Исследование изменения характеристик образцов банкнот во время имитации износа

Проведено аналіз процесів, детермінуючих особливості зношування банкнот, виготовлених на двошаровому папері, визначені тенденції зміни міцнісних характеристик банкнот, що виготовлені на експериментальних основах з різним покриттям у процесі їх штучного зношування.Nowadays the problem of banknotes durability decreasing is no less important than problem of their security. Strength properties of banknotes are substantially determined by substrate properties. The main task of research was determination of critical level of strength properties for banknote printed on different substrates such as two kinds of experimental paper and run paper during the process of simulated deterioration. The results of research indicated that samples made on a run paper had maximal durability of optical properties. The samples printed on experimental papers had the best strength properties. It was found the influence of metallized polymer strips type on their mechanical deformation properties.Проведен анализ процессов, детерминирующих особенности изнашивания банкнот изготовленных на двухслойной бумаге, определены тенденции изменения прочностных характеристик банкнот, изготовленных на экспериментальных основах с разным покрытием в процессе их искусственного износа

The Quadrupole Magnets for the LHC Injection Transfer Lines

Two injection transfer lines, each about 2.8 km long, are being built to transfer protons at 450 GeV from the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) to the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). A total of 180 quadrupole magnets are required; they are produced in the framework of the contribution of the Russian Federation to the construction of the LHC. The classical quadrupoles, built from laminated steel cores and copper coils, have a core length of 1.4 m, an inscribed diameter of 32 mm and a strength of 53.5 T/m at a current of 530 A. The total weight of one magnet is 1.1 ton. For obtaining the required field quality at the small inscribed diameter, great care in the stamping of the laminations and the assembly of quadrants is necessary. Special instruments have been developed to measure, with a precision of some mm, the variations of the pole gaps over the full length of the magnet and correlate them to the obtained field distribution. The design has been developed in a collaboration between BINP and CERN. Fabrication and the magnetic measurements are done at BINP and should be finished at the end of the year 2000

Expression of mmp-9 as a prognostic factor of uterine sarcoma

Uterine sarcoma is a highly aggressive mesenchymal neoplasm with an extremely unfavorable prognosis. Up today there are still relevant issues concerning search for clinical-morphological and biomolecular criteria for prognosis relapse-free survival of uterine sarcoma patients. It is well-known, the increase of the expression level of MMP-9 in primary tumor or metastatic foci correlates with a low differentiation of tumor cells, high ability for invasiveness, high metastatic activity, and shortened life expectancy. It’s still unknown, whether it is possible to consider the expression of MMP-9 in uterine sarcoma cells as a convincing prognostic factor. For many types of epithelial malignant neoplasms, high metastatic rate is associated with an increase level of MMP-9 both in plasma and in tumor tissue. The purpose of this study is to investigate the features of MMP-9 expression in uterine sarcoma cells for development of the model for individual prediction of the disease course. The study of the surgical material of selected 54 cases of uterine sarcoma of stage I-II (according to FIGO criteria) with a known prognosis of the disease, which were distributed depending on the morphological type done: leiomyosarcoma (LMS) – 18 cases, endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) - 22 cases, undifferentiated sarcoma (US) – 14 (according to the classification of tumors of the uterus of the WHO). For histological examination, pieces of tissue were cut from different parts of the tumor nodes – central, peripheral, parts of the adjacent intact tissue of myometrium (total of 6-8 bits). The tumor cell phenotype was determined using low molecular weight cytokeratins (Cytokeratin PAN, AE1 / AE3), smooth muscle actin (Smooth Muscle Actin, 1A4), myogenin (Myogenin (F5D)), CD 10 and vimentin (Vimentin, V9). The histochemical label was evaluated in two parameters: the degree of prevalence and intensity of coloration. To assess the color intensity, a qualitative scale was used: 0 – no reaction, 1+ – weak cytoplasmic coloration to 30.0% of tumor cells, 2+ – moderate reaction, 30.0 to 60.0% of stained cells, 3+ – pronounced cytoplasmic reaction in 60,0-100,0% of tumor cells. Statistical processing of the data was performed using the “STATISTICA 10.0” program package. The conducted study has showed, the negative (0) and weak (1+) expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 were observed in the most part of ESS and only partially in US. Despite the stage of the disease, with such a status of MMP-9, there was observed no signs of relapsed disease. The moderate (2+) and high (3+) expression of MMP-9 was detected in 44.5 % of uterine sarcoma, in the most part in LMS patients. However, if in LMS cases the progressive disease was observed only in one third of them (4 of 12 cases), in case of ESS and US, in all the patients with such tumors status there was observed relapsed disease. Such a reaction may be indicative for invasive and metastatic potential of ESS and US and cause of the hematogenous metastases

