Evalueringskriteria en die interaksie tussen die leksikografieteorie en -praktyk; die ontwerp van die Woordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal as gevallestudie

Die samestellers van die verskillende dele van die WAT kon steun op die insette van verskeie medewerkers, waarvan woordeboekresensente 'n belangrike groep is. Een van die algemene probleme met die evaluering van woordeboeke van allerlei soorte (sien Nielsen 2006, 2009 en Swanepoel 2008, 2013 vir 'n bespreking) is dat daar egter in resensies — ook in sommige van dié van die verskene dele van die WAT — slegs gesteun word op kriteria vir die ontleding en beskrywing van die ontwerpkenmerke van woordeboeke en dikwels nie ook op 'n duidelik geformuleerde en gemotiveerde stel kriteria vir die evaluering van woordeboeke nie. Hierdie probleem en die onderskeid tussen beskrywingskriteria en evalueringskriteria en die inhoud, struktuur en operasionalisering van evalueringskriteria word in meer besonderhede in hierdie artikel bespreek na aanleiding van veral Feinauer (2007), Gouws (2007, 2011 en 2014), Gouws en Prinsloo (2005), Nielsen (2006, 2009) en Svensén (2009). Ten slotte word hierdie probleem toegelig aan die hand van die ontwerpkenmerke van WAT Deel XIV.Sleutelwoorde: Woordeboekresensies, woordeboekbeskrywingskriteria, woordeboekevalueringskriteria, die vorm, inhoud en operasionalisering van leksikografiese evalueringskriteria, ontwerpkenmerke van WAT Deel XIVEvaluation criteria and the interaction between lexicographic theory and practice; the design of the Woordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal as case studyThe compilers of the various volumes of the WAT have relied on input from various co- workers, of which dictionary reviewers form an important group. However, a common problem with the evaluation of dictionaries of various kinds (cf. Nielsen 2006, 2009 and Swanepoel 2008, 2013) is that reviews only provide an analysis and description of the design features of dictionaries and not also an evaluation based on a set of clearly formulated and motivated criteria for the evaluation of dictionaries. This problem, the distinction between criteria for the description and evaluation of the design features of dictionaries, and the content, structure and operationalization of lexicographic evaluation criteria, are discussed in this article, taking especially Feinauer (2007), Gouws (2007, 2011, 2014), Gouws and Prinsloo (2005), Nielsen (2006, 2009) and Svensén (2009) as point of departure. Finally, this lexicographic problem is discussed with reference to the design features of WAT Volume XIV.Keywords: Dictionary reviews, dictionary description criteria, dictionary evaluation criteria, the form, content and operationalization of lexicographic evaluation criteria, design features of WAT, Volume XI

’n Interpretasie van die ruimtestruktuur in na ’va (Etienne le Roux): enkele riglyne

Na ’va is die afsluitende werk van die derde trilogie in Leroux se romansiklus van nege dele. In hierdie roman vind daar op meer as een vlak ’n sametrekking plaas van die romans van die derde trilogie, maar dit bied ook retrospektief ’n blik op die agt romans wat dit voorafgaan. Hier word egter slegs aandag gegee aan aspekte van die ruimte

Brachyphylla cavernarum

Brachyphylla Gray, 1834 Fruit-eating Bat

Die verbrokkelende wêreld in die prosakuns van John Miles

Die meeste literêre kritici is dit eens dat John Miles met sy debuutbundel kort-kortverhale, Liefs nie op straat nie (1970) , en sy daaropvolgende roman, Okker bestel twee toebvoodjies (1973), iets nuut tot die Afrikaanse prosakuns toegevoeg het. Nuut dan in die sin dat sy dirékte betrokkenheid by en uitdieping van die "angs van menswees" in hierdie huidige bestek van geweld doelbewus wegbeweeg van die estetiek van 'n romankuns wat slegs in beperk te kring geldigheid het

The contribution of fatty acids to the composition of the total lipids in juvenile Cape hake fillets - research

Published ArticleDue to the decline in fish stocks more juvenile fish are being caught. The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of short and medium chain length fatty acids to the composition of the total lipids in juvenile Cape hake fillets and the impact thereof the nutritional value. The fatty acids that most contributed to the total fatty acid composition were palmitic acid (C16:0) (46.52%), docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6) (25.68%) and stearic acid (C18:0) (9.4%). Saturated fatty acid contribution to the total lipid content was found to be higher than reported in literature in other hake species and no eicosapentaenoic acid was detected. Eicosanoic acid, was detected only in the medium sized hake fillets, indicating reduced nutritional value in juvenile hake fillets. The challenges of the fishing industry is thus not only to control the sustainability of fish resources, but also the size of the total allowable catch to ensure the best nutritional level

Utilisation of cover crops: implications for conservation agriculture systems in a mediterranean climate region of South Africa

Purpose Cover crops can provide multiple agroecosystem services to crops produced in conservation agriculture systems. South African grain producers in the Mediterranean climate region are reluctant to integrate cover crops in rainfed systems since cover crops replace cash crops leading to financial losses. Using cover crops as fodder can help cover input costs, while providing a range of advantageous services to the cropping system. The aim of this study was to investigate how cover crop mixtures and the utilisation of cover crops affect soil quality, the quality and quantity of the mulch as well as wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) produced in the subsequent year. Methods A two-year study was conducted in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. In Year 1, diverse legume and cereal-based cover crop mixtures were partially grazed, cut and material removed for haymaking, or left unutilised as a mulch. In Year 2, spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was planted to investigate the effects of cover crop mixtures and utilisation method on subsequent spring wheat yield. Results Cover crops used as hay or for grazing did not affect (P < 0.05) grain yield of wheat that followed in rotation. Legume-based cover crop mixtures increased (P < 0.05) wheat grain protein content regardless of utilisation method. Soil quality and nitrogen content improved (P < 0.05) when cover crops were grazed. Conclusions Cover cropping can be used by South African grain producers as an important agronomic tactic to improve system productivity and support sustainable intensification of rainfed cropping systems

