Electrospray deposition of polymer thin films for organic light-emitting diodes

Electrospray process was developed for organic layer deposition onto polymer organic light-emitting diode [PLED] devices in this work. An electrospray can be used to produce nanometer-scale thin films by electric repulsion of microscale fine droplets. PLED devices made by an electrospray process were compared with spin-coated ones. The PLED device fabricated by the electrospray process showed maximum current efficiency of 24 cd/A, which was comparable with that of the spin-coating process. The electrospray process required a higher concentration of hole and electron transport materials in the inks than spin-coating processes to achieve PLED maximum performance. Photoluminescence [PL] at 407 nm was observed using electrosprayed poly(N-vinyl carbazole) films, whereas a peak at 410 nm was observed with the spin-coated ones. Similar difference in peak position was observed between aromatic and nonaromatic solvents in the spin-coating process. PLED devices made by the electrospray process showed lower current density than that of spin-coated ones. The PL peak shift and reduced current of electrosprayed films can therefore be attributed to the conformation of the polymer

Factors influencing psychological concerns about COVID-19 in South Korea: direct and indirect damage during the early stages of pandemic

Background COVID-19 pandemic has led to psychological concerns, the distribution of which across populations may differ depending on whether pandemic-related damage is direct or indirect. This study aims to investigate concerns associated with direct and indirect damage according to population characteristics, and identify relatively vulnerable groups that are particularly affected by concerns. Method This cross-sectional study used data from the 2020 Korea Community Health Survey, which collected data based on a complex sampling design. A total of 208,106 responses from individuals aged ≥ 19 were collected via in-person interviews. The items related to COVID-19 concerns were measured by Likert scales ranging from 1 to 5 and categorized into two types: direct concerns, which pertained to infection or death, and indirect concerns, which pertained to criticism, vulnerability, and economic damage, through factor analysis. We compared the means and effect size of direct concerns, indirect concerns, and overall concerns using weighted mean, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis. Results Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a two-factor structure for psychological concerns about COVID-19 (CFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.97, SRMR = 0.02, RMSEA = 0.06), which were divided into direct and indirect concerns. Mean scores were 3.62 for direct concerns and 4.07 for indirect concerns. Direct concerns were higher in females (B = .26); the elderly (B = .15); those diagnosed with hypertension or diabetes (B = .04; B = .06); those with few assistants during quarantine (B = .15); and those whose neighbors responded inappropriately to COVID-19 (B = .07). Indirect concerns were lower among the elderly (B = -.04), and higher among young; married (B = .25); pink- or blue-collar workers (B = .08; B = .06); and those who felt that the city responded inappropriately to COVID-19 (B = .02). Conclusion The prevalence of concerns regarding direct and indirect damage caused by the COVID-19 pandemic differed according to population characteristics. Some factors had a marked influence on direct and indirect concerns. Our findings could inform psychological interventions and policies for future pandemics. Customized interventions are needed to prevent negative psychological concerns and improve mental health

Optimalne potrebe juvenilnih morskih grgeča sebastes schlegeli u proteinima i lipidima

U ovom istraživanju su analizirane optimalne potrebe juvenilnih morskih grgeča Sebastes schlegeli u proteinima i lipidima. 810 juvenilnih riba je izabrano po principu slučajnosti i distribuirano u 27 tankova od po 50 L sa protočnih sistemom. Pripremljeno je 9 eksperimentalnih smeša u vidu 3x3 faktorijalne eksperimentalne postavke: tri nivoa proteina (45, 50 i 55%) x tri nivoa lipida (11, 15 i 19%). Nivo proteina je imao uticaj na prirast riba, dok nivo lipida nije. Prirast riba hranjenih smešom u odnosu 50P-15L (50% proteina i 15% lipida) je bio veći nego prirast riba hranjenih smešama sa 45% proteina, bez obzira na nivo lipida, ali je bio isti kao kod riba hranjenih sa smešama 50P-11L, 50P-19L, 55P-11L, 55P-15L i 55P-19L. Stopa efikasnosti hrane (FER) riba je bila pod uticajem proteina u hrani ali ne i nivoa lipida. Stopa efikasnosti proteina (PER) riba je takođe bila pod uticajem proteina u hrani ali ne i nivoa lipida. Može se zaključiti da je za juvenilne Sebastes schlegeli optimalan nivo proteina i lipida za dobar prirast i iskoristljivost hrane (PER and NRE) 50% i 15% odnosno 45% i 19%, dok je optimalan odnos proteina i energije 27.4 i 23.9 mg protein/kJ

