Analysis of implementation and application of procedural due process required by Goss v Lopez

This dissertation examines the jurisprudence of student procedural due process rights. Review of the literature available prior to the recognition of student due process rights by the Supreme Court in Goss v. Lopez (1975) was performed and subsequently led to questions directly related to the emergence of due process protections. A detailed analysis of Goss v. Lopez (1975) identified student due process standards. Following the decision, courts cited the precedent on nearly two thousand five hundred occasions. Review of these citations yielded eighty-six cases relevant to analysis of implementation and application of the Goss precedent. Finally, the patterns of interruption and application and unanswered questions were identified; Since 1975 Federal Courts have been called upon to interpret and apply the Goss precedent. This study investigates the implementation and application of Goss by Federal Courts. This study targeted student due process. In reviewing case law dealing with the administration of the Fourteenth Amendment, the study determined how the various federal courts have interpreted and applied the Goss landmark over the past three decades. This study also reviewed Nevada Revises Statues and Clark County School District Policy and Regulations to determine their consistency with Goss v. Lopez. Special attention to cases in which school administrators were questioned with regard to the application of due process during student discipline procedures was presented. Finally, the study sought to identify patterns in the courts\u27 rulings that provide guidance for today\u27s school administrators faced with student discipline issues.*; *This dissertation is a compound document (contains both a paper copy and a CD as part of the dissertation)

Effects of whitewater parks on fish passage: a spatially explicit hydraulic analysis

2014 Fall.Includes bibliographical references.Whitewater parks (WWPs) provide a valuable recreational and economic resource that is rapidly growing in popularity throughout the United States. WWPs were originally thought to enhance aquatic habitat; however, recent studies have shown that the hydraulic conditions required to meet recreational needs can act as a partial barrier to upstream migrating trout and that WWP pools may contain lower densities of fish compared to natural pools. There is limited knowledge of the direct effects of WWPs on fish passage. Managers and policy makers are forced to review WWP designs and make permit decisions without sound scientific evidence. It is also difficult to make design recommendations for future WWPs and possibly retrofitting existing WWPs to allow for successful fish passage without improved understanding of the factors contributing to suppression of movement in WWPs. We describe novel approaches combining fish movement data and hydraulic results from a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model to examine the physical processes that limit upstream movement of trout in an actual WWP in Lyons, Colorado. These methods provide a continuous and spatially explicit description of velocity, depth, vorticity, and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) along potential fish swimming paths in the flow field. Variation in the magnitude and distribution of velocity and depth relative to fish swimming ability is reflective of variation in passage success among WWP structures and size classes of fish. Logistic regression analyses indicate a significant influence of velocity and depth on limiting passage success and accurately predict > 86 percent observed fish movements. Relationships emerge at individual WWP structures that highlight unique hydraulic characteristics and their effect on passage success. The methods described in this study provide a powerful approach to quantify hydraulic conditions at a scale meaningful to a fish and mechanistically evaluate the effects of hydraulic structures on fish passage. The results of these analyses can be used for management and design guidance, have implications for fishes with lesser swimming abilities, and demonstrate the need to assess additional WWPs of various sizes

Letters between Timothy Cloran and William Kerr\u27s secretary

Letters concerning a position in the modern languages department at Utah Agricultural College

Learning from the evaluation of two large improvement programmes for emergency general surgery in the UK National Health Service.

PhD Theses MedicalBackground Robust evaluations of the effectiveness of Quality Improvement (QI) remain rare, and subsequently the evidence for the use of QI, and what may influence the success of such efforts, is weak. Methods EPOCH was a stepped-wedge, randomised trial of a QI programme, in 93 hospitals, designed to reduce mortality in patients requiring emergency abdominal surgery. CholeQuIC was a controlled evaluation of a 12-hospital project designed to reduce time to emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy for patients with acute gallstone disease. Both studies had concurrent process evaluations. Results The EPOCH trial found no reduction in 90-day mortality associated with the improvement programme (16% mortality in both groups (Hazard ratio, QI vs usual care: 1.11 [0.96-1.28])). Hospital-level time-series analysis identified that only a small cohort of hospitals (14/93) improved half or more of the target care processes, suggesting a degree of implementation failure. Major influences included limited time and scarce resources to support clinicians leading improvement, including an onerous burden of data collection. CholeQuIC demonstrated that eight of 12 participating hospitals significantly reduced time to surgery when compared to national data from the same period (relative change in surgery ≤8 days, QI vs control group: 1.45 vs. 1.08 ([1.29-1.62]). Major influences include stakeholder 6 engagement, allocated time to lead plus effective project support and a willingness to test out new ideas. The QI methods used in both projects were similar, but the scale and complexity of the change required was less in CholeQuIC and more within the control of clinicians to improve. Conclusions Concurrent outcome and process evaluations are necessary to understand if and how Quality Improvement projects work. Choosing a problem amenable to clinician-led Quality Improvement, using QI multiple methods that focus on effective stakeholder engagement and protected time for clinicians to lead improvement are major influences on whether Quality Improvement is effective or not

Community Violence in Childhood

Experiencing violence in childhood is an all too common occurrence, especially in sexual and gender minority communities. It can be hard to dictate predictors of these such occurrences, which is the focus of our study. A survey regarding many different experiences members of these communities can have was taken by 1316 people via Reddit. Out of these participants, 309 reported experiencing some form of violence in their childhood. Among the demographic information taken for the survey, none had a significant correlation besides education. Although this factor did have statistical significance, there is no logical explanation as education can be continued after childhood, therefore it isn’t necessarily classified as a predictor. There was a larger amount of reported violence in childhood among gender minorities than sexual minorities, however. This increase can be due to many factors, the main one potentially being the difference in how a person may present their sexuality versus how they may present their gender. These findings help begin the start of the research towards why these violent experiences can be common among these communities and preventative measures that can be taken to put an end to it

PhySortR: a fast, flexible tool for sorting phylogenetic trees in R

A frequent bottleneck in interpreting pylogenomic output is the need to screen often thousands of trees for features of interest, particularly robust clades of specific taxa, as evidence of rnonophyletic relationship and/or reticulated evolution. Here we present PhySortR, a fast, flexible R. package for classifying phylogenetic trees. Unlike existing utilities, PhySortR allows for identification of both exclusive and non-exclusive clades uniting the target taxa based on tip labels (i.e., leaves) on a tree, with customisable options to assess clades within the context of the whole tree. Using simulated and empirical datasets, we demonstrate the potential and scalability of PhySortR in analysis of thousands of phylogenetic trees without a priori assumption of tree-rooting, and in yielding readily interpretable trees that unambiguously satisfy the query. PhySortR is a command line tool that is freely available and easily automatable