FIRST RECORD OF BATHYTHRIX FORMOSA (DESVIGNES) (ICHNEUMONIDAE: CRYPTINAE) IN SERBIA

Bathythrix formosa (Desvignes, 1860) is a new finding of the ichneumonid wasp for the Serbian fauna. It was recorded on the locality Bojanine vode, Suva mt. Serbia from the host species Agroeca sp (Aranea: Liocranidae)

Effects of Transcranial Electrical Stimulation on Gambling and Gaming: A Systematic Review of Studies on Healthy Controls, Participants with Gambling/Gaming Disorder, and Substance Use Disorder

Gambling disorder (GD) and internet gaming disorder (IGD) are formally recognized behavioral addictions with a rapidly growing prevalence and limited treatment options. Recently, transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) techniques have emerged as potentially promising interventions for improving treatment outcomes by ameliorating cognitive functions implicated in addictive behaviors. To systematize the current state of evidence and better understand whether and how tES can influence gambling and gaming-related cognitive processes, we conducted a PRISMA-guided systematic review of the literature, focusing on tES effects on gaming and gambling in a diverse range of population samples, including healthy participants, participants with GD and IGD, as well as participants with substance abuse addictions. Following the literature search in three bibliographic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus), 40 publications were included in this review, with 26 conducted on healthy participants, 6 focusing on GD and IGD patients, and 8 including participants with other addictions. Most of the studies targeted the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and assessed the effects on cognition, using gaming and gambling computerized cognitive tasks measuring risk taking and decision making, e.g., balloon analogue risk task, Iowa gambling task, Cambridge gambling task, etc. The results indicated that tES could change gambling and gaming task performances and positively influence GD and IGD symptoms, with 70% of studies showing neuromodulatory effects. However, the results varied considerably depending on the stimulation parameters, sample characteristics, as well as outcome measures used. We discuss the sources of this variability and provide further directions for the use of tES in the context of GD and IGD treatment

Phylogenetic relationships among genera of subtribe Lysiphlebina and taxonomic status of Adialytus (Foerster) species (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Aphindiinae)

Rod Adialytus predstavlja jedan od tri roda subtribusa Lysiphlebina. Pored ovog, ovde spadaju rodovi Lysiphlebus i Lysiphlebia. Ukupno je opisano sedam vrsta roda Adialytus, koje su rasprostranjene širom Palearktika. Adialytus je dugo bio razmatran kao podrod u okviru roda Lysiphlebus, sa kojim deli mnoge morfološke karaktere. Pored nerazjašnjenog statusa ovog roda, postoje velike poteškoće pri identifikaciji vrsta u okviru samog roda Adialytus. U ovom radu su analizirane tri najčešće evropske vrste: Adialytus ambiguus, A. salicaphis i A. thelaxis. Ukupno je analizirano 228 jedinki, pri čemu analiza obuhvata isključivo ženke. Korišćene su tri metode za morfološku i genetičku karakterizaciju vrsta roda Adialytus. Metodom „tradicionalne“ morfometrije su analizirani meristički i kontinuirani karakteri, pri čemu su kontinuirani karakteri predstavljeni kao dužinski odnosi. Metoda gemetrijske morfometrije je korišćena za ispitivanje obrasca varijabilnosti oblika prednjih krila. Molekularne analize su sprovedene korišćenjem mitohondrijalnog gena za citohrom oksidazu 1 (mtCOI) i gena za veliku ribozomalnu subjedinicu 28S (28S rRNK). Upotrebom „tradicionalne“ morfometrije utvrđena je statistički značajna varijabilnost između tri analizirane vrste roda Adialytus. Najveću varijabilnost su pokazali karakteri kao što je broj mirisnih brazdi na prvom, drugom i petom flagelarnom članku antena. Takođe, značajne razlike su uočene i u samim proporcijama analiziranih flagelarnih članaka. Geometrijskom morfometrijom detektovane su izvesne razlike u obliku prednjih krila. Distalni deo krila ima znatno veću varijabilnost u odnosu na proksimalni. Jedinke A. ambiguus imaju relativno uska krila i dugačak metakarpus, za razliku od A. salicaphis i A. thelaxis. Molekularnom analizom na osnovu mtCOI gena potvrđeno je da je A. thelaxis „dobra“ vrsta. Genetičke razlike između A. ambiguus i A. salicaphis su relativno male i na graničnim vrednostima za specijsko razdvajanje...The genus Adialytus is a member of the subtribe Lysiphlebina. Beside this genus the subtribe encompasses two more genera: Lysiphlebus and Lysiphlebia. So far, seven valid Adialytus species have been recognized which can be found throughout the Palaearctic. The genus Adialytus was previously considered as a subgenus within the genus Lysiphlebus, which it resembles to. Beside the unclear status of this genus, there are many difficulties concerning identification of Adialytus species. In this work, three most common European species were analyzed: Adialytus ambiguus, A. salicaphis and A. thelaxis. In total, 228 specimens were included into analysis, all being females. Three methods were involved into morphological and genetic characterization of the Adialytus species. Traditional morphometrics is used for the analysis of meristic and continuous characters. However, continuous characters were represented as a relation of lengths and widths. Geometric morphometrics is used in forewing shape analysis. For the molecular analysis on the species level, the mitochondrial gene for cytochrome oxidase 1 is used (mtCOI) , while for the relation among the genera of the subtribe Lysiphlebina, the ribosomal gene 28S (28SrRNK) is used. According to the traditional morphometrics a statistically significant variability is detected among the all three Adialytus species. The greatest variability is detected in the number of olfactory grooves (rhinaria) on the first, second and fifth flagellar segment of antenna. Furthermore, significant differences are detected in the proportions of the very segments. The differences in the forewing shape are detected by the geometric morphometrics method. The distal part of the forewing is much more variable than proximal. The species A. ambiguus has relatively narrow forewings and long metacarpus in contrast to A. salicaphis and A. thelaxis..

