An appraisal of blood pressure control and its determinants among patients with primary hypertension seen in a primary care setting in Western Nigeria

Background: Achieving guideline-recommended blood pressure is imperative in reducing the rising tide of uncontrolled hypertension and its attendant sequelae, which are major causes of morbidity and mortality globally. The aim of the study was to describe the pattern of blood pressure control and identify the factors influencing blood pressure control among patients with primary hypertension seen at family medicine clinics of FMC, Abeokuta.Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based study. A systematic random sampling technique was used in selecting 360 hypertensive respondents over four months. Data were collected through a pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0 was used to analyse data.Results: Blood pressure was controlled in 167 (46.4%) of the respondents. The independent predictors of blood pressure control were female gender (p = 0.001, OR = 2.494, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.477–4.214), regular use of medication (p = 0.001, OR = 2.900, 95% CI = 1.508–5.577), regular clinic attendance (p < 0.001, OR = 3.512, 95% CI = 1.772–6.960), and absence of diabetes mellitus (p < 0.001, OR = 7.357, 95% CI = 3.190–16.966).Conclusions: The rate of blood pressure control among the hypertensive respondents was low. Multiple independent predictors of controlled blood pressure call for a team-based approach as well as multiple approaches including education of patients, expansion of a community-based health insurance programme and intensification of treatment efforts when managing hypertensive patients.Keywords: blood pressure control, family medicine clinics, primary hypertensio

Anti-diabetic Potentials of Cookies from Wheat, Sweet Potato and African Yam Beans (Sphenostylis stenocarpa) Composite Flour Blends

The consumption of cookies offered reliable advantages to the consumers, which included but not limited to perfect eating ability, prolong shelf live and acceptability among all nations. This study thus, investigated the antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties of cookies obtained from wheat-African yam bean-sweet potato composite flour blends at different ratios. The African yam bean and sweet potato were thoroughly processed, milled, sieved thereafter mixed with the commercial wheat flour. Four blends were prepared by using the trial mixing ratio and 100% wheat flour and later used to bake cookies. The proximate, amino acid compositions, antioxidant, amylase and glucosidase inhibitory activities as well as physical properties of the composite cookies were examined while panelists were assigned to assess the cookie samples. The results of the proximate composition showed that the composite flour technology had significant (p<0.05) positive effects on the cookies. Meanwhile, the amino acid compositions of the cookies revealed that the cookie samples were of high aromatic and hydrophobic amino acids, respectively with optimum physical properties. No panelist showed a total dislike for the taste of any of the samples. The added soybean seeds flours showed no significant (p<0.05) effect on the acceptability and preference of the samples. Hence, it is possible to produce better protein and high nutritional cookies from these flour blends. We therefore concluded that the cookies rich in antioxidants and anti-diabetic potentials could be produced from wheat-African yam bean-sweet potato composite flour

In vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and in vivo anti-hyperglycemia potentials of cookies made from sorghum, orange-flesh-sweet-potato and mushroom protein isolate flour blends fed to Wistar rats

Cookies were produced from a blend of sorghum, orange-flesh-sweet-potato and mushroom protein isolate flour at different ratios viz: MOS A (60:20:20), MOS B (40:30:30), MOS C (30:35:35), MOS D 30:40:30) and MOS E (100% wheat flour) as control. The cookies were investigated for their physicochemical properties, amino acid profile, in vitro antioxidant, in vitro anti-inflammatory, in vivo antihyperglycemia and consumer acceptability using standard methods. The protein and fiber contents of the cookies ranged from 14.76 to 35.20% and 8.17–9.63%, respectively. The improved bioactivities of the cookies could be due to its enhanced hydrophobic, aromatic, branch chained amino acids, BV (∼70–76%) and Arg/Lys-contents. All the cookie samples were classified under the medium glycemic load (18–25) classification. The cookie sample MOS D has the highest hydroxyl (91.33%), DPPH radical scavenging, iron chelation (67.67%) and ferric reducing (∼51%) properties. Moreso, the anti-inflammatory activities of sample MOS D revealed its membrane stabilization (23.40–27.06%), anti-proteinase (23.25–27.36%), albumin denaturation inhibition (23.14–32.35%), nitric oxide scavenging (23.07–32.21%), anti-lipoxygenase (23.31–32.08%) and anti-cyclooxygenase (11.37–23.57%) to be comparable with those of diclofenac, a standard NSAIDs. However, the MOS D sample was rated highest and most acceptable by the consumers when compared with the commercial wheat cookies

