Fabrication of Custom Ocular Prosthesis Using a Graph Grid: A Case Report

Patients  requiring  treatment  with  custom  ocular  prosthesis  are  those  who  have  lost  ocular  structures through orbital evisceration or orbital enucleation which was necessary as a surgical intervention for a congenital  defect,  pathology  or  an  accident.  The  disfigurement  associated  with  eye  loss  can  cause significant  physical  and  emotional  disturbance.  As  iris  placement  is  a  technique  sensitive  procedure, visual assessment alone may not be accurate.The  present article  is an illustration of a case report  of  a lady chosen for a custom ocular prosthesis. The method described here uses a transparent grid template from which the iris is traced. An attempt is also made to mimick the shade and colour of the sclera in the wax  pattern  itself;  using  white  paraffin  wax.  This  gives  an  accurate  registration  of  the  position  and  alignment of iris disc assembly, giving a natural look.  Key  words: Custom  ocular  prosthesis,  graph  grid. &nbsp

A Simplified approach for fabrication of custom tray for Facial prosthesis

Maxillofacial defects are very common and can be due to congenital defect, trauma, infections and neoplasms of facial region. These defects can be restored using different materials and retention methods to give a life like appearance. Rehabilitation of facial defect is a very challenging task. Every good prosthesis needs a skillful hand and it all starts with making a good impression of that defect and to proceed with the same. The aim of present paper was to present a simplified approach for the fabrication of custom tray to take facial impression of the patient with maxillofacial defect

Etiological factors of temporomandibular joint disorders

The temporomandibular joint receives its name from the two bones that enter into its formation, namely the temporal bone and the mandible. This complex synovial system is composed of two temporomandibular joints together with their articulating ligaments and masticatory muscles. This articulation affects other synovial joints that relate specifically to masticatory function. The causes of temporomandibular disorders are complex and multifactorial. There are numerous factors that can contribute to temporomandibular disorders. In some instances a single factor may serve one or all of these roles. Iatrogenic injuries can act as both initiating as well as predisposing factors. The term craniomandibular disorder is used synonymously with the term temporomandibular disorders and is considered a major cause of nondental pain in the orofacial pain region. The successful management of temporomandibular disorders is dependent on identifying and controlling the contributing factors. The temporomandibular disorders are more common in females, the reason is not clearly known. The following article provides detailed information regarding temporomandibular joint disorders

Basic principles of rehabilitation for lost eye: A dentist′s perspectives

Various maxillofacial prostheses are made from materials used in dentistry. The treatment of the patient who loses one or both eyes is a challenging task for the clinician. A multidisciplinary approach is required to fulfill the needs and expectations of an anophthalmic patient. Dentists are now playing a major role in this regard as they are more familiar with the materials used for artificial eyes. Ocular prosthesis is an artifi cial replacement of the eye. The article describes the overall management and treatment of an anophthalmic patient, followed by a procedure for an easy fabrication of a custom-fi tocular prosthesis

Lost salt technique for severely resorbed alveolar ridges: An innovative approach

The success of a complete denture relies on the principles of retention, stability and support. The prosthodontist skill lies in applying these principles efficiently in critical situations. Severely resorbed maxillary edentulous ridges that are narrow and constricted with increased inter ridge space provide decreased support, retention and stability. The consequent weight of the processed denture only compromises them further. This article describes a case report of an edentulous patient with resorbed ridges where a simplified technique of fabricating a hollow maxillary complete denture using lost salt technique was used for preservation of denture bearing areas. The hollowing of the denture reduces the weight of the denture, thereby enhancing stability and retention, reducing the further resorption of the jaws

A multidisciplinary approach for ocular rehabilitation following surgical treatment of retinoblastoma: One year follow‑up

