Sensory Input Pathways and Mechanisms in Swallowing: A Review

Over the past 20 years, research on the physiology of swallowing has confirmed that the oropharyngeal swallowing process can be modulated, both volitionally and in response to different sensory stimuli. In this review we identify what is known regarding the sensory pathways and mechanisms that are now thought to influence swallowing motor control and evoke its response. By synthesizing the current state of research evidence and knowledge, we identify continuing gaps in our knowledge of these mechanisms and pose questions for future research

The QuickRing Network

QuickRing 1 is a new low-cost high-speed communication network that provides a point-to-point bandwidth of up to 180 MBytes/s. We describe some of the features of the QuickRing architecture and protocol including the QuickRing controller, the data formats, the reservation protocol, and the routing mechanism. We then investigate the problem of determining the topology of a QuickRing network and present an algorithm for solving this problem using the ping-echo probing mechanism and the WhoRU-IAm node identification mechanism. Finally, we present performance results based on a simulation of QuickRing. 1 Introduction New technologies are providing high-speed communication networks to support a wide variety of computers and applications. The world is moving from Mbits/s with the Ethernet and FDDI [9] to Gbits/s with SCI [6], the Gigabit testbeds [5], and QuickRing [10]. The rate of errors in data transmission has fallen from 10 \Gamma6 to 10 \Gamma14 [8]. Packet loss is primarily du..

Verifying Safety of a Token Coherence Implementation by Parametric Compositional Refinement

(Extended Version with Proofs)