227 research outputs found
Dynamics of multiple sexual signals in relation to climatic conditions
Question: Can trait-specific phenotypic plasticity in response to annual environmental variation lead to changes in the strength of sexual selection through the relative expression of sexual ornaments at the population level?
Data description: We recorded breeding dates and the sizes of white forehead and wing patches of male collared flycatchers (Ficedula albicollis) from 1998 to 2005 in a nestboxbreeding population in the Pilis Mountains, Hungary. As environmental predictors, we used the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index and local weather data, classified as direct or indirect effects relative to the moult of the given ornament.
Search method: First, we used general linear mixed models to assess environmental effects on the within-individual changes and absolute yearly sizes of forehead and wing patches. We then used similar models to determine whether the relative sizes of the two plumage traits at the population level varied among years. Finally, we used multiple regressions to establish if the relative yearly expression of an ornament affected standardized sexual selection gradients on this ornament in the given year.
Conclusions: Within-individual changes in forehead and wing patch size were predicted by the climate of their moulting season (winter and summer, respectively). There was also an indirect effect of previous winter climate on changes in wing patch size. Environmental effects on the absolute expression of ornaments at the population level followed the within-individual patterns. The relative population-level expression of forehead and wing patches fluctuated significantly among years. Sexual selection on a given ornament increased with its relative expression in that year
Fajgazdag szĆlĆsorköz-takarĂłnövĂ©nyzet magkeverĂ©kek vizsgĂĄlata Ă©s elĆzetes eredmĂ©nyei magyarorszĂĄgi szĆlĆĂŒltetvĂ©nyekben
Az utĂłbbi Ă©vtizedekben, a kertĂ©szeti kultĂșrĂĄkban is gyakran kerĂŒlnek elĆtĂ©rbe alternatĂv tĂĄjĂĄpolĂĄsi mĂłdszerek, mint pĂ©ldĂĄul a talajtakarĂĄs, vagy a takarĂłnövĂ©nyes talajĂĄpolĂĄs. Az ökolĂłgiai gazdĂĄlkodĂĄsban kĂŒlönöskĂ©ppen fontos szerepet jĂĄtszik a talaj termĂ©kenysĂ©gĂ©nek megĆrzĂ©se, a gazdag talajĂ©let fenntartĂĄsa, de ĂĄltalĂĄnossĂĄgban is megfigyelhetĆ bizonyos fokĂș szemlĂ©letvĂĄltĂĄs, miszerint a talajt nem pusztĂĄn termesztĆ közegnek kell tekinteni, hanem a termĂ©szet Ă©lettel teli rĂ©szĂ©nek, amelynek megĂłvĂĄsa, diverzitĂĄsĂĄnak, Ă©lĆvilĂĄgĂĄnak fenntartĂĄsa kertĂ©szti kultĂșrĂĄk mƱvelĂ©se mellett is lehetsĂ©ges, sĆt, kĂvĂĄnatos. A szĆlĆtermesztĂ©si ĂĄgazat esetĂ©n a talaj ĂĄpolĂĄsa, mint Ă©rtĂ©kmegĆrzĂ©si mĂłdszer, rendkĂvĂŒli jelentĆsĂ©ggel bĂr
Analysis of Public Transport Performance in Budapest, Hungary
In 2001 the European Commission defined the main rules of the expected changes of modal split in the White paper. Modal split is also a crucial question in urban areas, where transport has the greatest effects on living standards and environment. Due to the caused pollution, noise, health effects every stakeholder tries to make urban public transport as efficient as it is possible. This is a theoretical investigation which aims to analyze the production function of Budapest Public Transport in Hungary. In this paper the transport data of Budapest were used to create a model in which the effects of different production factors can be estimated and the public transport performance can be forecasted
KĂŒlönbözĆ tĂpusĂș gyepek makro- Ă©s mikroelem tartalmĂĄnak alakulĂĄsa a hasznosĂtĂĄsi gyakorisĂĄg fĂŒggvĂ©nyĂ©ben
