A demarkált pancreasnecrosis kezelése. Irodalmi áttekintés The treatment of walled-off pancreatic necrosis. Review

Absztrakt A súlyos akut pancreatitis késői szövődménye a demarkált necrosis, amely valamilyen intervenciós kezelést igényel. Jelen közlemény célja a különböző kezelési módok indikációinak, technikai kérdéseinek, korlátainak elemzése. A súlyos akut pancreatitis kezdetétől 4–6 hét kell ahhoz, hogy a demarkált necrosis kialakuljon. A necrectomiát ez után javasolt tervezni. A transluminalis endoszkópos necrectomia a gyomor és a nyombél mögött elhelyezkedő demarkált necrosisok esetén kecsegtet jó eredménnyel. A kiterjedt hasnyálmirigy-elhalások kezelésére napjainkban is a sebészi kezelés a leggyakrabban alkalmazott eljárás. A nyitott necrectomia a ligamentum gastrocolicumon vagy a mesocolonon keresztül végezhető, amelyet nyitott vagy zárt bursaomentalis-öblítéssel vagy -tamponálással lehet kiegészíteni. A másik alternatíva a transgastricus necrosectomia, amely nem igényel külső drenázskezelést. Mindkét sebészi kezelést lehet laparoszkóp segítségével végezni. Emellett lokalizált necrosisok esetén egyéb minimálisan invazív módszerek is alkalmazhatók. A demarkált necrosisok kezelésében a különböző sebészi kezelések mellett a transluminalis endoszkópos és a minimálisan invazív sebészi módszerek jó eredménnyel alkalmazhatók. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(47), 1866–1870. | Abstract Walled-off pancreatic necrosis is a late complication of severe acute pancreatitis that generally needs some interventions. The aim of this review is to analyse the indications, technical aspects and limits of these therapeutic options. The development of the walled-off pancreatic necrosis needs 4–6 weeks from the onset of the disease. The necrosectomy is recommended after this time. Endoscopic necrosectomy offers good results if the necrosis is in retrogastric or retroduodenal localisations. Open necrosectomy can be performed through the gastrocolic ligament or the mesocolon. It is suggested to complete necrosectomy with open or closed omental bursa drainage or packing. The transgastric necrosectomy does not need external drainage. Surgical procedures can be performed with laparoscopy either. In localized necrosis other minimal invasive approaches can be used. Conclusions: In addition to the transluminal endoscopic or minimal invasive necrosectomies different types of surgical procedures has an important role in the treatment of walled-off pancreatic necrosis. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(47), 1866–1870

Negative Pressure Wound Therapy for Necrotizing Fasciitis and Compartment Syndrome of the Upper Extremity — a case report

Background: Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a lifethreateninginfection of the subcutaneous tissues that spreadsalong the underlying fascia. Despite the early and aggressivesurgical fasciotomy and necrectomy, its mortality rate is stillhigh. In NF the negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT)shows good effects on wound healing and on the primary closureof the concomitant extended tissue defects.Case report: A 32-year-old male patient was admitted witha four-day history of fever (39.1C), pain, swelling, erythemaof the right elbow and the upper arm. On admission, extensiveerythema and swelling were seen on the right forearm, arm,and the pectoral region with superficial skin bullae. Based onthe clinical symptoms and laboratory tests immediate surgerywas indicated. Extended fasciotomy and necrosectomy wereperformed on the full extremity and pectoral region. Negativepressure wound therapy was started immediately afterwardwith -120 mmHg concomitantly with antibiotic therapy.Results: After five cycles of NPWT the patient recoveredwithout needing any plastic surgical intervention. The functionaland aesthetic results were excellent.Conclusion: In the case of extended NF of the upper extremitythe aggressive surgery and NPWT are relatively safe andeffective

Prevention and therapy of acute and chronic wounds using NPWT devices during the COVID-19 pandemic, recommendation from The NPWT Working Group

Recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic leading to a rapidly increasing number of hospitalizations enforced reevaluation of wound management strategies. The optimal treatment strategy for patients with chronic wounds and those recovering from emergency and urgent oncological surgery should aim to minimize the number of hospital admissions, as well as the number of surgical procedures and decrease the length of stay to disburden the hospital staff and to minimize viral infection risk. One of the potential solutions that could help to achieve these goals may be the extensive and early use of NPWT devices in the prevention of wound healing complications. Single-use NPWT devices are helpful in outpatient wound treatment and SSI prevention (ciNPWT) allowing to minimize in-person visits to the health care center while still providing the best possible wound-care. Stationary NPWT should be used in deep SSI and perioperative wound healing disorders as soon as possible. Patient’s education and telemedical support with visual wound healing monitoring and video conversations have the potential to minimize the number of unnecessary in-person visits in patients with wounds and therefore substantially increase the level of care

Gyermekkori pancreatitis. A Magyar Hasnyalmirigy Munkacsoport bizonyitekon alapulo kezelesi iranyelvei.

