METODY STRATEGICKÉHO ROZHODOVÁNÍ V ŘÍZENÍ PODNIKATELSKÝCH SUBJEKTŮ

Ve vědeckém příspěvku jsou uvedeny výsledky výzkumu MSM 6215648904 (Brno, 2005) s jejich aplikací v podnikové praxi v oblasti strategického řízení podnikového managementu se zaměřením na metody rozhodování, které umožňují podniku reagovat na změny v podnikatelském prostředí. Rychlé změny zejména v externím prostředí vyžadují od podnikového managementu volbu nových přístupů a metod rozhodování, jeho dobře koncipovaný algoritmus, umožňující pružné reagování na potřeby zákazníků. V příspěvku jsou uvedeny konkrétní aplikace uplatnění v a.s. Bioveta Ivanovice na Hané, která provádí výzkum, výrobu a prodej veterinárních biopreparátů a léčiv se značně rozsáhlým předmětem činnosti, a to na trzích ČR, stávající EU a dalších zhruba třiceti zemí světa. Pro uvedený složitý předmět činnosti byly ve výzkumu zformulovány metodické postupy v oblasti marketingové činnosti, řízení zásob, řízení jakosti,systému motivace manažerů a zaměstnanců fi rmy. Práce navazuje na výsledky publikované ve vědeckých časopisech a prezentované na vědeckých konferencích, zejména IAES (Paris, 2002),ČZU PEF Praha (2002-2003), SPU FEM Nitra (2002-2004), Zemědělská ekonomika (IV/2001 a V/2003)

The Effect Of The Rule Changes In 2010 On Shooting Of National Basketball Players

Cílem studie je zjistit a vyhodnotit vliv změny v pravidlech v roce 2010 na úspěšnost střelby za 2 body a za 3 body u vybraných českých a zahraničních hráčů nastupujících v Národní basketbalové lize – nejvyšší mužské soutěži v České republice, kteří splňují námi zadané podmínky ve zkoumaných sezonách 2009/10 a 2010/11. Při samotném výzkumu v empirické části jsou použity následující testy: Studentův párový t-test, dvouvýběrový F-test, Studentův nepárový t-test o rovnosti rozptylů a size of effect. Výsledky těchto testů nám statisticky potvrdily předpoklady P1 a P2, tedy snížení úspěšnosti střelby v sezóně 2010/11 dvoubodových hodů u všech zkoumaných hráčů a snížení úspěšnosti střelby tříbodových hodů u hráčů české národnosti. Naopak se nepotvrdil předpoklad P3, tedy zvýšení úspěšnosti střelby tříbodových hodů v sezóně 2010/11 u zahraničních hráčů. Z věcného hlediska považujeme za zásadní výsledek 20,1% negativní vliv změny pravidel na úspěšnost střelby tříbodových hodů u hráčů české národnosti.The aim of our study is to identify and evaluate the impact of rule changes in 2010. The study looks at the success of two-point shooting and three-point shooting between selected Czech and foreign players taking part in National Basketball League top male competition in the Czech Republic. Players have met with our specified conditions in examined seasons 2009/10 and 2010/11. The following methods were used in the research. In the empirical part: Student’s paired t-test, Two-sample F-test, Student’s unpaired t-test of equality of variances and Size of effect. The results of these tests have statistically confirmed our hypotheses of H1 and H2. This meant a decrease of two-point shooting success in season 2010/11 for all examined players and a reduction of success at three-point throws between players with Czech nationality. On the contrary, hypothesis 3 has not been confirmed, thus the increase of three-point shooting success in season 2010/11 between foreign players. We therefore consider as a significant result of 20.1% negative impact in rule changes on the success of three-point shooting for players of Czech nationality

Chechen War and the Russian Society

Since the beginning of the second Chechen war, Russia has experienced several shifts in domestic policy. From the very start of his presidency, Vladimir Putin pursued a policy of consolidating power while facing both the external and internal enemy represented by Chechen rebels. As a side effect, this has brought about an outburst of xenophobia and racism that has turned against all Caucasians. The antiterrorist campaign has had broad consequences, even outside the security field. The campaign, which was based on economic arguments, began with attacks on the media tycoons Vladimir Gusinskii and Boris Beresovskii, and was later widened to other selected oligarchs. Another set of changes brought about reforms to almost every aspect of state organization, including everything from the parliamentary electoral system to the local representative elections. Although it had been planned for a long time, the core of the reforms was enacted after the tragedy in Beslan in September 2004

