Zmiany i perspektywy rozwoju polskiego rynku literatury dla młodzieży

The article is an attempt to look at literature for young people and notice the need to separate it from books dedicated to children's readers. The attention was paid to independent, integral features differentiating these two categories and the resulting expansion of the audience of publications intended for young people. The article is an attempt to evaluation the condition of publications for young people on the Polish publishing market. The aim of the article is to check whether the literature dedicated to young people has developed or has stayed in stagnation in recent years. The research was carried out by analyzing the content of the available literature on the subject, different reports and the Internet book community.Artykuł jest próbą spojrzenia na literaturę dla młodzieży, ale w oderwaniu jej od książek dedykowanych czytelnikowi dziecięcemu. Zwrócono uwagę na samodzielne, integralne cechy różnicujące te dwie kategorie i wynikające z tego rozszerzenie grona odbiorców publikacji przeznaczonych dla młodzieży. Artykuł ma być próbą oceny obecnej kondycję literatury dla młodzieży na polskim rynku wydawniczym. Celem artykułu jest sprawdzenie, czy na przestrzeni ostatnich lat literatura przeznaczona dla młodzieży uległa rozwojowi, czy też obserwowana jest jej stagnacja. Badanie przeprowadzono poprzez analizę zawartości dostępnej literatury przedmiotu, licznych raportów, książkowego środowiska internetowego

Vitamin D supplementation in Polycystic ovary syndrome

Introduction and Purpose. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age worldwide. Patients may present with a wide range of symptoms. According to the most commonly used Rotterdam criteria, the presence of 2 out of 3 criteria is required for diagnosis: clinical and/or biochemical markers of hyperandrogenism (HA); ovulation disorders (oligo- or anovulation); polycystic ovaries on ultrasound (PCOM); and exclusion of disorders mimicking the clinical features of PCOS. The basis of treatment are birth control pills, metformin and antiandrogens. The pathogenesis of the syndrome is not fully understood. The aim of the study is to summarize the potential health benefits of vitamin D supplementation for women with PCOS based on publications from the last 10 years available on Pubmed. State of knowledge. Vitamin D receptors have been identified not only in calcium-regulating tissues, but also in many reproductive organs, such as the ovary (especially granulosa cells), uterus, placenta, testes, as well as hypothalamus and pituitary gland. In recent years, there have been studies analyzing the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the hormonal balance, metabolism and clinical symptoms in women with PCOS. Summary. The results of studies on vitamin D supplementation in women with PCOS are mixed. Some of them are promising and confirm a beneficial effect on glucose metabolism and insulin resistance, lipid metabolism, hormonal balance, alleviation of HA-related symptoms, improvement of menstrual frequency; while the results of other studies do not show significant improvement and do not confirm these effects. Therefore, there is a need for further research on the relationship between the pathogenesis of PCOS and vitamin D and the impact of its supplementation

GLP-1 agonists in treatment of obesity

Background: Obesity is a major problem nowadays. It has correlation with metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Due to that it is very important to diagnose and treat obesity properly. Objective: The purpose of our work is to show effectiveness of GLP1 agonist in treating obesity.  Method: A literature review was conducted in PubMed database using the key words: „Semaglutide obesity” „Tirzepatide obesity” „Liraglutide obesity” „obesity”. Results: Using particular drug in addition to lifestyle modification appears to be more effective than using placebo with lifestyle modification.  Conclusions: Trials showed effectiveness of GLP1 analogs in treatment of obesity. These drugs might be a future of managing with obesity, but we do not know yet how long lasting is the effect of these drugs. The upcoming years will bring us more trials, but in this moment we can say that they have a lot of potential.&nbsp

Edukacja zdalna w czasie pandemii COVID-19 w doświadczeniach polskich uczniów i uczennic – postrzeganie możliwości uzyskania pomocy w szkol

