Correlation between Fitness and Fatness in 6-14-year Old Serbian School Children

Lack of physical activity and/or physical fitness are some reasons epidemiologists suggest for increase in childhood obesity in the last 20 years, with clear correlation between body composition and physical activity and/or physical fitness yet to be determined. The objectives of the study were to (a) investigate the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Serbian school children and (b) determine the relationship between indicators of physical activity and body fatness in Serbian school children aged 6-14 years. The study subjects included a representative sample of Serbian elementary school children (n=1, 121—754 boys and 367 girls—aged 6.2-14.1 years), all of whom were recruited in the OLIMP (Obesity and Physical Activity among Serbian School Children) study. Anthropometric and physical fitness values, including body mass index (BMI), waist-circumference, body-fat, and aerobic capacity, were measured in all the children. Significant differences were found between male and female children regarding the prevalence of obesity (6.8% vs 8.2%, p<0.05, boys and girls respectively). Boys had significantly lower body mass, BMI, waist-circumference, sum of six skinfolds, and body-fat compared to their female counterparts (p<0.05). The highest level of weight, BMI, body-fat, and waist-circumference observed in a 14-year old girl (96.3 kg, 40.5 kg/m2, 54.5%, 91.4 cm respectively) implies the existence of extreme obesity in Serbian school children. The negative relationship between body-fat and maximal oxygen (VO2max) uptake was moderately high (r=-0.76; p<0.05). The study has shown a high prevalence of adiposity among Serbian school children, with a strong negative relationship between aerobic fitness and body fatness. Data of the study emphasize the necessity to identify children with weight problems and to develop early interventions to improve physical activity in children and prevent the increase of childhood obesity

Correlation between Fitness and Fatness in 6-14-year Old Serbian School Children

Lack of physical activity and/or physical fitness are some reasons epidemiologists suggest for increase in childhood obesity in the last 20 years, with clear correlation between body composition and physical activity and/or physical fitness yet to be determined. The objectives of the study were to (a) investigate the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Serbian school children and (b) determine the relationship between indicators of physical activity and body fatness in Serbian school children aged 6-14 years. The study subjects included a representative sample of Serbian elementary school children (n=1,121\u2014754 boys and 367 girls\u2014aged 6.2-14.1 years), all of whom were recruited in the OLIMP (Obesity and Physical Activity among Serbian School Children) study. Anthropometric and physical fitness values, including body mass index (BMI), waist-circumference, body-fat, and aerobic capacity, were measured in all the children. Significant differences were found between male and female children regarding the prevalence of obesity (6.8% vs 8.2%, p&lt;0.05, boys and girls respectively). Boys had significantly lower body mass, BMI, waist-circumference, sum of six skinfolds, and body-fat compared to their female counterparts (p&lt;0.05). The highest level of weight, BMI, body-fat, and waist-circumference observed in a 14-year old girl (96.3 kg, 40.5 kg/m2, 54.5%, 91.4 cm respectively) implies the existence of extreme obesity in Serbian school children. The negative relationship between body-fat and maximal oxygen (VO2max) uptake was moderately high (r=-0.76; p&lt;0.05). The study has shown a high prevalence of adiposity among Serbian school children, with a strong negative relationship between aerobic fitness and body fatness. Data of the study emphasize the necessity to identify children with weight problems and to develop early interventions to improve physical activity in children and prevent the increase of childhood obesity

Competition policy and Economic Efficiency

The prime purpose of competition policy is to promote and maintain a process of effective competition so as to achieve a more efficient allocation of resources. The improvement of competition regime is necessary for ensuring competitiveness of goods and services. The purpose and aims of competition policy (giving in the competition law) are general protection of competition, anti-collusion, anti-monopoly and merger control, conduct of public agents (including firms enjoying exclusive rights). Competition policy also depends on the pro-competitive nature of other parts of economic policy (for example, trade policy)

