Isolated Wired and Wireless Battery Charger with Integrated Boost Converter for PHEV and EV Applications

Vehicle charging and vehicle traction drive components can be integrated for multi-functional operations, as these functions are currently operating independently. While the vehicle is parked, the hardware that is available from the traction drive can be used for charging. The only exception to this would be the dynamic vehicle-charging concept on roadways. WPT can be viewed as a revolutionary step in PEV charging because it fits the paradigm of vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) wirelessly. WPT charging is convenient and flexible not only because it has no cables and connectors that are necessary, but due more to the fact that charging becomes fully independent. This is possibly the most convenient attribute of WPT as PEV charging can be fully autonomous and may eventually eclipse conductive charging. This technology also provides an opportunity to develop an integrated charger technology that will allow for both wired and wireless charging methods. Also the integrated approach allows for higher charging power while reducing the weight and volume of the charger components in the vehicle. The main objective of this work is to design, develop, and demonstrate integrated wired and wireless chargers with boost functionality for traction drive to provide flexibility to the EV customers

Comparing rapeseed fed chicken with ordinary soybean oil fed chicken

Energy is needed for the poultry in order to provide growth, egg production at a high level to allow maximal economic return for the production unit. In diet formulation, fat is added to increase palatability, increase fat soluble vitamin and to control dust in feed mill industry Soybean oil consists of high proportion of unsaturated fatty acid which is well utilized by poultry in order to meet energy requirement for fast growing broilers. The use of rapeseed oil is popular all over the world due to improvement made on it. A rapeseed line which contains the low amount of erucic acid and good balance between n-3 and n-6 fatty acids has been made. The aim of the present study was to compare fatty acid profile of breast muscle in chickens fed a diet containing rapeseed oil with ordinary soybean oil feed. In the present study, 36 chickens were included and 18 of the chicken received the diet containing rapeseed oil (diet 1) and 18 chickens received the diet containing soybean oil (diet 2). Chickens fed with soybean oil feed had more saturated fatty acids like palmitic acid and stearic acid in muscle compared to chickens fed rapeseed oil feed. Oleic acid was significantly different between the two diets and it was less oleic acid in soybean oil than rapeseed oil. Comparing soybean oil with rapeseed oil, soybean oil contains more linoleic acid than rapeseed oil. Linoleic acid is converted to arachidonic acid in chicken through desaturation and elongation process. EPA, DPA and DHA, n-3 derivatives of α-linolenic acid are synthesized in chickens in the process similar to arachidonic acid by desaturation and elongation. That is why high amounts of fatty acids in the feed are now converted in same pattern in muscle. There is significant (p <0.05) lower amount of arachidonic acid and higher amounts of the long chain fatty acids EPA, DPA and DHA in the chicken breast muscle of chicken fed diet containing rapeseed oil compared to soybean oil. Our results show the final body weight was not different between the two diet groups. Consumption of meat from chickens fed the rapeseed oil containing feed can help us to increase the total intake of n-3 LCPUFA and reduce arachidonic acid without the consumer having to change their eating habits.M-F

静電的および電磁的加速環境下における高エネルギーイオン生成メカニズム

Tohoku University博士（工学）要約のみthesi

Molecular chaperones: from proteostasis to pathogenesis

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146351/1/febs14576.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146351/2/febs14576_am.pd

Prediction of Thrombus Formation in Ladder Network and Stability of Thrombus in a Bifurcation