HazĂĄnkban a juhok takarmĂĄnyozĂĄsa gyepre alapozott, vagyis a körĂŒlbelĂŒl 200 napos legeltetĂ©si idĂ©nyen kĂvĂŒli idĆszakban is zömĂ©ben a gyeprĆl betakarĂtott takarmĂĄnyt fogyasztjĂĄk az ĂĄllatok. A sok elĆny mellett vannak ĂĄllategĂ©szsĂ©gĂŒgyi vonatkozĂĄsai, esetleg kockĂĄzatai is a legelĆn valĂł tartĂĄsnak. KutatĂĄsunk fĆ cĂ©lkitƱzĂ©se volt, hogy megvizsgĂĄljuk kĂ©t eltĂ©rĆ vĂzellĂĄtottsĂĄgĂș (szĂĄraz Ă©s ĂŒde) terĂŒleten talĂĄlhatĂł gyeprĆl betakarĂtott takarmĂĄny makro- Ă©s mikroelem tartalmĂĄt. A vizsgĂĄlt alföldi elhelyezkedĂ©sƱ, szĂĄraz fekvĂ©sƱ gyep ĂĄsvĂĄnyianyag-tartalma hat elem esetĂ©ben (P, Mg, Cu, Zn, Mn, Na) nem Ă©rte el a juhok szĂĄmĂĄra szĂŒksĂ©ges mennyisĂ©get, több esetben mĂ©g a kĂvĂĄnt mennyisĂ©g felĂ©t sem szolgĂĄltatta a takarmĂĄny. Az ĂŒde fekvĂ©sƱ, mendei gyep a rĂ©z Ă©s a cink kivĂ©telĂ©vel a juhok egĂ©szsĂ©ges tĂĄplĂĄlĂĄsĂĄhoz elegendĆ ĂĄsvĂĄnyianyagot tartalmazott
Szabad- és micellåban kötött rövid poli(etilén-oxidok) konformåciójånak és transzporttulajdonsågainak vizsgålata = Short-chain poly(ethylene oxides) free and bound to micelles: study of conformation and transport properties
A kutatĂĄsaink sorĂĄn sokoldalĂș vizsgĂĄlat alĂĄ vettĂŒk az etoxilĂĄlt nonil-fenolok nagy gyakorlati jelentĆsĂ©ggel rendel- kezĆ anyagcsoportjĂĄt, amelyrĆl az irodalomban nagyon kevĂ©s közlemĂ©ny jelent meg, Ă©s amelyet modern kĂsĂ©rleti technikĂĄkkal nem vizsgĂĄltak, vagy ha vizsgĂĄltak, az eredmĂ©nyeket nem közöltĂ©k. Az eltĂ©rĆ mĂłdszerekkel kapott eredmĂ©nyek egymĂĄst erĆsĂtve adnak kĂ©pet az ENP micellĂĄk struktĂșrĂĄjĂĄrĂłl Ă©s diffĂșziĂłs tulajdonsĂĄgairĂłl. - Egy rigorĂłzus modell - közelĂtĆ - alkalmazĂĄsĂĄval Ă©rtelmeztĂŒk az etoxilĂĄlt nonil-fenol homolĂłgok keverĂ©keibĆl kĂ©szĂtett vizes oldatok sƱrƱsĂ©gĂ©t az oldatkoncentrĂĄciĂł Ă©s a keverĂ©k ĂĄtlagos etoxiszĂĄmĂĄnak fĂŒggvĂ©nyĂ©ben. - Dinamikus Ă©s sztatikus fĂ©nyszĂłrĂĄssal meghatĂĄroztuk a micellĂĄk diffĂșziĂłs ĂĄllandĂłjĂĄt, hidrodinamikai sugarĂĄt, ĂĄtla- gos aggregĂĄciĂłs szĂĄmĂĄt, mĂĄsodik viriĂĄl-egyĂŒtthatĂłjĂĄt. Ă©s a sĂșrlĂłdĂĄsi egyĂŒtthatĂł koncentrĂĄciĂłfĂŒggĂ©sĂ©t, amelybĆl sikeresen megjĂłsoltuk, hogy melyik etoxiszĂĄmnĂĄl vĂĄrhatĂł a viszkozitĂĄsban minimum. - Megmutattuk, hogy vĂ©gtelen hĂgĂtĂĄsban a fĂ©nyszĂłrĂĄs Ă©s NMR ekvivalens diffĂșziĂłs egyĂŒtthatĂłkhoz vezet. - MolekulĂĄris modellt kĂ©szĂtettĂŒnk a micellĂĄris oldatokbĂłl szĂĄrmazĂł kisszögƱ szĂłrĂĄsi spektrumok leĂrĂĄsĂĄra. A rönt- genspektrumok kiĂ©rtĂ©kelĂ©se a fĂ©nyszĂłrĂĄssal azonos aggregĂĄciĂłs szĂĄmokat eredmĂ©nyezett, az etoxi-szĂĄmok radi- ĂĄlis eloszlĂĄsĂĄhoz jĂłl illeszkedtek a dinamikus fĂ©nyszĂłrĂĄsbĂłl kapott hidrodinamikai sugarak. | Ethoxylated nonyl phenols have been studied by various experimental methods. The reason for the study was that very small number of publications were found in the literature and that the modern experimental methods were not applied at all. The results of the present study from different experimental techniques support one another providing a more reliable picture of the structure and diffusion of ENP micelles. -Solution density of mixtures formed by homologues of ethoxylated nonyl phenols was described in terms of solute concentratin and mean ethoxy number by the approximate version of a rigorous model. -Diffusion coefficient, hydrodynamic radius, aggregation number, second virial coefficiet and the concentration dependence of the friction coefficient of micelles were determined by dynamic and static light scattering. Based on the friction coefficient, the minimum location of the viscosity of the materials was succesfully predicted vs. the mean ethoxy number. -It was shown that NMR and dynamic light scattering lead to equivalent diffusion coefficients in infinite dilution -Molecular model was elaborated for describing small angle scattering patterns from micellar solutions. Evalua- tion of X-ray patterns resulted in aggregation numbers in good agreement with static light scattering results. Hydrodynamic radii from dynamic light scattering properly fit the radial distributions of the ethoxy groups
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