HARDNESS OF NITRIDED LAYERS TREATED BY PLASMA NITRIDING

Stainless steels, particularly the austenitic stainless grades are widely used in many industries due to good corrosion resistance, but very poor mechanical properties as surface hardness and wear resistance limit its possible use. Plasma nitriding is one of the few ways to increase the surface hardness of these steels, even though this will affect its corrosion resistance. This paper focuses on the description of the mechanical properties of nitrided layers in the two most widespread austenitic stainless steels AISI 304 and AISI 316L. The microstructure and properties of nitrided layers were evaluated by metallography and microhardness measurement. Surface properties of nitrided steels were characterized by Martens hardness. The results show that plasma nitriding created very hard nitrided layers with thickness about 40 μm and microhardness about 1300 HV0.05. Surface hardness measurements have shown that the maximum values for both steels are about 8.5 GPa, but have different behaviour under higher loads, when the AISI 316L nitrided layer began to crack on the surface and sink

Effect of boron and vanadium addition on friction-wear properties of the coating AlCrN for special applications

Cutting tools have long been coated with an AlCrN hard coating system that has good mechanical and tribological qualities. Boron (B) and vanadium (V) additions to AlCrN coatings were studied for their mechanical and tribological properties. Cathodic multi-arc evaporation was used to successfully manufacture the AlCrBN and AlCrVN coatings. These multicomponent coatings were applied to the untreated and plasma-nitrided surfaces of HS6-5-2 and H13 steels, respectively. Nanoindentation and Vickers micro-hardness tests were used to assess the mechanical properties of the materials. Ball-on-flat wear tests with WC-Co balls as counterparts were used to assess the friction-wear capabilities. Nanoindentation tests demonstrated that AlCrBN coating has a higher hardness (HIT 40.9 GPa) than AlCrVN coating (39.3 GPa). Steels’ wear resistance was significantly increased by a hybrid treatment that included plasma nitriding and hard coatings. The wear volume was 3% better for the AlCrBN coating than for the AlCrVN coating on H13 nitrided steel, decreasing by 89% compared to the untreated material. For HS6-5-2 steel, the wear volume was almost the same for both coatings but decreased by 77% compared to the untreated material. Boron addition significantly improved the mechanical, tribological, and adhesive capabilities of the AlCrN coating. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Defence in Brno [SV20-216]; Project for the Development of the Organization "DZRO Military autonomous and robotic systems"; Slovak Research and Development AgencySlovak Research and Development Agency [APVV-15-0710]Agentúra na Podporu Výskumu a Vývoja, APVV: APVV-15-071

The 2018 European heatwave led to stem dehydration but not to consistent growth reductions in forests

Heatwaves exert disproportionately strong and sometimes irreversible impacts on forest ecosystems. These impacts remain poorly understood at the tree and species level and across large spatial scales. Here, we investigate the effects of the record-breaking 2018 European heatwave on tree growth and tree water status using a collection of high-temporal resolution dendrometer data from 21 species across 53 sites. Relative to the two preceding years, annual stem growth was not consistently reduced by the 2018 heatwave but stems experienced twice the temporary shrinkage due to depletion of water reserves. Conifer species were less capable of rehydrating overnight than broadleaves across gradients of soil and atmospheric drought, suggesting less resilience toward transient stress. In particular, Norway spruce and Scots pine experienced extensive stem dehydration. Our high-resolution dendrometer network was suitable to disentangle the effects of a severe heatwave on tree growth and desiccation at large-spatial scales in situ, and provided insights on which species may be more vulnerable to climate extremes

The number of tree species on Earth

One of the most fundamental questions in ecology is how many species inhabit the Earth. However, due to massive logistical and financial challenges and taxonomic difficulties connected to the species concept definition, the global numbers of species, including those of important and well-studied life forms such as trees, still remain largely unknown. Here, based on global groundsourced data, we estimate the total tree species richness at global, continental, and biome levels. Our results indicate that there are 73,000 tree species globally, among which ∼9,000 tree species are yet to be discovered. Roughly 40% of undiscovered tree species are in South America. Moreover, almost one-third of all tree species to be discovered may be rare, with very low populations and limited spatial distribution (likely in remote tropical lowlands and mountains). These findings highlight the vulnerability of global forest biodiversity to anthropogenic changes in land use and climate, which disproportionately threaten rare species and thus, global tree richness

The number of tree species on Earth.

One of the most fundamental questions in ecology is how many species inhabit the Earth. However, due to massive logistical and financial challenges and taxonomic difficulties connected to the species concept definition, the global numbers of species, including those of important and well-studied life forms such as trees, still remain largely unknown. Here, based on global ground-sourced data, we estimate the total tree species richness at global, continental, and biome levels. Our results indicate that there are ∼73,000 tree species globally, among which ∼9,000 tree species are yet to be discovered. Roughly 40% of undiscovered tree species are in South America. Moreover, almost one-third of all tree species to be discovered may be rare, with very low populations and limited spatial distribution (likely in remote tropical lowlands and mountains). These findings highlight the vulnerability of global forest biodiversity to anthropogenic changes in land use and climate, which disproportionately threaten rare species and thus, global tree richness