SPINAL CORD POSTURE IN THE SAGITTAL PLANE AMONG YOUNG SCHOOLCHILDREN RESIDING IN THE AREA OF KNJAŽEVAC

In determining the postural status of the spinal column of preschool age children or young school age children, early detection of bad posture is necessary, so that it could be rectified through the proper corrective exercise. The aim of this study is to determine the state of the postural disorders of the spinal column, viewed in the sagittal plane, on a population of preschool children, and young school age children, living on the territory of the municipality of Knjaževac. The sample of participants consisted of 515 young school age and  125 preschool children. In order to determine the postural status of the spinal column in the sagittal plane, we used the ‘Spinal Mouse’ measuring instrument. The results have shown that in both age groups, more than 50% of the children have some form of postural disorder in the sagittal plane. The most widely distributed disorders are the kyphotic and lordotic posture, followed by kypholordosis. In terms of gender, younger school age girls have a more pronounced kypholordotic posture when compared to the boys, with 6% and 1.6% respectively. The frequency of the other postural disorders is almost identical. In the case of female preschool children, the kyphotic posture is  more predominant, while in the case of the boys the lordotic posture is more frequent. The obtained data are important for designing a proper corrective gymnastics program for the improvement of the postural status of the spinal column in the sagittal plane of children living in Knjaževac.Key words: kyphosis, lordosis, straight back, gender, difference

Blinding in tDCS Studies: Correct End-of-Study Guess Does Not Moderate the Effects on Associative and Working Memory

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has become a valuable tool in cognitive neuroscience research as it enables causal inferences about neural underpinnings of cognition. However, studies using tDCS to modulate cognitive functions often yield inconsistent findings. Hence, there is an increasing interest in factors that may moderate the effects, one of which is the participants’ beliefs of the tDCS condition (i.e., real or sham) they received. Namely, whether participants’ correct guessing of sham condition may lead to false-positive tDCS effects. In this study, we aimed to explore if participants’ beliefs about received stimulation type (i.e., the success of blinding) impacted their task performance in tDCS experiments on associative (AM) and working memory (WM). We analyzed data from four within-subject, sham-controlled tDCS memory experiments (N = 83) to check if the correct end-of-study guess of sham condition moderated tDCS effects. We found no evidence that sham guessing moderated post-tDCS memory performance in experiments in which tDCS effects were observed as well as in experiments that showed null effects of tDCS. The results suggest that the correct sham guessing (i.e., placebo-like effect) is unlikely to influence the results in tDCS memory experiments. We discuss the results in light of the growing debate about the relevance and effectiveness of blinding in brain stimulation research

FIRST RECORD OF BATHYTHRIX FORMOSA (DESVIGNES) (ICHNEUMONIDAE: CRYPTINAE) IN SERBIA

Bathythrix formosa (Desvignes, 1860) is a new finding of the ichneumonid wasp for the Serbian fauna. It was recorded on the locality Bojanine vode, Suva mt. Serbia from the host species Agroeca sp (Aranea: Liocranidae)

