibrium values
of the gyration radius components perpendicular and parallel to the interface
are predicted to scale with chain length and block length as
(here is the Flory exponent)
and as , although initially the rate of coil
flattening is expected to decrease with block size as . Since
typically for multiblock copolymers, our results suggest that the
flattening dynamics proceeds faster perpendicular rather than parallel to the
interface. We also demonstrate that these scaling predictions agree well with
the results of extensive Monte Carlo simulations of the localization dynamics.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, submited to Europhys. Let
A New Approach to Epistemic Logic
A new language for epistemic logic is introduced in which the epis-
temic operators are of the form j x : x1 : : : xnj with the intended read-
ing
\x knows of x1 : : : xn that ...".
Analogously we can express \t knows of t1 : : : tn that ... ", where
t; t1 : : : tn are terms. An advantage of this approach is that we can
quantify on the agents, \every y knows of x1 : : : xn that A" or \some
expert knows of t1 : : : tn that A" can easily be expressed. The semantics we present for this language is a generalization of the transition semantics, called epistemic transition semantics in which the possible worlds are states of affairs compatible with the epistemic state of some agent. A calculus is presented and shown to be complete with respect to epistemic transition semantics
Patterns in high-frequency FX data: Discovery of 12 empirical scaling laws
We have discovered 12 independent new empirical scaling laws in foreign
exchange data-series that hold for close to three orders of magnitude and
across 13 currency exchange rates. Our statistical analysis crucially depends
on an event-based approach that measures the relationship between different
types of events. The scaling laws give an accurate estimation of the length of
the price-curve coastline, which turns out to be surprisingly long. The new
laws substantially extend the catalogue of stylised facts and sharply constrain
the space of possible theoretical explanations of the market mechanisms.Comment: 26 pages, 3 figures, 23 tables,2nd version (text made more concise
and readable, algorithm pseudocode, results unchanged), 5-year datasets
(USD-JPY, EUR-USD) provided at http://www.olsen.ch/more/datasets
Sequent Calculus in the Topos of Trees
Nakano's "later" modality, inspired by G\"{o}del-L\"{o}b provability logic,
has been applied in type systems and program logics to capture guarded
recursion. Birkedal et al modelled this modality via the internal logic of the
topos of trees. We show that the semantics of the propositional fragment of
this logic can be given by linear converse-well-founded intuitionistic Kripke
frames, so this logic is a marriage of the intuitionistic modal logic KM and
the intermediate logic LC. We therefore call this logic
. We give a sound and cut-free complete sequent
calculus for via a strategy that decomposes
implication into its static and irreflexive components. Our calculus provides
deterministic and terminating backward proof-search, yields decidability of the
logic and the coNP-completeness of its validity problem. Our calculus and
decision procedure can be restricted to drop linearity and hence capture KM.Comment: Extended version, with full proof details, of a paper accepted to
FoSSaCS 2015 (this version edited to fix some minor typos
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