CEL NAUKOWY: Celem badań było poznanie postrzegania możliwości uzyskania pomocy w szkole przez uczniów i uczennice w czasie pandemii COVID-19.  PROBLEM I METODY BADAWCZE: Uczestnikami badania byli uczniowie i uczennice (N = 1955) korzystający z dziennika elektronicznego VULCAN w wieku od 9 do 20 lat, uczący się w szkołach podstawowych i szkołach średnich. Zastosowano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego. Zebrane dane poddano analizie statystycznej z wykorzystaniem statystyk opisowych, analizy częstości, testów istotności różnic (test niezależności chi-kwadrat). PROCES WYWODU: W tekście zaprezentowano podstawy teoretyczne badań, metody, przebieg badań oraz wyniki z interpretacjami. WYNIKI ANALIZY NAUKOWEJ: Uczniowie oceniają, że w sytuacji trudnej pomoc uzyskają raczej od wychowawcy klasy, ewentualnie innych nauczycieli niż od psychologa szkolnego. Co piąty uczeń nie wie, czy w szkole jest psycholog, a 5% deklaruje, że go nie ma (głównie mieszkańcy wsi i uczący się w szkołach wiejskich). Ponad jedna trzecia uczniów ocenia nisko możliwość otrzymania pomocy od psychologa w szkole. Chłopcy bardziej niż dziewczęta mają poczucie, że pomoc od wychowawcy i nauczycieli podczas pandemii zmniejszyła się. Uczniowie szkół wiejskich uważali, że możliwość uzyskania pomocy od psychologa szkolnego zmniejszyła się podczas pandemii.  WNIOSKI, INNOWACJE, REKOMENDACJE: W funkcjonowaniu szkół, niezależnie, czy w formie stacjonarnej czy zdalnej, należy szczególnie zadbać o dostępność pomocy psychologicznej, szczególnie w szkołach wiejskich, a także budować świadomość uczniów i uczennic, w jaki sposób i komu mogą zgłaszać swoje problemy w szkole.  

The concentration of insulin-like growth factor-1 in pregnancies complicated by pregnancy-induced hypertension and/or intrauterine hypotrophy

Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1)concentration in pregnancies complicated by pregnancy-induced hypertension and/or intrauterine hypotrophy, and its correlation with maternal pressure and umbilical artery pulsatility and resistance indices. Material and methods: 65 pairs pregnant-newborn were included to four groups: I — control, II — PIH, III — Hypotrophy, IV — PIH and Hypotrophy. In the study we analyzed cord blood IGF-1 concentration, newborns antropometry, umbilical artery pulsatility and resistance indices and maternal pressure before delivery. Results: The concentration of IGF-1 was the lowest in IV group of hypotrophic newborns from pregnancies complicated by pregnancy-induced hypertension. In this group of patients there was strong negative correlation between IGF-1 concentration and maternal systolic and diastolic pressure. Conclusions: There is a strong negative correlation between IGF-1 concentration and maternal systolic pressure in group of hypotrophic newborns from pregnancies complicated by pregnancy-induced hypertension

Late-onset Pompe disease - literature review and summary of current knowledge

Introduction: Pompe disease is a glycogen storage disorder caused by the deficient activity of the lysosomal enzyme acid α-glucosidase (GAA). Mutations in the GAA gene lead to the accumulation of glycogen in different organs. In a late-onset form (late-onset Pompe disease), the disease is characterized by slow, progressive proximal limb and respiratory muscle weakness. The diagnosis is based on a low level of GAA either in the muscle biopsy or in the leucocytes. LOPD is treated with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). Purpose: Summary of currently knowladge about Late-onset Pompe disease - characteristic, diagnosis and treatment. Methods: A review of literature available in the PubMed database and Google Scholar. by searching for keywords: Pompe disease, Late-onset Pompe disease, LOPD, alglucosidase- α. Results: The diagnosis of late-onset Pompe disease can often be difficult. It is a very rare disease and the clinical presentation is similar to other neuromuscular disorders, such as Duchenne and Backer muscular dystrophies, glycogenosis or autoimmune or mitochondrial myopathies and others. Despite available specific enzyme replacement therapy LOPD is progressive. Patients require support from a multidisciplinary team of specialists, including care from neurologists, pulmonologists or physiotherapists. Conclusion: Although rare, Pompe disease should be considered in patients with proximal paresis and respiratory failure. More research into LOPD can help increasing precocity of diagnosis and treat it more effectively

