The Newborn Infant's Thermal Environment in the Delivery Room When Skin-to-Skin Care Has to Be Interrupted.

International audienceOBJECTIVE: Newborns are prone to hypothermia immediately following birth. Hypothermia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates. We sought to assess the thermal environment and metabolic costs associated with exposure to various situations in the delivery room when skin-to-skin care (SSC) has to be curtailed. METHODS: Environmental variables (air temperature: T(a); relative humidity: RH; radiative temperature: T(r); and air convection velocity) were recorded during sequences reproducing SSC, in the maternity unit's various rooms ("passive environments") and in incubators ("active environments"). Analytical calorimetry was then used to calculate the body heat loss (BHL) from these data. RESULTS: The analysis of 1280 measurements of T(a,) RH, T(r), and air convection velocity in SSC, passive and active environments revealed that (i) the thermohygrometric environment during SSC was optimal (T(a): 32.7\,±\,3.2\,° C; RH: 50.9\,±\,5.6%), (ii) BHL rose when SSC had to be interrupted, and (iii) the use of a radiant incubator prevented hypothermia and reduced dry BHL but not humid BHL (9.4\,±\,1.5\,kcal/kg/h; p\,<\,.001), relative to SSC (5.8\,±\,2.0\,kcal/kg/h; p\,<\,.001). CONCLUSION: The newborn infant's thermohygrometric environment is optimal during SSC in the delivery room. When SSC was interrupted, T(a) and RH always decreased, and BHL increased in all passive environments

Effect of daily co-exposure to inulin and chlorpyrifos on selected microbiota endpoints in the SHIME® model

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Changes in composition and function of human intestinal microbiota exposed to chlorpyrifos in oil as assessed by the SHIME (R) model

The presence of pesticide residues in food is a public health problem. Exposure to these substances in daily life could have serious effects on the intestine-the first organ to come into contact with food contaminants. The present study investigated the impact of a low dose (1 mg/day in oil) of the pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) on the community structure, diversity and metabolic response of the human gut microbiota using the SHIME (R) model (six reactors, representing the different parts of the gastrointestinal tract). The last three reactors (representing the colon) were inoculated with a mixture of feces from human adults. Three time points were studied: immediately before the first dose of CPF, and then after 15 and 30 days of CPF-oil administration. By using conventional bacterial culture and molecular biology methods, we showed that CPF in oil can affect the gut microbiota. It had the greatest effects on counts of culturable bacteria (with an increase in Enterobacteria, Bacteroides spp. and clostridia counts, and a decrease in bifidobacterial counts) and fermentative activity, which were colon-segment-dependent. Our results suggest that: (i) CPF in oil treatment affects the gut microbiota (although there was some discordance between the culture-dependent and culture-independent analyses); (ii) the changes are "SHIME (R)-compartment" specific; and (iii) the changes are associated with minor alterations in the production of short-chain fatty acids and lactate