Wax Deposition – Trend Of Formation In Crude Pipeline

Normally most of crude oils contain wax either in small or large percentage. Wax content in crude oils significantly gives some more cost to the production line, transportation and also process plant. So that it play an important role to the operating cost to any sections of oil industry. Wax deposition usually starts when the crude oils are flowing through pipeline or riser. At sea bed and undersea there are low temperature over there which cause wax component in crude oil start to crystallize and precipitate. It also has high viscosity which can cause pumping problems to pipelines. Over certain period of time wax can cause blockage to the pipeline. This kind of problem potentially increase cost of operation and become severe when the operation is being shut down because of pipeline failure. There is a method to overcome this problem by using circulation of hot oil from platform to well. It purposes is to maintain high temperature of flowing crude oil to storage tank, so there are less percentage of wax deposited on the wall surface of tubing. In UTP, most studies on waxes were conducted using batch system. This study will concentrate on continuous system where coolant is circulated in a cold finger flowing through fix amount of hydrocarbon solution. So there is an interest on how is it the deposition process works. Because the way of deposition occurs is different compared to batch system, the pattern and trend of wax deposition is still a question. This research will start by having literature review and number of sets of experiment to collect data and make analysis of wax deposition in a loop. This preliminary report includes project background, problem statement, objective, project scope and limitation, literature review, methodology and references

Hubungan Antara Kecekapan Modal Insan dengan Keberkesanan Program Kreativiti dan Inovasi Anjuran Perbadanan Produktiviti Malaysia (MPC)

The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship of the human capital efficiency towards the effectiveness of the creativity and innovation programmes organized by Malaysia Productivity Corporation (MPC). This research was quantitative in nature where data were gathered using survey questionnaire. A total of 374 respondents from the participants who involved in the conventions, mini conventions and Innovative and Creative Circle (ICC) programmes organized by the Malaysia Productivity Corporation (MPC) in 2012 participated in this study. In this study, descriptive and inferential analysis was applied. Descriptive analysis is used to analyze the demographic and identify the levels of the variables involved. Inferential analysis involves regression analysis as the main analyses to determine the effect between the efficiency of human capital and the effectiveness of the productivity and quality programmes organized by MPC. In conclusion, there is a positive relationship and influence as well as significant differences between the human capital efficiency towards the effectiveness of the creativity and innovation programmes organized by MPC

TOWARDS A MORE ACCURATE FLOW RATE ESTIMATION TECHNIQUE FOR OIL SPILLS FROM PIPELINES

In 2010, an oil rig on the Gulf of Mexico exploded and sunk into the ocean. A leak was discovered on the seabed one mile under the sea. Different techniques were employed to quantify the amount of oil leaked into the ocean, however their results varied quite significantly. The most accurate method to date is a standard deviation of 2.6% by Crone using Optical Plume Velocimetry (OPV). In this work, a novel method to estimate the flow rate with a higher accuracy is sough

Defect prediction model for testing phase

The need for predicting defects in testing phase is important nowadays as part of the improvement initiatives for software production process. Being the group that ensuring successful implementation of verification and validation process area, all test engineers in Test Centre of Excellence (Test COE) department are required to play their part to discover software defects as many as possible and contain them within testing phase. This research is aimed to achieve zero-known post release defects of the software delivered to end-user. To achieve the target, the research effort focuses on establishing a defect prediction model for testing phase using Six Sigma methodology. It identifies the customer needs on the requirement for the prediction model as well as how the model can benefits them. It also outlines the possible factors that associated to defect discovery in testing phase. Analysis of the repeatability and capability of test engineers in finding defects are elaborated. This research also describes the process of identifying type of data to be collected and techniques of obtaining them. Relationship of customer needs with the technical requirements is then explained clearly. Finally, the proposed defect prediction model for testing phase is demonstrated via regression analysis. This is achieved by considering faults found in phases prior to testing phase and also the code size of the software. The achievement of the whole research effort is described at the end of this project together with challenges faced and recommendation for next research work

Volatility of Japan's exchange rate and Malaysia's trade and FDI: a granger causality test / Muhammad Suffian Abdul Shukor

The objective of this paper is to determine the relationships of Japan exchange rate volatility with the volatility of Malaysia's macroeconomic variables, namely trade and FDI. The paper presents empirical evidence that shows the relationship of Japan exchange rate volatility on Malaysia trade and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) volatility. The independent variable is Japan exchange rate (Japanese yen to ringgit Malaysia) volatility and the dependent variable is Malaysia Trade (import and export with Japan) and FDI from Japan. The data collected are quarterly data between 1997 and 2007 and analyzed using Granger Causality Test. The volatility of the variables is measured using standard deviation of growth. After the data has been tested for stationary, the data then are tested in the Granger causality test. The test uses lag 1,2,4,8 and 12. According to the result of the test, there is no evidence of Granger-causes between Japan exchange rate and export to Japan in all lag chosen. For exchange rate volatility and. import to Japan volatility there is a unidirectional causality in lag 1 and bilateral causality in lag 8 and for Japan exchange rate volatility and FDI from Japan volatility, there is a unidirectional causality in lag 4 and 12 where FDI from Japan volatility Granger-causes exchange rate volatility

