Produksi Bio-Oil dari Rumput Gajah dengan Fast Pyrolysis menggunakan Circulating Fluidized Bed Reactor (CFBr) dengan Kapasitas 45 Kg/H

The objective of this work was to produce the renewable liquid fuel (Bio-oil) form Napier grass by fast pyrolysis in a circulating fluidized bed reactor. The experiment was conducted to improve the bio-oil production (pyrolysis oil) using the condenser. Circulating fluidized bed reactor had a height of 4.5 m, sand as bed material with a diameter 249 nm and Napier grass as the raw material for bio-oil production. The parameter in this work compared with previous research. The experiment was carried out at different temperature ranging from ,  dan ; feed rate biomass at 45 kg/h and a superficial velocity 7 m/s. The experimental result shown that the maximum yield was 39.60 % at pyrolysis temperature of 480  as the best temperature. While the bio-char production and Non condensable gas (NCG) was at 10.67% and 49.73%. Respectively, these results indicated that the condenser can be improve the bio-oil production yield in the system. Furthermore, the condenser process has been shown to have a direct effect on the bio-oil yield

Impact of Organic Loading Rates of Waste Water from Broilers’ Manure on CSTR Biogas System

588-593This research examines the impact of Organic Loading Rates (OLRs) on a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) biogas system from the waste water of broilers’ manure. The CSTR biogas system is comprised of a 12 m3 raw material mixing tank, a solid/liquid separator, a liquid tank, a 60 m3 reactor, a 10 m3 sludge tank, a 15 m3 biogas balloon, and a biogas flare system. The experiment was performed by examining the changes in the organic loading rates from 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, and 4.0 kg-COD/m3-day. The following parameters of the waste water were measured in order to monitor and control the biogas system: 1) pH, 2) the temperature, 3) the alkalinity, 4) the Volatile Fatty Acids, 5) the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), 6) the Total Solids, 7) the Total Dissolved Solids, and 8) the Suspended Solid & Volatile Solid (VS). From the experiment, it was found that the average biogas production was 19.34 m3/day and that the average biogas production rate was 0.30 m3/kg-COD or 0.35 m3/kg-VS. The composition of the biogas was methane (62.37%) and carbon dioxide (31.33%). In addition, the results showed that the production rate regarding the volume of biogas increased as the OLRs increased, then decreased after the Organic Loading Rates reached 3.0 kg-COD/m3-day. The appropriate organic loading rate for operating the CSTR system was found to be 3.0 kg-COD/m3-day, which yielded the maximum biogas production rate for the system

Fast pyrolysis from Napier grass for pyrolysis oil production by using circulating Fluidized Bed Reactor: Improvement of pyrolysis system and production cost

This article focused on production cost of pyrolysis oil production of Napier Grass in Circulating Fluidized Bed Reactor (CFBr) which sand was used as bed material. The Napier grass was converted to pyrolysis oil by using fast pyrolysis process. The reactor temperature, superficial velocity (Uf) and feed rate of feedstock were adjusted in order to find the best condition of this experiment, and the Quadratic Response Model was used to predict the yield of pyrolysis oil and the optimum condition coupled with the experiment. From a results of this experiment, it was found that the maximum pyrolysis oil production was 36.93 wt% at 480 ºC of bed temperature, 7 m/s of superficial velocity and 60 kg/hr of feed rate, while the result from the Quadratic Response Model indicated that the maximum pyrolysis oil production was 32.97 wt%. From the analysis of properties of pyrolysis oil, results showed that heating value, density, viscosity, pH and water content were 19.79 MJ/kg, 1,274 kg/m 2.32 cSt, 2.3 and 48.15 wt%, respectively, and the ultimate analysis was also determined. From the analysis of the efficiency of energy conversion, it was concluded that the value of cold efficiency and total energy conversion to pyrolysis oil in this system were 24.88% and 19.77%, respectively. The greatest energy consumption in this system was made by the energy from the heating process. Furthermore, from the calculation result of production cost in this study, it was concluded that a production cost of pyrolysis oil was 0.481 $/liter or 9.88$/GJ at the 75 kg/hr of feed rate. Keywords: Napier grass, Fast pyrolysis, Pyrolysis oil, CFB

Biomass Conversion by Pyrolysis Technology

Biomass conversions into value-added products have been done through biochemical, chemical and thermochemical processes. Pyrolysis is an existing popularly adopted thermochemical methods for biomass conversion. Pyrolysis process involves thermal decomposition which occurs above 400 °C without oxygen. During this pyrolysis process, organic matters are transformed into gases, liquids and solid residues containing carbon and ash. Pyrolysis occurs in two distinct steps, removal of moisture and condensation of volatiles into liquid fraction. These steps are controlled by some parameters, such as the feed properties, rate of heat transfer to the feeds, the residence time and the reaction temperature. Although pyrolysis has long been an established process usually practised in the chemical industry for the production of various chemicals from wood, it has become an important means of biomass conversion and a precursor to biorefining opportunities with future prospects