The investigation of PD-L1 expression as a prognostic marker for uterine sarcoma

Background: The uterine sarcoma is a rare tumor with the unpredictable, aggressive clinical behavior. Medical science relies on the development of reliable tumor markers, on the basis of which the optimal treatment program can be chosen, and will be also possible to make a prognosis. The hyperexpression of PD-L1 in many cases correlates with unfavorable prognosis of the disease and is an important prognostic biomarker for some types of tumors: melanoma, kidney cancer, non-small cell lung cancer. The role of PD-L1 expression, as a tumor marker in sarcoma, remains unclear. Objective. The investigation of PD-L1 expression as a prognostic tumor marker for uterine sarcoma. Methods: There have been selected 30 uterine sarcoma patients stage I-II (T1-2NxM0), for immunohistochemistry analyze of PD-L1 expression. Depending on the morphological tumor types all the patients were distributed: leiomyosarcoma (LMS) - 20.0%, endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) - 46.7%, undifferentiated sarcoma (HC) - 33.3%. Results: Our results showed that 73.3 % of patients with uterine sarcoma exhibited low expression level of PD-L1. The moderate level and overexpression of PD-L1 were observed in undifferentiated and endometrial stromal sarcoma - 13.3 and 6.7 %, respectively. At further follow-up of patients with PD-L1 expression, the relapse of the disease was detected in 50.0 % of cases. Conclusion: The PD-L1 expression in tumor tissue, regardless of its level, is considered to be an unfavorable prognostic factor for uterine sarcoma patients. In case of moderate expression level of PD-L1, so as at its overexpression, the tumor progression was detected in 83.3% of uterine sarcoma patients

Methodological development of seminar lesson from educational discipline. Academic discipline: Endocrinology

Methodological development of seminar lesson from educational were complited from discipline Endocrinology. The main goals: to indicate the relevance of the topic, know the etiopathogenetic classification of diabetes mellitus, know the risk factors for the development of diabetes mellitus types 1 and 2, know the etiopathogenesis of type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus, know the diagnostic criteria for diabetes, be able to determine the type of diabetes and the severity and compensation criteria

Methodological development to the lectures on the educational discipline. Faculty, Course: International, IV. Academic discipline: Internal Medicine

The guide covers the following topics: Essential hypertension, Atherosclerosis, Chronic forms of ischemic heart disease, Acute coronary syndrome: unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction, Pulmonary heart. Pulmonary embolism, Acquired heart defects, Infective endocarditis, Pericarditis, Rhythm and conduction disorders. Goal: explain the essence of the disease, causes, role in the etiopathogenesis of various factors, approaches to diagnosis, treatment and prevention

Practical skills in internal medicine: educational and methodical manual for students

The manual presents recommendations for testing a list of practical skills, techniques and indicators of laboratory diagnosis of Endocrine diseases . The manual is based on a working program on practice for 4th year students, on the basis of educational and professional program of the second level of higher education for master's degree in 222 "Medicine" ONMedU

Methodological development to the independent work of higher education acquires from educational discipline. Academic discipline: Endocrinology

Methodological development to the independent work of higher education acquires were complited from educational discipline Endocrinology. Themе: Thyroiditis. Thyrotoxicosis: clinical forms. Diffuse toxic goiter: complications of treatment. Hypothyroidism. Diseases of the adrenal glands. Chronic adrenal failure

Methodological development to the independent work of higher education acquires from educational discipline. Course: 4 . Faculty: International. Academic discipline: Internal medicine

The guide covers the following topics: Essential arterial hypertension, Secondary arterial hypertension. Neurocirculatory dystonia, Atherosclerosis, Chronic forms of Ischemic heart disease, Acute coronary syndrome (unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction), Acute pulmonary heart – pulmonary embolism (PE), Congenital heart defects in adults, Infective endocarditis, Acquired heart defects. Purpose: to explain the essence of the diseases of heart, the causes of its occurrence, the role of various factors in the etiopathogenesis, approaches to diagnosis, treatment and prevention

Methodological development to the independent work of higher education acquires from educational discipline. Academic discipline: Secrets of electrocardiogram

Methodological development to the independent work of higher education were complited from discipline: Secrets of electrocardiogram. Purpose: to explain the essence of the conduction system of the heart, applying electrodes during ECG recording, normal ECG parameters, algorithm of ECG analysis