The role of vitamin D in the human body and the benefits and risks of its supplementation

The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in society and the growing awareness of related health problems have resulted in the widespread use of vitamin D supplementation. The source of vitamin D is skin synthesis with the participation of ultraviolet radiation (UVB) and its supply with the diet. The inability to cover the daily requirement for vitamin D without an additional source of vitamin D means that the society most often reaches for dietary supplements that do not have the properties of a medicinal product. The use of over-the-counter supplements, where the actual dose of the vitamin may differ from the dose declared by the manufacturers, may result in a lack of benefit from the food product when the vitamin D content is too low or lead to hypervitaminosis when the content is too high

Trichotillomania – therapeutic possibilities

Introduction: Trichotillomania is a mental disorder in which the patient persistently and recurrently pulls out his own hair, which results in varying degrees of hair loss. This causes considerable suffering and impairs quality of life, but patients rarely seek specialist help. It affects 0.5–3% of the general population, but data may be underestimated due to low reporting. Aim of the study: The aim of our study is to summarize the current state of knowledge on the treatment of trichotillomania. Materials and methods: The literature available in the PubMed and Google Scholar database was reviewed using the following keywords: "trichotillomania", "trichophagia", "trichobeozar", "trichotillomania treatment". Results: Treatment of TTM is difficult and involves many methods. The division of therapeutic methods focuses mainly on psychotherapy and pharmacological treatment. The greatest effectiveness is attributed to cognitive-behavioral therapy, especially habit reversal training. Medications can help reduce symptoms, especially in the presence of other disorders, e.g. depression, anxiety disorders. Conclusions: Trichotillomania contributes to significant suffering and negatively affects functioning in social and professional life. The basis of its treatment is psychotherapy, but there are many reports on the effectiveness of selected drugs (SSRIs, clomipramine, antipsychotics, N-acetylcysteine, naltrexone, lamotrigine, bupropion, dronabinol, inositol), but they require further research on a larger group of patients

Effect of mediterranean diet on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)

Introduction and purpose of the work: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common condition in the general population. In its course, excessive fatty acids are deposited in liver cells. The best way to prevent it is to reduce weight by being physically active and eating a proper low-calorie diet. The purpose of this study is to describe the potential health benefits of the mediterranean diet in people with NAFLD. For this purpose, the literature available in the PubMed database was reviewed using the following keywords: mediterranean diet; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (MASH). State of the knowledge: The mediterranean diet is rich in fruits, vegetables, nuts, fish, olive oil and whole-grain products. It has the effect of decreasing insulin resistance, which is a major cause of NAFLD. In addition, it exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In recent years, numerous clinical studies have been conducted analyzing the effects of this diet on laboratory results, liver steatosis and progression to steatohepatitis (MASH) in patients with NAFLD. Conclusions: The results of the studies show that following a mediterranean diet can prevent as well as alleviate the course of this disease. However, there is a need for more clinical studies, on larger groups of people to recognize the mediterranean diet as an effective form of NAFLD therapy

Ovarian sclerosing stromal tumor - benign neoplasm of the young. A case study with literature review

Sclerosing stromal tumor (SST), located in the ovary, is a very rare disease entity. To date, only a few hundred cases of ovarian SST have been confirmed worldwide. Preoperative diagnosis of stromal tumor is difficult, as clinically and radiologically it resembles other types of ovarian tumors. These tumors present nonspecific symptoms, with irregular menstrual bleeding, lower abdominal pain and palpable pelvic lesions being the most common. Differentiation and diagnosis is possible only thorough histopathological examination and immunophenotyping. In the present study, we presented a case report of a young, 20-year-old patient with an oligosymptomatic  ovarian stromal tumor. We compared and summarized the diagnostic and therapeutic process, as well as the tumor immunophenotypes, with recent cases reported in the literature