Thrombus formation on complex branched networks like extracorporeal membrane oxygenators (ECMO) is poorly understood. In this work, we built a COMSOL model on branched networks, to understand and predict the thrombus formation under blood flow. A microfluidic ladder network design was used to study the change in hemodynamics. The microfluidic ladder sizes are chosen to mimic the physiologically relevant shear rates of 300 s--1 and 700 s--1 in main channels and bypasses respectively. The COMSOL model results were analyzed to understand the flow dynamics inside the ladder network. We predicted the thrombus nucleation points in the ladder network, based on shear grad ients, velocity profile, thrombin transport and platelet concentration. Thrombi were modeled as 2D spheres in the predicted locations of the ladder network. Thrombus growth was modeled in six cases to account for the progressive growth of thrombi the ladder network. Shear rates, thrombin transport rate and platelet percentage were estimated for each case of simulation from COMSOL to develop a set of metrics for thrombus prediction. The predictions from the model were then validated using experimental data from a similar microfluidic ladder device. Experiments were done using recalcified whole human blood pumped into the device at a constant inlet flow rate of 2 microL min--1 . Observations from the experiment revealed that clots are formed at the intersection of bypasses with main channels and not all clots were occlusive. The formation of thrombus followed a pattern progressing from n th bypass to (n+1)th bypass. The geometry induced effects on thrombus formation patterns proved the hypothesis that geometry plays a vital role in spatio-temporal aspects of thrombus nucleation and growth. Images recorded in the experiments of ladder network revealed that not all thrombi in the ladder network went to complete occlusion. Hydrodynamic forces were found to control the occlusion scenario of the thrombus. Threshold of occlusion was studied in a thrombus growing in a straight channel and the results were extended to bifurcations---blood vessels branching into two smaller vessels. Our study revealed that bifurcation ratio and the occlusion of thrombus in a bifurcation are related to each other. Mathematical model developed to understand the critical bifurcation ratios can be used to study the interaction of multiple clots in a geometry from stability perspective. An integrated model that predicts thrombus nucleation and stability in a given geometry holds potential in development of therapeutic and diagnostic devices for blood disorders

Threats of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) incidence in Nepal and it’s integrated management-A review

Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is in the state of major threat for Nepal especially in maize although it has more than 80 host to continue its life cycle. After its first incidence in Africa in 2016, it has already spread in more than 100 countries within a short period of time. It was seen in India for the first time in 2018. Due to the open border between Nepal and India, there is high probability of incidence of pest in Nepal. The temperature regime of Nepal is highly suitable for the pest establishment. Now is the time to think about the pest which can cause severe damage to the second most produced cereal crop of Nepal i.e. maize. Management of the pest is possible through many biological, chemical and cultural means. Planting of legumes as a trap crop and ploughing field properly before planting the field can be a best possible cultural method of managing the pest. Natural enemies like Telenomus, Trichogramma chilotraeae for controlling the eggs, Bacillus thuringiensis for larvae and Brachymeria ovata for pupa of Fall Armyworm in Maize and Vegetables. Similarly, Neem extracts are found be larvicidal and the oil extracted from the seeds of long pepper are found to be checking Spermatogenesis of the pest. Chemicals like Methomyl, Cyfluthrin, Methyl parathion are used tocontrol the pest. Use of chemicals at the initiation of the pest spread is discouraged as it can hamper the natural enemy present in the surrounding ecology. However, the use of pesticides can be done below the economic threshold level so that the pest does not develop any resistance towards the chemicals

A Direct Construction of Intergroup Complementary Code Set for CDMA

A collection of mutually orthogonal complementary codes (CCs) is said to be complete complementary codes (CCCs) where the number of CCs are equal to the number of constituent sequences in each CC. Intergroup complementary (IGC) code set is a collection of multiple disjoint code groups with the following correlation properties: (1) inside the zero-correlation zone (ZCZ), the aperiodic autocorrelation function (AACF) of any IGC code is zero for all nonzero time shifts; (2) the aperiodic cross-correlation function (ACCF), of two distinct IGC codes, is zero for all time shifts inside the ZCZ when they are taken from the same code groups; and (3) the ACCF, for two IGC codes from two different code groups, is zero everywhere. IGC code set has a larger set size than CCC, and both can be applicable in multicarrier code-division multiple access (CDMA). In this chapter, we present a direct construction of IGC code set by using second-order generalized Boolean functions (GBFs), and our IGC code set can support interference-free code-division multiplexing. We also relate our construction with a graph where the ZCZ width depends on the number of isolated vertices present in a graph after the deletion of some vertices. Here, the construction that we propose can generate IGC code set with more flexible parameters