USE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN PAKISTANI AND MULTINATIONAL PHARMACEUTICAL FIRMS IN KORANGI INDUSTRIAL AREA

This research explores the extent of usage of Informational Technology within the pharmaceutical firms based at Korangi Industrial Area. The findings substantiate the view that merely adding computing power will not add to productivity unless the employees are well trained and the usage is dispersed in all the business processes simultaneously. The design of the research is based on instruments which have a high validity and the results show that there is no significant difference in the level of competence of employees between the Pakistani and the MNC. This may be so since the employees are from the same labour market where they have similar educational background and the firms (both national and multinational) have not adequately invested in up grading their IT capabilities.

Association Of Maternal Age And Hemoglobin Level With Apgar Score Of Newborns In A Tertiary Care Hospital Of Suburbs Of Islamabad

Objectives: To determine the association of Apgar score with maternal age and hemoglobin. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on mothers (n=306) delivering live, full-term, singleton babies by spontaneous vertex delivery. Women who suffered stillbirths had babies of unknown gestational age or showed co-morbidities were excluded. SPSS version 26 was used for data analysis. Mean + standard deviation, and percentages were calculated. Cross-tabulation and logistic regression were done to see the association between dependent and independent variables. A p-value of <0.05 was statistically significant. Results The ages of women ranged from 20 to 40 years (mean= 25+1.9).  The number of patients aged 24 years with Hb <7g/dl was 6 (37.5%). Out of all, 90 (29.4%) patients had Hb >11g/dl, and their ages were 30 years which was significant (p = 0.000). Apgar score for the neonates showed that 258 (84.3%) had an Apgar score >7 while 48 (15.7%) had a score < 7. Babies of mothers whose age was 26 years had Apgar score < 7(25%) (p = 0.001). Neonatal birth weight, of <2kg was observed in infants born to young mothers of 26 years of age (20%) (p = 0.001), and a weight >3.5kg was recorded in 20 infants (6.5%). The younger mothers had lower Hb, and their babies had low Apgar scores <7 at the time of birth (p = 0.001). Conclusion Women of younger age and lower hemoglobin levels give birth to infants with low Apgar scores and birth weight. Low birth weight in neonates is significantly associated with a low five-minute Apgar score

Mothers’s education and working status; do they contribute to corrosive poisoning among paediatric patients of Karachi, Pakistan?

Objectives: To determine the causative factors behind corrosive poisoning in children like effect of working mothers, their educational status, financial background, family size and number of siblings. Methods: The multi-centre, prospective, case series of all paediatric patients presenting to the Emergency Department of the National Institute of Child Health and the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi from August 2008 to July 2009 is presented. It comprised all paediatric patients with a history of corrosive poisoning at the two hospitals. SPSS 20 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Out of 105 cases, 56(53%) related to the private-sector Aga Khan University Hospital, and 49(47%) to the public-sector National Institute of Child Health. Of the total, 82(78%) were in 1-5 age group; 61 (58%) were males; and 44(42%) were females. While 59 (56.2%) mothers were educated, only 21 (20%) were working. Of the 46 (43.8%) non-educated mothers, 20 (19%) were working. The type of poison was alkali in 81(77%) cases, acid in 23(22%). The corrosive varied from liquid in 80(76%) cases to powder/gel/semi-solid form in 25(24%) exposures. Besides, 65 (61.9%) families had 3 or more siblings, and the age of siblings was less than 10 in 60 (57.14%) cases, In 34 (32.38%) cases, the chemical were kept in the original container, while in 71 (67.61%) cases other commonly used and familiar containers were used to store these chemicals. Kitchen was the most common place with 51 (48.57%) cases. The time of incident was afternoon in 51(48.57%) cases. Majority cases (n=23; 21.9%) occurred in October. Conclusion: There are multiple contributory factors in corrosive exposure among children rather than the mother\u27s working status and her educational background

Knowledge, Cause and Level of Acceptance of Interest among Muslims in Balochistan