Triangle-Free Penny Graphs: Degeneracy, Choosability, and Edge Count

We show that triangle-free penny graphs have degeneracy at most two, list coloring number (choosability) at most three, diameter $D=\Omega(\sqrt n)$, and at most $\min\bigl(2n-\Omega(\sqrt n),2n-D-2\bigr)$ edges.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures. To appear at the 25th International Symposium on Graph Drawing and Network Visualization (GD 2017

Patterns and drivers of rodent abundance across a South African multi-use landscape

Funding: This research was funded by FCT/MCTES, through national funds, and the co-funding by the FEDER, within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement and Compete 2020 (cE3c: UIDB/00329/2020), and by the South African National Research Foundation, South Africa (UID 107099&115040). TAM thanks partial support by CEAUL (funded by FCT-Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal, through the project UIDB/00006/2020).South Africa’s decentralized approach to conservation entails that wildlife outside formally protected areas inhabit complex multi-use landscapes, where private wildlife business (ecotourism and/or hunting) co-exist in a human-dominated landscape matrix. Under decentralized conservation, wildlife is perceived to benefit from increased amount of available habitat, however it is crucial to understand how distinct management priorities and associated landscape modifications impact noncharismatic taxa, such as small mammals. We conducted extensive ink-tracking-tunnel surveys to estimate heterogeneity in rodent distribution and investigate the effect of different environmental factors on abundance patterns of two size-based rodent groups (small-and medium-sized species), across three adjacent management contexts in NE KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: a private ecotourism game reserve, mixed farms and traditional communal areas (consisting of small clusters of houses interspersed with grazing areas and seminatural vegetation). Our hypotheses were formulated regarding the (1) area typology, (2) vegetation structure, (3) ungulate pressure and (4) human disturbance. Using a boosted-regression-tree approach, we found considerable differences between rodent groups’ abundance and distribution, and the underlying environmental factors. The mean relative abundance of medium-sized species did not differ across the three management contexts, but small species mean relative abundance was higher in the game reserves, confirming an influence of the area typology on their abundance. Variation in rodent relative abundance was negatively correlated with human disturbance and ungulate presence. Rodent abundance seems to be influenced by environmental gradients that are directly linked to varying management priorities across land uses, meaning that these communities might not benefit uniformly by the increased amount of habitat promoted by the commercial wildlife industry.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Bounding Helly numbers via Betti numbers

We show that very weak topological assumptions are enough to ensure the existence of a Helly-type theorem. More precisely, we show that for any non-negative integers $b$ and $d$ there exists an integer $h(b,d)$ such that the following holds. If $\mathcal F$ is a finite family of subsets of $\mathbb R^d$ such that $\tilde\beta_i\left(\bigcap\mathcal G\right) \le b$ for any $\mathcal G \subsetneq \mathcal F$ and every $0 \le i \le \lceil d/2 \rceil-1$ then $\mathcal F$ has Helly number at most $h(b,d)$. Here $\tilde\beta_i$ denotes the reduced $\mathbb Z_2$-Betti numbers (with singular homology). These topological conditions are sharp: not controlling any of these $\lceil d/2 \rceil$ first Betti numbers allow for families with unbounded Helly number. Our proofs combine homological non-embeddability results with a Ramsey-based approach to build, given an arbitrary simplicial complex $K$, some well-behaved chain map $C_*(K) \to C_*(\mathbb R^d)$.Comment: 29 pages, 8 figure

Temporal dynamics of plasma catecholamines, metabolic and immune markers, and the corticosterone : DHEA ratio in farmed crocodiles before and after an acute stressor

DATA AVAILABITY STATEMENT: The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors upon request. Corresponding author: Professor Brian H. Harvey [email protected] article belongs to the Section Animal Physiology.Commercial crocodilian farms face significant economic and livestock losses attributed to stress, which may be linked to their adopted husbandry practices. The development of appropriate and modernized husbandry guidelines, particularly those focused on stress mitigation, is impeded by the limited understanding of the crocodilian stress response. Fifteen grower Nile crocodiles were subjected to simulated acute transport stress, with blood samples collected at various intervals post-stress. Plasma levels of corticosterone (CORT), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), adrenaline, and noradrenaline were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. Glucose and lactate were measured using portable meters and the heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (HLR) was determined via differential leucocyte counts. Significant differences were elicited after the stressor, with acute fluctuations observed in the fast-acting catecholamines (adrenaline and noradrenaline) when compared to the baseline. Downstream effects of these catecholamines and CORT appear to be associated with a persistent increase in plasma glucose and HLR. Lactate also showed acute fluctuations over time but returned to the baseline by the final measurement. DHEA, which is used in a ratio with CORT, showed fluctuations over time with an inverted release pattern to the catecholamines. The study highlights the temporal dynamics of physiological markers under acute stress, contributing to our understanding of crocodilian stress and potentially informing improved farming practices for conservation and sustainable management.The South African Medical Research Council Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, the National Research Foundation, the International Union for Conservation of Nature: Crocodile Specialist Group and INTOFEED™ Pty (Ltd.).https://www.mdpi.com/journal/animalsParaclinical SciencesSDG-02:Zero HungerSDG-03:Good heatlh and well-bein