A differenciált pajzsmirigyrákban szenvedő betegek gyógyulási esélyei. Egy hazai centrum tapasztalatai = Recovery rate in differentiated thyroid cancer. Experiences of one of the Hungarian clinical centers

Absztrakt: Bevezetés és célkitűzés: Az elmúlt néhány évtizedben a differenciált pajzsmirigyrákot (DTC) világszerte jelentősen növekvő incidencia jellemezte. A betegek kezelésének alapelvei a nemzetközi irányelveknek megfelelően átalakulóban vannak. Munkánk célja a betegek jelenlegi gyógyulási esélyeinek felmérése volt. Módszer: Retrospektíven elemeztük a Pécsi Tudományegyetem I. Belgyógyászati Klinikáján 2005. január 1-je és 2016. május 1-je között kezelt 380, DTC-ben szenvedő beteg adatait. A nő/férfi arány 306/74 volt. A betegek medián életkora a diagnózis idején 46 év (13–86 év), míg a medián követési idő 55 hónap (0–144 hónap) volt. A terápiás válasz 337 beteg esetében volt értékelhető. A statisztikai feldolgozást az SPSS 22.0 verziójában végeztük. Eredmények: A papillaris (PTC) és a follicularis (FTC) carcinomák előfordulási aránya (79/21%) alapján a régió továbbra is mérsékelten jódhiányosnak tekintendő. A PTC-ben szenvedő betegek szignifikánsan fiatalabbak voltak FTC-ben szenvedő társaiknál, és korábbi tumorstádiumban kerültek felismerésre. A diagnózis idején PTC-ben 35%-ban nyirokcsomó-, 4%-ban távoli áttétet találtunk, FTC-ben ez az arány 15% (N1), illetve 14% (M1) volt. Radiojódkezelésre összesen 542 alkalommal került sor. PTC-ben a követett (n = 264) betegek 59%-a volt tumormentes, 20%-ban bizonytalan választ, 7%-ban inkomplett biokémiai választ és 14%-ban inkomplett strukturális választ diagnosztizáltunk, 6 beteg hunyt el. A FTC-ben szenvedő betegek (n = 73) 59%-a volt tumormentes, 10%-ban bizonytalan választ, 31%-ban residualis betegséget találtunk, a betegek 10%-át elveszítettük. Következtetések: Összefoglalva, bár a DTC jó prognózisú betegség, FTC-ben a betegek 31%-a, míg PTC-ben a betegek 14%-a nem volt tumormentessé tehető. A medián 55 hónapos követési idő alatt a betegségspecifikus halálozás FTC-ben 10%, PTC-ben pedig 2% volt. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(22): 878–887. | Abstract: Introduction and aim: The worldwide incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) has markedly increased during the last few decades. According to the international guidelines, principles of DTC management are in transformation. The aim of our work was to evaluate patients’ current likelihood of recovery. Method: Data of 380 patients treated between 1/Jan/2005 and 1/May/2016 at the PTE KK Ist Department of Internal Medicine were retrospectively analyzed. Female/male ratio was 306/74. Median age at diagnosis was 46 years (13–86 years), while median follow-up time was 55 months (0–144 months). Response to therapy was evaluable in 337 patients. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS (version 22.0). Results: Based on the prevalence of papillary (PTC) and follicular (FTC) carcinomas (79/21%), moderate iodine deficiency has to be considered in this region. PTC patients were significantly younger and were diagnosed in earlier tumor stage. The ratio of lymph node and distant metastases was 35%/4% in PTC and 15%/14% in FTC. Radioiodine treatment was performed in a total of 542 times. 264 patients with PTC were followed up. 59% of patients were tumor-free, in 20% uncertain response, in 7% incomplete biochemical response, in 14% incomplete structural response were diagnosed and 6 patients died. Patients with FTC (n = 73) were tumor-free in 59%, uncertain response was found in 10%, incomplete structural response was diagnosed in 31%, while 10% of the patients died. Conclusions: In summary, although DTC has a favorable prognosis, in 31% of FTC patients and in 14% of PTC patients, tumor-free status was not achieved. During the median 55-month follow-up period, the disease-specific mortality was 10% in FTC and 2% in PTC. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(22): 878–887

Pregnancy outcomes of women whom spouse fathered children after tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy for chronic myeloid leukemia : A systematic review

The introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has revolutionized the therapy of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Although the efficacy of TKIs is beyond dispute, conception-related safety issues are still waiting to be explored, particularly in males. This systematic review aimed to summarize all available evidence on pregnancy outcomes of female spouses of male CML patients who fathered children after TKI treatment for CML.We performed a systematic search in seven electronic databases for studies that reported on male CML patients who did or did not discontinue TKI treatment before conceiving, and the pregnancy outcomes of their female spouse are available. The search centered on the TKI era (from 2001 onward) without any other language or study design restrictions.Out of a total of 38 potentially eligible papers, 27 non-overlapping study cohorts were analyzed. All were descriptive studies (case or case series studies). Altogether, 428 pregnancies from 374 fathers conceived without treatment discontinuation, 400 of which (93.5%) ended up in a live birth. A total of ten offspring with a malformation (2.5%) were reported: six with imatinib (of 313 live births, 1.9%), two with nilotinib (of 26 live births, 7.7%), one with dasatinib (of 43 live births, 2.3%), and none with bosutinib (of 12 live births). Data on CML status were scarcely reported. Only nine pregnancies (from nine males) and no malformation were reported in males who discontinued TKI treatment before conception.Malformations affected, on average 2.5% of live births from fathers who did not discontinue TKI treatment before conception, which is comparable with the rate of malformations in the general population. Large-scale studies with representative samples are awaited to confirm our results

Effect of Linagliptin vs Placebo on Major Cardiovascular Events in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes and High Cardiovascular and Renal Risk

IMPORTANCE Type 2 diabetes is associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) risk. Prior trials have demonstrated CV safety of 3 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors but have included limited numbers of patients with high CV risk and chronic kidney disease

A prognosztikai faktorok értékelése differenciált pajzsmirigyrákban

Thyroid cancer is rare among human malignancies, account for approximately 1-2% of all malignancies, but it is the most frequent endocrine cancer. A new pathological classification was introduced in 2017 by the World Health Organization (WHO) (Table 1). Papillary (PTC) and follicular (FTC) thyroid cancers, also known as differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTC), belong to the primary thyroid tumors and derive from the thyroid follicular epithelial cells. The word ’differentiated’ refers to that the cancer cells look and act in some respects like normal thyroid cells. PTC and FTC account for more than 90% of all thyroid cancers. The DTC have a relatively good prognosis with proper treatment, the 10-year survival is above 90%, however, there are several cases in which rapid progression and poor outcome can be perceived. There is an urgent requirement to better understand biological behavior of thyroid cancers, and to find reliable prognostic factors. In the 2017 WHO classification, the borderline thyroid tumors have been distinguished for the first time {follicular tumor of uncertain malignant potential (FT-UMP), well differentiated tumor of uncertain malignant potential (WDT-UMP), noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary nuclear features (NIFTP)}. Borderline tumors are equivalent to carcinoma in situ in other organs. They are placed between follicular adenoma, follicular carcinoma or follicular variant of PTC. In the new classification 15 variants of PTC are described. Many of them have worse prognosis than the classical variant. The exact prognostic significance of the rare variants is not well-characterized. The Hobnail variant was introduced as a new entity. FTC are grouped being minimally invasive, angioinvasive and widely invasive. Hürthle-cell tumors are categorized as a separate entity. This category includes Hürthle-cell adenoma and Hürthle-cell carcinoma which were previously classified as oncocytic variants

Perceived stress correlates with visceral obesity and lipid parameters of the metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta- analysis

Background: Perceived stress has been proposed as a risk factor of metabolic syndrome. However, correlations between perceived stress and parameters of the metabolic syndrome have not been properly analyzed despite extensive research data on the topic. Our current meta-analysis aimed to examine the mutual association between perceived stress of patients and parameters of metabolic syndrome. Methods: This systematic review has been registered on the PROSPERO database (registration number CRD42017055293). Eligible studies divided participants based on their stress level or on the presence of metabolic syndrome. They reported at least one parameter of the metabolic syndrome or the stress level of the participants measured with some stress scale. Data from 17 articles met the eligibility criteria and were included. Random effects model with the DerSimonian and Laird weighting methods was applied. I-squared indicator and Q test were performed to assess heterogeneity. Results: Although the majority of individual studies failed to demonstrate correlations between stress and their analyzed parameters of metabolic syndrome, our meta-analysis showed a significant association between stress and BMI [average effect size (ES) with 95% confidence interval (95%CI), ES = 0.65, 95%CI 0.16, 1.14), waist circumference (ES = 1.84 cm, 95%CI 0.79, 2.89) and serum triglyceride level (ES = 7.52 mg/dl, 95%CI 0.07, 14.96). Additional analysis confirmed effects of stress on serum HDL (ES = -1.699 mg/dl, 95%CI -2.966, -0.432) and diastolic blood pressure (ES = 1.04 mmHg, 95%CI 0.18, 1.89). No correlations were found for fasting glucose or systolic blood pressure. No association between metabolic syndrome and stress level of patients was detected either. Conclusion: The potentially key role of visceral obesity in the association between perceived stress and dyslipidemia or diastolic blood pressure are discussed together with potential moderators (e.g. gender-differences, variations in stress assessment and metabolic syndrome criteria) that may explain the inconsistent, contradictory results of the individual studies