Islam is not just a religion but a life’s complete code – presents economic, social and political systems of its own to guide human in all aspects of life – thus has prohibited interest which is the exploitation to the people and acting like a curse for the whole humanity – due to interest rich is getting richer and poor is getting poorer – affects the borrower and the lender alike. There is no research that throws light on the knowledge, cause and level of acceptance of interest among Muslims; this study thus evaluates the same. The sample size of 100 respondents was chosen to give their opinions against the questionnaire regarding to the issue in stratified sampling of the Muslims living in Quetta, Balochistan. The results clearly indicated that Muslims do have knowledge of prohibition of interest in Islam. The cause behind the acceptance of interest is relying on conventional economic system, being modern and selfish, return on deposits, credit facilities, assurance of guaranteed profit, the risk on investment and time value consideration of money. In order to help in reduction of the level of acceptance of interest the effective corporate governance and the highly ethical economic system are needed to be well-regulated with transparency to guide social lives with the compliance of main tenets of Shariah

Non-Local Deformation of a Supersymmetric Field Theory

In this paper, we will analyse a supersymmetric field theory deformed by generalized uncertainty principle and Lifshitz scaling. It will be observed that this deformed supersymmetric field theory contains non-local fractional derivative terms. In order to construct such deformed N=1 supersymmetric theory, a harmonic extension of functions will be used. However, the supersymmetry will be only preserved for a free theory and will be broken by the inclusion of interaction terms.Comment: 12 pages, pulished versio

Knowledge, Cause and Level of Acceptance of Interest among Muslims in Balochistan

Islam is not just a religion but a life’s complete code – presents economic, social and political systems of its own to guide human in all aspects of life – thus has prohibited interest which is the exploitation to the people and acting like a curse for the whole humanity – due to interest rich is getting richer and poor is getting poorer – affects the borrower and the lender alike. There is no research that throws light on the knowledge, cause and level of acceptance of interest among Muslims; this study thus evaluates the same. The sample size of 100 respondents was chosen to give their opinions against the questionnaire regarding to the issue in stratified sampling of the Muslims living in Quetta, Balochistan. The results clearly indicated that Muslims do have knowledge of prohibition of interest in Islam. The cause behind the acceptance of interest is relying on conventional economic system, being modern and selfish, return on deposits, credit facilities, assurance of guaranteed profit, the risk on investment and time value consideration of money. In order to help in reduction of the level of acceptance of interest the effective corporate governance and the highly ethical economic system are needed to be well-regulated with transparency to guide social lives with the compliance of main tenets of Shariah

The contribution of NGOs to the cultural diversity: the case of Balochistan

An NGO- though not a permissible term- is a nongovernmental organization or an association made for the welfare of society as a charitable trust, non-profit corporation, foundation or other common person who is a part of governmental sector. NGOs have played a considerably important role in the development of countries and 60% developing countries obtain their aid through NGOs. In Balochistan the NGOs have been actively engaged in regional, local, national and international matters with government and business since their beginning. Therefore, over time the NGOs are often said to have shifted the cultural diversity of the province in some ways or the others either directly or indirectly through their operations, struggles and improved understanding of societies. In this study we have discussed the impact of NGOs and their limits in the province which is a critical part and an opportunistic state of Pakistan, Balochistan

The implication of the value added tax in Pakistan: administration, experiences and fears

Since its first imposition in France, the value added taxation has become so popular that except USA there is no other country left that does not have VAT in use. Pakistan has fulfilled its international obligation to replace its sales tax with VAT by the year 2010. This paper examines the available literature and reflects as to how successfully the country has implemented the new taxation, what has it experienced in its efforts in the replacement of sales tax and the fear relating to VAT that still remain unaddressed. It was found that the country has, as a whole, very successfully implemented the new taxation in terms of economic gains and costs to the government. Nonetheless, it is feared that the social aspects relating thereto are altogether ignored and thus this replacement is not socially optimal

The contribution of NGOs to the cultural diversity: the case of Balochistan

An NGO- though not a permissible term- is a nongovernmental organization or an association made for the welfare of society as a charitable trust, non-profit corporation, foundation or other common person who is a part of governmental sector. NGOs have played a considerably important role in the development of countries and 60% developing countries obtain their aid through NGOs. In Balochistan the NGOs have been actively engaged in regional, local, national and international matters with government and business since their beginning. Therefore, over time the NGOs are often said to have shifted the cultural diversity of the province in some ways or the others either directly or indirectly through their operations, struggles and improved understanding of societies. In this study we have discussed the impact of NGOs and their limits in the province which is a critical part and an opportunistic state of Pakistan, Balochistan