Blood pressure (BP) control and perceived family support in patients with essential hypertension seen at a primary care clinic in Western Nigeria

Context: Nonadherence to therapeutic plans has been reported among hypertensive patients. Researchers have also shown that adherence to therapeutic plans improves if motivation in the form of social support is provided. There is a dearth of local studies that explore the influence of family support on treatment outcomes of hypertensive patients. Aims: The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between BP control and perceived family support in patients with essential hypertension seen at a primary care setting in Western Nigeria. Settings and Design: This was a cross-sectional hospital-based study. Subjects and Methods: Systematic random sampling technique was used in selecting 360 hypertensive respondents between April and July 2013. Data were collected through a pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire and a standardized tool, Perceived Social Support Family Scale, which measured the respondents′ level of perceived family support. Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0 was used to analyze data. Results: The majority of the respondents were middle-aged (61.1%) and female (59.4%). Blood pressure (BP) was controlled in 46.4% of the respondents. Most of the respondents (79.4%) had "strong" perceived family support. Strong perceived family support (odds ratio [OR] 4.778, 95% confidence interval [CI] =2.569-8.887) and female gender (OR 1.838, 95% CI = 1.177-2.869) were independent predictors of controlled BP. Conclusions: The proportion of hypertensive patients with optimal BP control is low in this practice setting. The positive association between BP control and perceived family support emphasizes the need for physicians to reflect on the available family support when managing hypertensive patients

Thermoase-Derived Flaxseed Protein Hydrolysates and Membrane Ultrafiltration Peptide Fractions Have Systolic Blood Pressure-Lowering Effects in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Thermoase-digested flaxseed protein hydrolysate (FPH) samples and ultrafiltration membrane-separated peptide fractions were initially evaluated for in vitro inhibition of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) and renin activities. The two most active FPH samples and their corresponding peptide fractions were subsequently tested for in vivo antihypertensive activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The FPH produced with 3% thermoase digestion showed the highest ACE- and renin-inhibitory activities. Whereas membrane ultrafiltration resulted in significant (p < 0.05) increases in ACE inhibition by the <1 and 1–3 kDa peptides, only a marginal improvement in renin-inhibitory activity was observed for virtually all the samples after membrane ultrafiltration. The FPH samples and membrane fractions were also effective in lowering systolic blood pressure (SBP) in SHR with the largest effect occurring after oral administration (200 mg/kg body weight) of the 1–3 kDa peptide fraction of the 2.5% FPH and the 3–5 kDa fraction of the 3% FPH. Such potent SBP-lowering capacity indicates the potential of flaxseed protein-derived bioactive peptides as ingredients for the formulation of antihypertensive functional foods and nutraceuticals

Nutritional Quality, Amino Acid Profile and Phytochemicals of High Protein-fibre Cookies Produced from Whole Wheat, Orange-fleshed Sweet Potato, Defatted Peanut and Rice Bran Composite Flour

