Individual entrepreneurial orientation in higher education and unsettling emerging market conditions: The cases of Malaysia and Thailand

The triggers that guide university students individual entrepreneurial orientation towards new venture creation are an emerging theme. The novel settings of entrepreneurship education the developing country context of South East Asia Malaysia and Thailand are used, while comparing them to key assumptions on general business in Asia and the west. A total of 332 participants were recruited. The items were reduced to five components using principal component analysis, and, using binomial logistic regression, shown to predict some of the variance in perceptions on individual entrepreneurial orientation in Malaysia and Thailand. The study shows that individual entrepreneurial orientation motivators can be separated into the distinct dimensions of which innovation, proactiveness, risk taking, and culture correlate with the the decision to become an entrepreneur in Southeast Asia. In addition, assumptions on business and education in the west and in Asia hold partially in Southeast Asia and entrepreneurial new venture creation particularly regarding risk and autonomy

The effect of autonomy in sustaining social entrepreneurial intention through management education: the cases of Malaysia and Scotland

he study examines what is the role of autonomy on individual social entrepreneurial intention (EI) for students. Furthermore, it examines the differences between the emerging market setting and developed market to gather an understanding of context differences. Using principal component analysis the study finds that the motivators of EI can be divided into 5 components. Following from that the autonomy variable can be divided into 3 sub components. The results present differences in propensity towards EI in the two country settings along with differences in propensity towards social entrepreneurship. The results are unique as they test EI variables from the literature on social entrepreneurship and in an emerging market context. The role of autonomy as a bridge between education and attitude or intention is presented

Mind the gaps: challenges of implementing policy for Scotland’s rural third sector

After Brexit, pandemics and through continuing global economic shocks, the rural third sector continues to navigate a landscape of crisis and challenge while serving communities. We examine Scottish Government policy for the rural third sector and policy implementation mechanisms. Our paper argues, and our evidence shows, that current policy is aspirational and there are deficiencies between rural third sector policy making, policy implementation and the voice of rural communities. Our critical review of Scottish Government documentation examined policy for the third sector in rural conditions, then continued to search government documentation for evidence of action plans and viable implementation strategies. We found that policy makers were aspirational, there are few mechanisms or action plans that support sustainable policy implementation and limited examples of ongoing community consultation. The concern is that while gaps exist between policy making and implementation, government policy will underperform leaving a rural third sector struggling to service their communities and deliver their social mission