Online home appliance control using EEG-Based brain-computer interfaces

Brain???computer interfaces (BCIs) allow patients with paralysis to control external devices by mental commands. Recent advances in home automation and the Internet of things may extend the horizon of BCI applications into daily living environments at home. In this study, we developed an online BCI based on scalp electroencephalography (EEG) to control home appliances. The BCI users controlled TV channels, a digital door-lock system, and an electric light system in an unshielded environment. The BCI was designed to harness P300 andN200 components of event-related potentials (ERPs). On average, the BCI users could control TV channels with an accuracy of 83.0% ?? 17.9%, the digital door-lock with 78.7% ?? 16.2% accuracy, and the light with 80.0% ?? 15.6% accuracy, respectively. Our study demonstrates a feasibility to control multiple home appliances using EEG-based BCIs

Tuning the electronic band structure of PCBM by electron irradiation

Tuning the electronic band structures such as band-edge position and bandgap of organic semiconductors is crucial to maximize the performance of organic photovoltaic devices. We present a simple yet effective electron irradiation approach to tune the band structure of [6, 6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) that is the most widely used organic acceptor material. We have found that the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level of PCBM up-shifts toward the vacuum energy level, while the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level down-shifts when PCBM is electron-irradiated. The shift of the HOMO and the LUMO levels increases as the irradiated electron fluence increases. Accordingly, the band-edge position and the bandgap of PCBM can be controlled by adjusting the electron fluence. Characterization of electron-irradiated PCBM reveals that the variation of the band structure is attributed to the molecular structural change of PCBM by electron irradiation

EFFECT OF VIBRATION APPLICATION INTO DYNAMIC LEG PRESS EXERCISE WITH EXTRA LOAD: MULTI-BODY DYNAMIC ANALYSIS

INTRODUCTION: Many studies have emphasized the importance of resistive exercise in maintaining a healthy human body, particularly in prevention of weakening of physical strength (Kostka, 2002). Recently, some of studies advocated that an application of vibration as a supplementary means in regular training was effective in encouraging physical strength (Annino et al., 2007). Aim of the current study was, therefore, to identify if an application of vibration in a resistive exercise is effective in encouraging physical strength as that in a regular training

Improvement in the photoelectrochemical responses of PCBM/TiO2 electrode by electron irradiation

The photoelectrochemical (PEC) responses of electron-irradiated [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM)/TiO2 electrodes were evaluated in a PEC cell. By coating PCBM on TiO2 nanoparticle film, the light absorption of PCBM/TiO2 electrode has expanded to the visible light region and improved the PEC responses compared to bare TiO2 electrode. The PEC responses were further improved by irradiating an electron beam on PCBM/TiO2 electrodes. Compared to non-irradiated PCBM/TiO2 electrodes, electron irradiation increased the photocurrent density and the open-circuit potential of PEC cells by approximately 90% and approximately 36%, respectively at an optimum electron irradiation condition. The PEC responses are carefully evaluated correlating with the optical and electronic properties of electron-irradiated PCBM/TiO2 electrodes

1-Benzoyl-2-thio­biuret

In the title compound [systematic name: N-(carbamoyl­carb­a­mo­thio­yl)benzamide], C9H9N3O2S, the benzoyl and terminal urea fragments adopt cisoid and transoid conformations, respectively, with respect to the S atom. The benzoyl and thio­biuret groups are almost coplanar, making a dihedral angle of 8.48 (5)°. The mol­ecular structure is stabilized by an intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond. In the crystal, N—H⋯O and N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into a sheet parallel to the bc plane

N-(5-Eth­oxy-1,3,4-thia­diazol-2-yl)benzamide

In the title compound, C11H11N3O2S, the dihedral angle between the thia­diazole and phenyl rings is 28.08 (7)°. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked into an inversion dimer by a pair of inter­molecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds with an R 2 2(8) graph-set motif

Multiple Classifier Fusion using k-Nearest Localized Templates

Abstract. This paper presents a method for combining classifiers that uses knearest localized templates. The localized templates are estimated from a training set using C-means clustering algorithm, and matched to the decision profile of a new incoming sample by a similarity measure. The sample is assigned to the class which is most frequently represented among the k most similar templates. The appropriate value of k is determined according to the characteristics of the given data set. Experimental results on real and artificial data sets show that the proposed method performs better than the conventional fusion methods