AN PERFECT DESIGN FOR TESTABILITY IMPLEMENTATION OF SLEEP CONVENTION LOGIC ON SCAN CELL DESIGN

Design for testability (DFT) refers to a new hardware that reduces check generation quality and checks price also will increase check quality. Sleep Convention Logic (SCL) is associated asynchronous logic vogue that relies on Null Convention Logic (NCL). Within the SCL the combinative blocks are made from threshold gates. SCL utilizes power gating technique to additional reduce the ability consumption by incorporating the sleep signal in each single gate. Their are presently no DFT methodologies existing for SCL. However, within the current NCL, specific DFT strategies cannot be directly used as a result of the sleep mechanism for power gating. The aim of this paper is to implement twin rail sleep convention logic S-BOX and to analyze the varied stuck at faults among the SCL pipeline and also improves the fault coverage. To research the ability consumption throughout traditional AES S-Box and twin rail AES S-Box. Thence the project stands for analyzing the stuck-at faults and up the fault coverage by mistreatment scan primarily based testing methodology

VLSI IMPLEMENTATION OF HIGH PERFORMANCE MONTGOMERY MODULAR MULTIPLICATION FOR CRYPTO GRAPHICAL

The multiplier factor receives and outputs the data with binary illustration and uses solely one-level Carry Save Adder (CSA) to avoid the carry propagation at each addition operation. This CSA is additionally accustomed perform operand pre-computation and format conversion from the carry save format to the binary illustration, leading to an occasional hardware price and short important path delay at the expense of additional clock cycles for finishing one standard multiplication. To beat the weakness, a Configurable CSA (CCSA), that may be one full-adder or 2 serial half-adders, is projected to scale back the additional clock cycles for quantity pre-computation and format conversion by 0.5. The mechanism which will notice and skip the surplus carry-save addition operations in the one-level CCSA design whereas maintaining the short important path delay is developed. The additional clock cycles for quantity pre-computation and format conversion is hidden and the high turnout is obtained. AES relies on a style principle called a substitution-permutation network, combination of each substitution and permutation, and is quick in each software package and hardware. AES doesn't use a Festal network. AES is a variant of Irondale that encompasses a fastened block size of 128 bits, and a key size of 128, 192, or 256 bits. By contrast, the Irondale specification in and of itself is nominative with block and key sizes that will be any multiple of thirty-two bits, both with a minimum of 128 and a most of 256 bits.AES operates on a 4×4 column-major order matrix of bytes, termed the state, though some versions of Irondale has a bigger block size and have further columns within the state. Most AES calculations square measure tired a special finite field

Spin-phonon coupling in multiferroic RCrO3_3 (R-Y, Lu, Gd, Eu, Sm): A Raman study

Raman study on a select few orthochromites, RCrO$_3$ (R = Y, Lu, Gd, Eu and Sm) shows that the phonon behavior at TN in compounds with magnetic R-ion (Gd and Sm) is remarkably different from that of non-magnetic R-ion (Y, Lu and Eu). While anomalies in most of the observed phonon frequencies in all these compounds may result from the distortion of CrO$_6$ octahedra due to size effect and magnetostriction arising from Cr-ordering, the anomalous behavior of their linewidths observed at TN for the compounds with only magnetic R-ion suggests spin-phonon coupling. The presence of spin-phonon coupling and the anomalies in the low frequency modes related to R-ion motion in orthochromites (R = Gd and Sm) support the suggestion that the coupling between 4f-3d moments play important role in inducing switchable electric polarization.Comment: 6 pages (two column format), 7 figures; The updated version of the manuscript can be found at Euro. Phys. Lett. 101, 17008 (2013

Automatic license plate recognition using pre-processing methods

In this paper, we present a method to automatically detect a vehiclersquos number by usingnbsp pre-processing techniques. We also include image enhancement techniques, edge detection methods, morphological methods including image filling and some techniques like image filling. This paper provides an advantage of effective detection of more number of vehicles compared to the detection using edge detection methods.nbs

Influence of lattice distortion on the Curie temperature and spin-phonon coupling in LaMn0.5_{0.5}Co0.5_{0.5}O3_{3}

Two distinct ferromagnetic phases of LaMn$_{0.5}$Co$_{0.5}$O$_{3}$ having monoclinic structure with distinct physical properties have been studied. The ferromagnetic ordering temperature $\textit{T}_{c}$ is found to be different for both the phases. The origin of such contrasting characteristics is assigned to the changes in the distance(s) and angle(s) between Mn - O - Co resulting from distortions observed from neutron diffraction studies. Investigations on the temperature dependent Raman spectroscopy provide evidence for such structural characteristics, which affects the exchange interaction. The difference in B-site ordering which is evident from the neutron diffraction is also responsible for the difference in $\textit{T}_{c}$. Raman scattering suggests the presence of spin-phonon coupling for both the phases around the $\textit{T}_{c}$. Electrical transport properties of both the phases have been investigated based on the lattice distortion.Comment: 9 figure

Exploring the Anti-inflammatory and Anti-cancer compounds from the leaves of Acalypha indica

Abstract: Acalypha indica (Euphorbiaceae) is commonly known as Indian Copperleaf and India

Computer-augmented modeling studies of Pb(II) and Cd(II) complexes with maleic acid in ethylene glycol–water mixture

Chemical speciation of binary complexes of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions with maleic acid have been studied pH metrically in the concentration range of 0–50% v/v ethylene glycol (EG)–water mixtures maintaining an ionic strength of 0.16 molL−1 at 303 K. Alkalimetric titrations were carried out in different relative concentrations of metal and maleic acid. Stability constants of various models of binary complexes were refined with MINIQUAD75. The best-fit chemical models were selected based on statistical parameters and residual analysis. The species detected are ML2, ML3, and ML2H for Pb(II) and Cd(II). The chemical speciation, metal bioavailability, and transportation are explained based on the distribution diagrams

Qualitative Study on production of Methyl ester (Biodiesel) from Castor oil and Nannochloropsis

Biodiesel is evolving to be one of the most employed biofuels for partial replacement of petroleum-based diesel fuel. The most widely used feed stocks for biodiesel production are vegetable oils. But beside this traditional feedstock, microalgae is also of growing interest as a potential feedstock for biodiesel production due to its high lipid content when cultured under certain environment. In this work, biodiesel has been produced from Castor oil and Nannochloropsis Salina. The lipid content from Nannochloropsishas been extracted and converted into methyl ester using Soxhlet extraction (using two different solvents- n-hexane and chloroform and methanol mixture) followed by transesterification and using microwave assisted in-situ transesterification. The result shows that microwave irradiation has positive effect on lipid extraction from microalgae compared to traditional energy intensive Soxhlet extraction method. Although the microwave assisted in-situ transesterification is proved to be more effective for rupturing the rigid cell structure, the scalability of this process may be a challenge for large scale lipid extraction setup. The fatty acid composition of both the biodiesel sample was determined by Gas Chromatography. Results demonstrated that the COME (Castor oil methyl ester) is a better choice for diesel blending than Nannochloropsis Salina methyl ester