Pediatric pancreatitis is a rare disease with variable etiology. In the past 10-15 years the incidence of pediatric pancreatitis has been increased. The management of pediatric pancreatitis requires up-to-date and evidence based management guidelines. The Hungarian Pancreatic Study Group proposed to prepare an evidence based guideline based on the available international guidelines and evidences. The preparatory and consultation task force appointed by the Hungarian Pancreatic Study Group translated and complemented and/or modified the international guidelines if it was necessary. In 8 topics (diagnosis; etiology; prognosis; imaging; therapy; biliary tract management; complications; chronic pancreatitis) 50 relevant clinical questions were defined. (Evidence was classified according to the UpToDate(R) grading system. The draft of the guidelines was presented and discussed at the consensus meeting on September 12, 2014. All clinical questions were accepted with total (more than 95%) agreement. The present Hungarian Pancreatic Study Group guideline is the first evidence based pediatric pancreatitis guideline in Hungary. This guideline provides very important and helpful data for tuition of pediatric pancreatitis in everyday practice and establishing proper finance and, therefore, the authors believe that these guidelines will widely serve as a basic reference in Hungary. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(8), 308-325

Circulating ACE2 activity predicts mortality and disease severity in hospitalized COVID-19 patients

Objectives Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) represents the primary receptor for SARS-CoV-2 to enter endothelial cells. Here we investigated circulating ACE2 activity to predict the severity and mortality of COVID-19. Methods Serum ACE2 activity was measured in COVID-19 (110 critically ill and 66 severely ill subjects at hospital admission and 106 follow-up samples) and in 32 non-COVID-19 severe sepsis patients. Associations between ACE2, inflammation-dependent biomarkers, pre-existing comorbidities, and clinical outcomes were studied. Results Initial ACE2 activity was significantly higher in critically ill COVID-19 patients (54.4 [36.7-90.8] mU/L) than in severe COVID-19 (34.5 [25.2-48.7] mU/L; P<0.0001) and non-COVID-19 sepsis patients (40.9 [21.4-65.7] mU/L; P=0.0260) regardless of comorbidities. Circulating ACE2 activity correlated with inflammatory biomarkers and was further elevated during the hospital stay in critically ill patients. Based on ROC-curve analysis and logistic regression test, baseline ACE2 independently indicated the severity of COVID-19 with an AUC value of 0.701 (95% CI [0.621-0.781], P<0.0001). Furthermore, non-survivors showed higher serum ACE2 activity vs. survivors at hospital admission (P<0.0001). Finally, high ACE2 activity (≥45.4 mU/L) predicted a higher risk (65 vs. 37%) for 30-day mortality (Log-Rank P<0.0001). Conclusions Serum ACE2 activity correlates with COVID-19 severity and predicts mortality

Endoscopic sphincterotomy for delaying choLecystectomy in mild acute biliarY pancreatitis (EMILY study): Protocol of a multicentre randomised clinical trial

Introduction: According to the literature, early cholecystectomy is necessary to avoid complications related to gallstones after an initial episode of acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP). A randomised, controlled multicentre trial (the PONCHO trial) revealed that in the case of gallstone-induced pancreatitis, early cholecystectomy was safe in patients with mild gallstone pancreatitis and reduced the risk of recurrent gallstone-related complications, as compared with interval cholecystectomy. We hypothesise that carrying out a sphincterotomy (ES) allows us to delay cholecystectomy, thus making it logistically easier to perform and potentially increasing the efficacy and safety of the procedure. Methods/Design: EMILY is a prospective, randomised, controlled multicentre trial. All patients with mild ABP, who underwent ES during the index admission or in the medical history will be informed to take part in EMILY study. The patients will be randomised into two groups: (1) early cholecystectomy (within 6 days after discharge) and (2) patients with delayed (interval) cholecystectomy (between 45 and 60 days after discharge). During a 12-month period, 93 patients will be enrolled from participating clinics. The primary endpoint is a composite endpoint of mortality and recurrent acute biliary events (that is, recurrent ABP, acute cholecystitis, uncomplicated biliary colic and cholangitis). The secondary endpoints are organ failure, biliary leakage, technical difficulty of the cholecystectomy, surgical and other complications