This study evaluated the nutritional qualities of cookies from whole wheat (WW), orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP), defatted peanut (DPN) and rice bran (RB) composite flour. The flours (WPRG 1, 2 and 3) were formulated at different ratios (5.00-37.50%) and 100% WW flour (as control). The improved protein (13.54 ̵ 18.91%) and fibre (2.96 ̵ 8.65%) of the cookies depicted the positive inclusion of OFSP, DPN and RB flours. However, the essential minerals were significantly (p≤0.05) high in the composite cookies with no traces of heavy metals. Besides, the hydrophobic amino acids (24.10 ̵ 28.91%) and biological value (74.07 ̵ 89.77%) of the cookies showcased their potential bio-availability in some cardio-disease management. Their phenol (100.28-220.35 mg/100g) and tannin (53.40-76.50 mg/100 g) contents significantly (p≤0.05) enhanced their antioxidative power. The cookies produced from 56.25% WW, 18.75% OFSP, 5% RB and 20% DPN composite flour were mostly preferred by the consumers’ ratings. Finally, the added peanut and rice bran flours showed no significant (p<0.05) effect on the physical properties, acceptability and preference of the cookie samples. Hence, we conclude that it is possible to produce better and high nutritional (protein, fibre, etc.) cookies from whole wheat, OFSP, defatted peanut and rice bran composite flours

An appraisal of blood pressure control and its determinants among patients with primary hypertension seen in a primary care setting in Western Nigeria

Background: Achieving guideline-recommended blood pressure is imperative in reducing the rising tide of uncontrolled hypertension and its attendant sequelae, which are major causes of morbidity and mortality globally. The aim of the study was to describe the pattern of blood pressure control and identify the factors influencing blood pressure control among patients with primary hypertension seen at family medicine clinics of FMC, Abeokuta.Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based study. A systematic random sampling technique was used in selecting 360 hypertensive respondents over four months. Data were collected through a pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0 was used to analyse data.Results: Blood pressure was controlled in 167 (46.4%) of the respondents. The independent predictors of blood pressure control were female gender (p= 0.001, OR = 2.494, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.477–4.214), regular use of medication (p = 0.001, OR = 2.900, 95% CI = 1.508–5.577), regular clinic attendance (p  0.001, OR = 3.512, 95% CI = 1.772–6.960), and absence of diabetes mellitus (p 0.001, OR = 7.357, 95% CI = 3.190–16.966).Conclusions: The rate of blood pressure control among the hypertensive respondents was low. Multiple independent predictors of controlled blood pressure call for a team-based approach as well as multiple approaches including education of patients, expansion of a community-based health insurance programme and intensification of treatment efforts when managing hypertensive patients

Structural and Antihypertensive Properties of Enzymatic Hemp Seed Protein Hydrolysates

The aim of this work was to produce antihypertensive protein hydrolysates through different forms of enzymatic hydrolysis (2% pepsin, 4% pepsin, 1% alcalase, 2% alcalase, 2% papain, and 2% pepsin + pancreatin) of hemp seed proteins (HSP). The hemp seed protein hydrolysates (HPHs) were tested for in vitro inhibitions of renin and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), two of the enzymes that regulate human blood pressure. The HPHs were then administered orally (200 mg/kg body weight) to spontaneously hypertensive rats and systolic blood pressure (SBP)-lowering effects measured over a 24 h period. Size exclusion chromatography mainly showed a 300–9560 Da peptide size range for the HPHs, while amino acid composition data had the 2% pepsin HPH with the highest cysteine content. Fluorescence spectroscopy revealed higher fluorescence intensities for the peptides when compared to the unhydrolyzed hemp seed protein. Overall, the 1% alcalase HPH was the most effective (p < 0.05) SBP-reducing agent (−32.5 ± 0.7 mmHg after 4 h), while the pepsin HPHs produced longer-lasting effects (−23.0 ± 1.4 mmHg after 24 h). We conclude that an optimized combination of the fast-acting HPH (1% alcalase) with the longer-lasting HPHs (2% and 4% pepsin) could provide daily effective SBP reductions

DPPH Radical Scavenging Capacity of Phenolic Extracts from African Yam Bean (<i>Sphenostylis stenocarpa</i>)

International audienceNote sous Cour de cassation (com.), 6 octobre 2015, n° 14-19.499 (FS-P+B), Sté Toyota Industrial Équipment c/ Sté Fonderie GM Bouhye