Utilizing Reduced Graphene Oxide-Iron Nanoparticles Composite to Enhance and Accelerate the Removal of Methyl Blue Organic Dye in Wastewater

In this work, a nano-composite is used to remove dye from wastewater of different industries. For this purpose, thesynthesis of a magnetic 1:1 composite made of iron nanoparticles (NPs) using reduced graphene oxide is a novel techniqueand tested for Methyl Blue (MB) dye adsorption from aqueous solution. In this study Fe nanoparticles in reduced Graphenecomposite (FGOC) has been prepared using Graphene Oxide (GO). X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy and Ramanspectroscopy, are used to identify the structures. Many methods have been developed for MB removal in wastewater. One ofthe most popular methods is adsorption because it is simple and high-efficiency, and the adsorbent is crucial. It reached amaximum MB adsorption at pH 7. The kinetic study indicated that the adsorption of MB process was fitted well to thequasi-first-order and quasi-second-order kinetic models. The isotherm study revealed that the MB adsorption process obeyedthe Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption Isotherms models. The GO adding content and absorption conditions on the methylblue removal efficiencies were investigated. This adsorbent is easily recovered by an external magnetic field from thetreated wastewater and has high reusability

Organocatalytic Asymmetric Domino Michael/Acyl Transfer Reaction between γ/δ-Hydroxyenones and α‑Nitroketones

An organocatalytic asymmetric domino Michael/acyl transfer reaction has been developed between γ/δ-hydroxyenones and α-nitroketones. Cinchona alkaloid derived bifunctional amino-squaramide catalysts were found to be the best catalysts for this reaction. The products having nitro, keto, and ester functionalities were obtained in high yields and with excellent enantioselectivities, and also a few synthetic transformations have been demonstrated

Organocatalytic Asymmetric Domino Michael/Acyl Transfer Reaction between γ/δ-Hydroxyenones and α‑Nitroketones

An organocatalytic asymmetric domino Michael/acyl transfer reaction has been developed between γ/δ-hydroxyenones and α-nitroketones. Cinchona alkaloid derived bifunctional amino-squaramide catalysts were found to be the best catalysts for this reaction. The products having nitro, keto, and ester functionalities were obtained in high yields and with excellent enantioselectivities, and also a few synthetic transformations have been demonstrated

Organocatalytic Redox Isomerization of Electron-Deficient Allylic Alcohols: Synthesis of 1,4-Ketoaldehydes

An organocatalytic redox isomerization strategy has been developed for the synthesis of 1,4-ketoaldehydes. DABCO was found to be the best catalyst for the isomerization of γ-hydroxy enones. With 20 mol % of DABCO as catalyst and DMSO as the solvent high yields have been achieved for different 1,4-ketoaldehydes

Femoral shaft fractures in children: traction and spica casting (conservative treatment) versus closed titanium elastic nailing: A clinical study at Eastern India

Background: Femoral fractures are among the most common fractures of long bones. The management of paediatric femoral fractures depends primarily on the age of the child although the bone age and size of a child may determine the choice of treatment. Multiple traumas may necessitate rapid stabilization of femoral shaft fractures to facilitate overall care. Not many years ago, traction and casting were standard treatment for all femoral shaft fractures in children, and femoral fractures ranked high in duration of hospitalization for a single diagnosis. The aim of my study was to compare the results of conservative treatment and closed intra-medullary titanium elastic nailing in cases of fractures shaft femur in children. Materials & Methods: The patients with fractures shaft of femur attending either emergency or outdoor and also patients referred from peripheral hospitals were selected. We included the patient of 5 year to 10 year with closed fractures shaft of femur in children including Gustillo type I fractures. We excluded patients with an active infection, Gustillo type II and type III open fractures of shaft femur, pathological fractures, and abnormal medullary cavity. Out of the 42 patients, 23 were treated by intra-medullary titanium elastic nailing and 19 were treated by surface traction for three weeks followed by one and a half hip spica. After titanium elastic nailing, physical therapy with touchdown weight-bearing was begun as soon as the patient was comfortable, generally around 3weeks. Gentle knee exercises and quadriceps strengthening were begun. Full weight-bearing generally was given by 8 weeks. In conservatively managed group the cast was used until six to eight weeks after the injury. After the cast has been removed, management included skin care and physical therapy with touchdown weight-bearing was begun. Ambulation was accomplished with weight bearing as tolerated. The patients were evaluated at the regular interval of 2, 4, 6 & 8 weekly and after that every month. Results: In the patients treated with titanium elastic nailing the results were excellent in 16 (69.5%) patient, successful in 6 (26%) patient, and poor in 1(4.5%) patient. In the patient treated with traction and spica cast the results were excellent in 11 (58%) patients, successful in 6 (31.5%) and poor in 2 (10.5%) patients. Compared with the children treated with traction and a cast, those treated with titanium elastic nails had significantly shorter hospitalization period(p<0.0001), mean 8.5 days in operated group compared to mean 26 days in conservatively treated group. The time taken for full weight bearing was also significantly less in patient treated with titanium elastic nailing (p<0.0001); mean 9.1 weeks in operated group compared to 11.5 weeks in conservatively treated group. Conclusion: We conclude that closed pediatric femoral shaft fractures within the ages of 5-10 years can be treated successfully by any methods of traction followed by spica cast or intramedullary titanium elastic nailing. However, because of shorter immobilization period and earlier ambulation, we recommend internal fixation with titanium elastic nailing as the better choice to treat this fracture in school aged children

Highly Diastereo- and Enantioselective Synthesis of Spiro-tetrahydrofuran-pyrazolones via Organocatalytic Cascade Reaction between γ‑Hydroxyenones and Unsaturated Pyrazolones

The first diastereo- and enantioselective synthesis of spiro-tetrahydrofuran-pyrazolones is reported via organocatalytic asymmetric cascade oxa-Michael/Michael reaction between γ-hydroxyenones and unsaturated pyrazolones. Bifunctional squaramide catalyst was found to be effective for this reaction. With 10 mol % of catalyst, excellent results were attained for a variety of spiropyrazolones under mild reaction conditions

Highly Diastereo- and Enantioselective Synthesis of Spiro-tetrahydrofuran-pyrazolones via Organocatalytic Cascade Reaction between γ‑Hydroxyenones and Unsaturated Pyrazolones

The first diastereo- and enantioselective synthesis of spiro-tetrahydrofuran-pyrazolones is reported via organocatalytic asymmetric cascade oxa-Michael/Michael reaction between γ-hydroxyenones and unsaturated pyrazolones. Bifunctional squaramide catalyst was found to be effective for this reaction. With 10 mol % of catalyst, excellent results were attained for a variety of spiropyrazolones under mild reaction conditions

Organocatalytic Asymmetric Michael-Hemiacetalization Reaction Between 2‑Hydroxyacetophenones and Enals: A Route to Chiral β,γ-Disubstituted γ‑Butyrolactones

The first highly enantioselective organocatalytic reaction employing 2-hydroxyacetophenones is disclosed, namely Michael-hemiacetalization reaction of 2-hydroxyacetophenones with enals. The combination of a primary amine and a secondary amine catalyst was found to be the best choice for this methodology. The products of this reaction were obtained in high enantio- and diastereoselectivities and were converted to a variety of biologically important γ-butyrolactones