Zrównoważony rozwój regionu: przypadek Centrum Logistycznego w Pirot

Looking for a sustainable solution for the development of the regional area, the City of Pirot, Republic of Serbia and Free Zone Pirot company established a public private partnership for the purpose of developing the Logistic Centre Pirot. This consists of a bimodal transport terminal together with an industrial park which will enable the attraction of new investors, decrease the level of environmental pollution, increase substitution of fossil fuels, decrease transportation prices and connect to the multimodal transport network.Szukając zrównoważonego rozwiązania dla rozwoju lokalnego obszaru, miasto Pirot, Republika Serbii oraz firma Wolna Strefa Pirot stworzyły publiczno-prywatne partnerstwo w celu rozwoju Centrum Logistycznego w Pirot. Obejmuje to bimodalny terminal transportowy z parkiem przemysłowym, który umożliwia przyciąganie nowych inwestorów, zmniejsza poziom zanieczyszczenia środowiska, zwiększa zastępowanie paliw kopalnianych, redukuje koszty transportu i łączy się z multimodalną siecią transportową

Tehnološki parametri briketiranja biomase miskantusa

In this paper, the specific characteristics of Miscanthus straw briquetting process are presented, as well as the problems and difficulties that may be expected in the processing of this new and potentially profitable bioenergy crop. By Miscanthus cultivation and the straw briquetting in small capacity plants, even small farms may achieve a cost-effective production. By obeying the main technologic requirements of briquetting plant, good quality Miscanthus briquettes may be produced.У раду смо приказали специфичности процеса брикетирања биомасе мискантуса и проблеме и потешкоће који се могу очекивати код прераде ове нове и потенцијално врло приходовне биоенергетске сировине. Гајењем мискантуса и брикетирањем његове сламе, коришћењем постројења малог капацитета, економичну производњу могу остварити и мања пољопривредна газдинства. Поштовањем основних технолошких параметара постројења за брикетирање могу се произвести квалитетни брикети од мискантуса

Polymetallic mineralization of the Boranja orefield, Podrinje Metallogenic District, Serbia: zonality, mineral associations and genetic features

The Serbo-Macedonian Metallogenetic Province, part of the Alpine metallogenic belt, hosts several ore deposits in mainly three geotectonic units: the Vardar Zone, the Serbo-Macedonian massif, and to a lesser extend the Dinarides. This metallogenic province includes the most significant Pb-Zn and Sb deposits in Serbia, as well as smaller Bi, Mo, Cu, Fe, Sn, Au and minor U, Wand Hg deposits, which are genetically related to emplacement of granitoids. The Podrinje Metallogenic District belongs to the Serbo-Macedonian Metallogenetic Province and incorporates several smaller orefields: Cer (Northwest Serbia), Boranja (West Serbia), and Srebrenica (East Bosnia and Herzegovina). Polymetallic deposits in the Boranja orefield are genetically related to the emplacement of the Tertiary Boranja granodiorite complex. The orefield contains a large number of sulfide deposits with Pb-Zn, and Sb with subordinate Cu, As, Bi and Ag. Small magnetite deposits connected to pyrometasomatic (skarn) stage are also significant. Skarns are of calcic type, and were formed along contacts of Triassic limestones and quartz diorites. Ore minerals are similar among the various types of orebodies in the Boranja orefield and consist of sulfides, sulfosalts [Pb-Bi-(Ag)-Te-Cu, Pb-Sb-(As), Sb-Cu-(Ag, Fe, Zn)], tellurides, native metals and alloys, oxides and complex-oxides, and gangue minerals. Minerals of the Boranja orefield were formed in several successive stages, which together correspond to a single regional-scale mineralization event that is genetically related to the subvulcanic-plutonic intrusion of the Neogene-aged magmatic Boranja complex. This can be best demonstrated by the zonal arrangement of several metallic mineral associations [Fe-Cu(Bi) - GT Pb(Ag)-Zn - GT Sb(As) - GT CaF2(Pb-Zn)], with increasing distance from the Boranja granodiorite. Silver occurs as a minor metal principally as Ag-tetrahedrite, with subordinate native silver, Ag-bearing gold and pyrargyrite. Significant quantities of Ag can also be accommodated in galena as it is found to contain varied amounts of Ag, Bi and Sb (0.001-0.936, 0-3.345, and 0.012-0.510 wt%, respectively). The presence of both Ag and Bi in significant amounts in a Pb-rich sulfide system is essential for development of galena [solid solution alpha-(Pb-2, AgSb, AgBi)S-2]. This study demonstrates that silver, the most economic metal in Boranja orefield, is mainly accommodated in the galena structure, with lesser amounts present in the form of visible and/or invisible Pb-Bi-(Ag) sulfosalts