Gait Characteristics during Dual-Task Walking in Elderly Subjects of Different Ages

Background: In older age, walking ability gradually decreases due to factors including impaired balance, reduced muscle strength, and impaired vision and proprioception. Further, cognitive functions play a key role during walking and gradually decline with age. There is greater variability in gait parameters when the demands during walking increase, in dual- and multiple-task situations. The aim of this study was to analyze gait parameters while performing a demanding cognitive and motor dual task in three different age-related healthy elderly subject groups. Method: A total of 132 healthy individuals (54 males, 78 females) were divided into three groups—55 to 65, 66 to 75, and 76 to 85 years. The subjects performed a basic walking task, dual motor task, dual mental task, and combined motor and mental task while walking. The gait parameters cycle time, stride length, swing time, and double support time were noted, as well as the variability of those parameters. Results: Cycle time was longer and stride length was shorter in the >76-year-old group than in the 51–65-year-old group in all test conditions. A comparison of all three groups did not show a significant difference in swing time, while double support time was increased in the same group. Conclusions: Changes are observed when gait is performed simultaneously with an additional motor or cognitive task. Early detection of gait disorders can help identify elderly people at increased risk of falls. Employing a dual-task paradigm during gait assessment in healthy elderly subjects may help identify cognitive impairment early in the course of the disturbance

Can Transcranial Electrical Stimulation modulate gambling and gaming behaviors?

Gambling Disorder (GD) and Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) are formally recognized behavioral addictions with a rapidly growing prevalence and limited treatment options. Recently, transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) techniques have emerged as potentially promising interventions for improving treatment outcomes by ameliorating cognitive functions implicated in addictive behaviors. To systematize the current state of evidence and better understand whether and how tES can influence gambling and gaming-related cognitive processes, we conducted a PRISMA-guided systematic review of the literature focusing on tES effects on risky gambling and gaming behaviors in a diverse range of population samples, including healthy participants, participants with GD and IGD, as well as substance abuse addictions. Following the literature search in three bibliographic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus) 40 publications have been included in this review, with 26 conducted on healthy participants, six focusing on GD and IGD patients, and eight including participants with other addictions. Most of the studies targeted the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). The results indicated that tES could change gambling and gaming behaviors and positively influence GD and IGD symptoms. However, the results varied considerably depending on the stimulation parameters, sample characteristics, as well as outcome measures used. We discuss the sources of this variability and provide further directions for the use of tES in the context of GD and IGD treatment

THE OPTIMAL KINEMATIC MODEL OF THE PERFORMANCE OF THE CLEAR HIP CIRCLE TO HANDSTAND ON THE UNEVEN BARS – A CASE STUDY

The aim of this research was to define the optimal kinematic parameters of performance of the Clear hip circle to handstand on uneven bars (KOVT). The optimal kinematic model defined in this case study represents an example of the successful performance of the Clear hip circle to handstand on the uneven bars. The exercise was performed at the 39th and 40th World Cup in Artistic gymnastics in Maribor (SLO). The kinematic parameters were specified by the APAS 3-D video system (Ariel Dynamics Inc., San Diego, CA), using 16 anthropometric reference points and 8 body segments (Foot, Ankle, Knee joint, Hip joint, Wrist, Elbow joint, Shoulder joint and Head), in which one of the points represents the center of gravity of the body. The female gymnasts (N=15), mean age 17.5 yrs, who performed one Clear hip circle on the uneven bars performed two KOVTs in their gymnastics routine, while the rest performed one KOVT on the uneven bars, mean age 17.5. The main method in this research was kinematic, and the additional one was statistical. Optimizing the technique of successful performance of the KOVT is important for detecting different styles of the technique that occur in female gymnasts

TWO NEW HYMENOPTERAN FINDINGS IN SERBIA: DIPRION SIMILIS (DIPRIONIDAE) AS HOST AND ITS PARASITOID, MONODONTOMERUS DENTIPES (TORYMIDAE)

Two hymenopteran species are reported for the Serbian fauna. Diprion similis, from the family Diprionidae, served as a host for the parasitoid wasp Monodontomerus dentipes, from the family Torymidae. The specimens were collected from Mt. Zlatibor in western Serbia. The parasitoid specimens were reared from the pupal stadium of the host D. similis. &nbsp