Weekly HFMD rate, average temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, sunshine, and wind speed in South Korea, 2010–2013.

<p>Weekly HFMD rate, average temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, sunshine, and wind speed in South Korea, 2010–2013.</p

Pearson correlation coefficient between HFMD rates and climatic factors, 2010–2013.

<p>Pearson correlation coefficient between HFMD rates and climatic factors, 2010–2013.</p

The effect of a 0–2-week time lag, average temperature, and relative humidity on HFMD rate controlling for seasonal and yearly variations.

<p>The line represents a spline curve and the shaded area shows the 95% confidence interval.</p

Descriptive statistics of the weekly HFMD rate and climatic factors, 2010–2013.

<p>Descriptive statistics of the weekly HFMD rate and climatic factors, 2010–2013.</p

The effect of a 1-unit increase in average temperature and relative humidity on HFMD rate, with a cumulative time lag (0–2 weeks).

<p>The effect of a 1-unit increase in average temperature and relative humidity on HFMD rate, with a cumulative time lag (0–2 weeks).</p

Additional file 2: of Analysis of Brachypodium miRNA targets: evidence for diverse control during stress and conservation in bioenergy crops

Figure S1. D-Plots of the cold regulated inverse group miRNA targets. PARE data showing evidence for cold regulation of the miRNA guided cleavages of (A) Bradi2g59200.1, (B) Bradi1g11800.5, and (C) Bradi2g35720.1. An additional biological replicate of what is shown in Fig. 6. Red dots indicate the PARE sequences mapping to predicted target sites. Figure S2. Characterization of cold regulated miRNAs and mRNA targets in Biorep #2. Complementary to Fig. 8. Figure S3. Bdi-miR168 Targeting AGO1a. D-Plot of PARE data showing evidence for cleavage of the AGO1a transcript (Bradi3g51077.3) via miR168. Despite this cleavage event being highly conserved it is only Level 1 prominence. Red dot indicates the PARE sequence which mapped to the miR168 target site. (PPTX 1715 kb

Additional file 1: of Analysis of Brachypodium miRNA targets: evidence for diverse control during stress and conservation in bioenergy crops

Table S1. RNAseq Libraries. Summary statistics of Brachypodium RNAseq libraries. Table S2. BDI Prominence Lvls. miRNA target prediction scores and prominence data for predicted Brachypodium miRNA targets. Table S3. SWI miRNAs. Genomic location, folding data, and sequences of conserved miRNAs found in switchgrass. Table S4. SWI Prominence Lvls. miRNA target prediction scores and prominence data for predicted switchgrass miRNA targets. Table S5. SBI Prominence Lvls. miRNA target prediction scores and prominence data for predicted sorghum miRNA targets. Table S6. Inverse and Unchanged. miRNA target prediction scores, annotation information, PARE data, and RNAseq data for all miRNAs/mRNA-targets in the “Inverse” and “Unchanged” groups. Table S7. Primers and Oligos. Primers and oligos used in this study. (XLSX 1498 kb

Determining Optimal Crystallinity of Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Terpolymers for Highly Efficient Polymer Solar Cells and Transistors

A new series of conjugated random terpolymers (PDPP2T-Se-Th) was synthesized from an electron-deficient diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based unit in conjugation with two electron-rich selenophene (Se) and thiophene (Th) species, with a view to inducing different crystalline behaviors of the polymers. The crystallinity of the polymers can be systematically controlled by tuning the ratio between Se and Th; an increase in Se content induced a remarkable increase in the melting and crystallization temperatures as well as the crystallinity of the PDPP2T-Se-Th terpolymers. These changes in the crystalline properties of polymers had a dramatic effect on the performances of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and polymer solar cells (PSCs). However, their effect on each type of devices was very different. The charge carrier mobilities of the PDPP2T-Se-Th terpolymers in OFET devices increased remarkably as the Se content increased in the polymers, showing that PDPP2T-Se100 with Se/Th ratio = 100/0 had very high hole and electron mobilities (4.72 and 5.54 cm² V^–1 s^–1, respectively) with well-balanced ambipolar property. In contrast, the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.2% was observed for the PDPP2T-Se10-Th90 polymers that had Se/Th ratio of 10/90 due to the synergistic contributions from high charge mobility and optimized bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) morphology with fullerene acceptors. To understand the effects of the crystallinity of random terpolymers on their performances in OTFTs and PSCs, we systematically investigated the effects of the Se/Th compositions on their optical, electrical, and structural properties

Effect of Fullerene Tris-adducts on the Photovoltaic Performance of P3HT:Fullerene Ternary Blends

Fullerene tris-adducts have the potential of achieving high open-circuit voltages (<i>V</i>_OC) in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) polymer solar cells (PSCs), because their lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level is higher than those of fullerene mono- and bis-adducts. However, no successful examples of the use of fullerene tris-adducts as electron acceptors have been reported. Herein, we developed a ternary-blend approach for the use of fullerene tris-adducts to fully exploit the merit of their high LUMO level. The compound <i>o</i>-xylenyl C₆₀ tris-adduct (OXCTA) was used as a ternary acceptor in the model system of poly­(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as the electron donor and the two soluble fullerene acceptors of OXCTA and fullerene monoadduct (<i>o</i>-xylenyl C₆₀ monoadduct (OXCMA), phenyl C₆₁-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), or indene-C₆₀ monoadduct (ICMA)). To explore the effect of OXCTA in ternary-blend PSC devices, the photovoltaic behavior of the device was investigated in terms of the weight fraction of OXCTA (<i>W</i>_OXCTA). When <i>W</i>_OXCTA is small (<0.3), OXCTA can generate a synergistic bridging effect between P3HT and the fullerene monoadduct, leading to simultaneous enhancement in both <i>V</i>_OC and short-circuit current (<i>J</i>_SC). For example, the ternary PSC devices of P3HT:(OXCMA:OXCTA) with <i>W</i>_OXCTA of 0.1 and 0.3 exhibited power-conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 3.91% and 3.96%, respectively, which were significantly higher than the 3.61% provided by the P3HT:OXCMA device. Interestingly, for <i>W</i>_OXCTA > 0.7, both <i>V</i>_OC and PCE of the ternary-blend PSCs exhibited nonlinear compositional dependence on <i>W</i>_OXCTA. We noted that the nonlinear compositional trend of P3HT:(OXCMA:OXCTA) was significantly different from that of P3HT:(OXCMA:<i>o</i>-xylenyl C₆₀ bis-adduct (OXCBA)) ternary-blend PSC devices. The fundamental reasons for the differences between the photovoltaic trends of the two different ternary-blend systems were investigated systemically by comparing their optical, electrical, and morphological properties