Wireless Location Based Services (Wi-LBS)

The needs and demands on location information have arisen rapidly. With the advancement of mobile computing technologies, many researches and studies have been conducted in providing reliable location information solution. Location based information has become an important resource for mobile users especially in giving direction or locating places. Wireless Location Based Services (Wi-LBS) highlight this scenario by explaining the application and usage of the LBS in wireless environment. Wi-LBS is introduced with respect to providing wireless method in locating places within UTP campus instead of referring to static map. The objective of this research is to integrate GIS with MMS technology as a system called Wireless Location Based Services. It is mainly focused on applying GIS elements in providing location information by utilizing the advancement of today's wireless handheld devices. Users will request for location by sending short messages using their mobile phones to the WiLBS system and the system will reply back sending the location information containing pictures and direction. Rapid Application Development (RAD) is used as the methodology in designing the system of Wi-LBS. This research also details the study on Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) that covers the sending of picture messages from Wi-LBS to mobile phones and system's function in responding to the users' requests. Various references and studies have been done regarding the successful LBS applications implemented in foreign country that leads to the interest of doing the research on LBS implementation in this country. The result from the research will be the proposed framework for Wi-LBS, the discussion on the GIS and MMS as well as the system of Wi-LBS. This study proved that Wireless Location Based Services has great potential to be commercially implemented with the growth of wireless application nowadays as today's community is eager of getting more services from wireless system

Wax Deposition – Trend Of Formation In Crude Pipeline

Normally most of crude oils contain wax either in small or large percentage. Wax content in crude oils significantly gives some more cost to the production line, transportation and also process plant. So that it play an important role to the operating cost to any sections of oil industry. Wax deposition usually starts when the crude oils are flowing through pipeline or riser. At sea bed and undersea there are low temperature over there which cause wax component in crude oil start to crystallize and precipitate. It also has high viscosity which can cause pumping problems to pipelines. Over certain period of time wax can cause blockage to the pipeline. This kind of problem potentially increase cost of operation and become severe when the operation is being shut down because of pipeline failure. There is a method to overcome this problem by using circulation of hot oil from platform to well. It purposes is to maintain high temperature of flowing crude oil to storage tank, so there are less percentage of wax deposited on the wall surface of tubing. In UTP, most studies on waxes were conducted using batch system. This study will concentrate on continuous system where coolant is circulated in a cold finger flowing through fix amount of hydrocarbon solution. So there is an interest on how is it the deposition process works. Because the way of deposition occurs is different compared to batch system, the pattern and trend of wax deposition is still a question. This research will start by having literature review and number of sets of experiment to collect data and make analysis of wax deposition in a loop. This preliminary report includes project background, problem statement, objective, project scope and limitation, literature review, methodology and references

Discovering Lexical Similarity Using Articulatory Feature-Based Phonetic Edit Distance

Lexical Similarity (LS) between two languages uncovers many interesting linguistic insights such as phylogenetic relationship, mutual intelligibility, common etymology, and loan words. There are various methods through which LS is evaluated. This paper presents a method of Phonetic Edit Distance (PED) that uses a soft comparison of letters using the articulatory features associated with their International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) transcription. In particular, the comparison between the articulatory features of two letters taken from words belonging to different languages is used to compute the cost of replacement in the inner loop of edit distance computation. As an example, PED gives edit distance of 0.82 between German word ‘vater’ ([fa:tər]) and Persian word ‘ ’ ([pedær]), meaning ‘father,’ and, similarly, PED of 0.93 between Hebrew word ‘ ’ ([ʃəɭam]) and Arabic word ‘ ’ ([səɭa:m], meaning ‘peace,’ whereas classical edit distances would be 4 and 2, respectively. We report the results of systematic experiments conducted on six languages: Arabic, Hindi, Marathi, Persian, Sanskrit, and Urdu. Universal Dependencies (UD) corpora were used to restrict the comparison to lists of words belonging to the same part of speech. The LS based on the average PED between pair of words was then computed for each pair of languages, unveiling similarities otherwise masked by the adoption of different alphabets, grammars, and pronunciations rules

TOWARDS A MORE ACCURATE FLOW RATE ESTIMATION TECHNIQUE FOR OIL SPILLS FROM PIPELINES

In 2010, an oil rig on the Gulf of Mexico exploded and sunk into the ocean. A leak was discovered on the seabed one mile under the sea. Different techniques were employed to quantify the amount of oil leaked into the ocean, however their results varied quite significantly. The most accurate method to date is a standard deviation of 2.6% by Crone using Optical Plume Velocimetry (OPV). In this work, a novel method to estimate the flow rate with a higher accuracy is sough