Retinoblastoma is a highly malignant neoplasm. Most of the cases are usually advanced at the time of detection, requiring enucleation to salvage the child’s life. Just treating the patient for cancer is not enough; the cosmetic rehabilitation of these patients is equally important and it should always be an integral part of their treatment, to help them re‑integrate in the aesthetic conscious society. Rehabilitating such patients require a multidisciplinary approach involving the combined and timely efforts of an ophthalmologist, paediatric oncologist and a skilled maxillofacial prosthodontist. This paper presents a case of 3½‑year‑old girl who had enucleation of her right eye due to retinoblastoma along with chemotherapy and radiotherapy at the age of 3 years. The patient was recalled regularly for follow‑up at 3 month intervals for ophthalmic examinations and she was rehabilitated cosmetically with customised ocular prosthesis during the various stages of her developmental growth.Keywords: Custom ocular prosthesis, enucleation, impression technique, ocular defect, retinoblastomaNigerian Medical Journal | Vol. 54 | Issue 4 | July-August | 201

Peripheral giant cell granuloma

Peripheral giant cell granuloma or the so-called “giant cell epulis” is the most common oral giant cell lesion. It normally presents as a soft tissue purplish-red nodule consisting of multinucleated giant cells in a background of mononuclear stromal cells and extravasated red blood cells. This lesion probably does not represent a true neoplasm, but rather may be reactive in nature, believed to be stimulated by local irritation or trauma, but the cause is not certainly known. This article reports a case of peripheral giant cell granuloma arising at the maxillary anterior region in a 22-year-old female patient. The lesion was completely excised to the periosteum level and there is no residual or recurrent swelling or bony defect apparent in the area of biopsy after a follow-up period of 6 months

Table2_Identification of metabolic fingerprints in severe obstructive sleep apnea using gas chromatography–Mass spectrometry.XLSX

Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is considered a major sleep-related breathing problem with an increasing prevalence rate. Retrospective studies have revealed the risk of various comorbidities associated with increased severity of OSA. This study aims to identify novel metabolic biomarkers associated with severe OSA.Methods: In total, 50 cases of OSA patients (49.74 ± 11.87 years) and 30 controls (39.20 ± 3.29 years) were included in the study. According to the polysomnography reports and questionnaire-based assessment, only patients with an apnea–hypopnea index (AHI >30 events/hour) exceeding the threshold representing severe OSA patients were considered for metabolite analysis. Plasma metabolites were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Results: A total of 92 metabolites were identified in the OSA group compared with the control group after metabolic profiling. Metabolites and their correlated metabolic pathways were significantly altered in OSA patients with respect to controls. The fold-change analysis revealed markers of chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular risk, and oxidative stress-like indoxyl sulfate, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and 5-aminolevulenic acid, respectively, which were significantly upregulated in OSA patients.Conclusion: Identifying these metabolic signatures paves the way to monitor comorbid disease progression due to OSA. Results of this study suggest that blood plasma-based biomarkers may have the potential for disease management.</p

Table1_Identification of metabolic fingerprints in severe obstructive sleep apnea using gas chromatography–Mass spectrometry.DOCX

Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is considered a major sleep-related breathing problem with an increasing prevalence rate. Retrospective studies have revealed the risk of various comorbidities associated with increased severity of OSA. This study aims to identify novel metabolic biomarkers associated with severe OSA.Methods: In total, 50 cases of OSA patients (49.74 ± 11.87 years) and 30 controls (39.20 ± 3.29 years) were included in the study. According to the polysomnography reports and questionnaire-based assessment, only patients with an apnea–hypopnea index (AHI >30 events/hour) exceeding the threshold representing severe OSA patients were considered for metabolite analysis. Plasma metabolites were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Results: A total of 92 metabolites were identified in the OSA group compared with the control group after metabolic profiling. Metabolites and their correlated metabolic pathways were significantly altered in OSA patients with respect to controls. The fold-change analysis revealed markers of chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular risk, and oxidative stress-like indoxyl sulfate, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and 5-aminolevulenic acid, respectively, which were significantly upregulated in OSA patients.Conclusion: Identifying these metabolic signatures paves the way to monitor comorbid disease progression due to OSA. Results of this study suggest that blood plasma-based biomarkers may have the potential for disease management.</p