Pure hydroxyapatite synthesis originating from amorphous calcium carbonate

We report a synthesis strategy for pure hydroxyapatite (HAp) using an amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) colloid as the starting source. Room-temperature phosphorylation and subsequent calcination produce pure HAp via intermediate amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP). The pre-calcined sample undergoes a competitive transformation from ACC to ACP and crystalline calcium carbonate. The water content, ACC concentration, Ca/P molar ratio, and pH during the phosphorylation reaction play crucial roles in the final phase of the crystalline phosphate compound. Pure HAp is formed after ACP is transformed from ACC at a low concentration (1 wt%) of ACC colloid (1.71 < Ca/P < 1.88), whereas Ca/P = 1.51 leads to pure beta-tricalcium phosphate. The ACP phases are precursors for calcium phosphate compounds and may determine the final crystalline phase

Advances in Nanofabrication Technology for Nutraceuticals:New Insights and Future Trends

Bioactive components such as polyphenolics, flavonoids, bioactive peptides, pigments, and essential fatty acids were known to ward off some deadliest diseases. Nutraceuticals are those beneficial compounds that may be food or part of food that has come up with medical or health benefits. Nanoencapsulation and nanofabricated delivery systems are an imminent approach in the field of food sciences. The sustainable fabrication of nutraceuticals and biocompatible active components indisputably enhances the food grade and promotes good health. Nanofabricated delivery systems include carbohydrates-based, lipids (solid and liquid), and proteins-based delivery systems. Solid nano-delivery systems include lipid nanoparticles. Liquid nano-delivery systems include nanoliposomes and nanoemulsions. Physicochemical properties of nanoparticles such as size, charge, hydrophobicity, and targeting molecules affect the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of nano delivery systems. Advance research in toxicity studies is necessary to ensure the safety of the nanofabricated delivery systems, as the safety of nano delivery systems for use in food applications is unknown. Therefore, improved nanotechnology could play a pivotal role in developing functional foods, a contemporary concept assuring the consumers to provide programmed, high-priced, and high-quality research toward nanofabricated delivery systems

Mathematical Modeling to Describe Drying Behavior of Kyoho (Vitis labruscana) Skin Waste: Drying Kinetics and Quality Attributes

Grape skin (Kyoho: Vitis labruscana), a by-product of processed grapes, was experimentally investigated for its drying behavior at different drying temperatures with five thin layer drying models. Moreover, we determined the effect of drying temperature on the bioactive capacity of Kyoho skin. The experimental moisture ratio decreased with increasing drying temperature. The drying process was predicted by mathematical models, such as Page (303.15 K: R2 = 0.9815, 333.15 K: R2 = 0.9685) and two-term (313.15 K: R2 = 0.9639, 323.15 K: R2 = 0.9737) models. Moisture diffusivity (Deff) ranged from 2.87 &times; 10&minus;8 to 9.82 &times; 10&minus;8 m2/s, with an activation energy (Ea) of 33.78 &plusmn; 1.06 kJ/mol. Total phenolic compounds (0.37 &plusmn; 0.04 to 0.23 &plusmn; 0.03 mg GAE/g) and antioxidant activities (DPPH&bull; activity of 93.06 to 73.31%) of Kyoho skin were significantly affected by drying temperature. Thus, this study concluded that the drying process decreased the bioactive potential of grape skin; therefore, we recommend that the food processing industry needs to consider drying variables during the processing of grape skin-based value-added products for improved food production

Bioactive Formulations in Agri-Food-Pharma: Source and Applications

Bioactive compounds are the secondary metabolites produced by the plant cell through numerous metabolic pathways [...

Bioactive Formulations in Agri-Food-Pharma: Source and Applications

Bioactive compounds are the secondary metabolites produced by the plant cell through numerous metabolic pathways [...

Mass transfer kinetics and process optimization of osmotic dehydration of Kinnow mandarin ( Citrus reticulata ) peel

International audienceKinnow mandarin (Citrus reticulata) is a hybrid citrus cultivar of 'King' and 'Willow leaf' mandarin and received much scientific attention in terms of nutrition, health benefits, and economic value (Singla, Panesar, et al., 2021). Kinnow is the major fruit crop predominantly grown in the northern region of India and an important biological resource to be comprehensively utilized. Globally, the citrus industry has developed in more than 140 countries with an annual output of >146 million tons (Chen et al., 2019) and contributes >18% of total fruit production in the world. Most Kinnow fruits were mainly used for juice production and its processing. Kinnow peel and pulp residues are the most significant by-products generated from Kinnow juice manufacturing process, which accounts for 55-60% of the original fruit weight (Singla, Singh, et al., 2021). This is the major concern associated with the disposal of Kinnow juice processing waste that led to various environmental hazards due to its unpleasant and unhygienic nature. Thus, sustainable approaches to utilize or convert this "waste" into value-added products should be necessary through circular engineering models

Effect of Cold- and Hot-Break Heat Treatments on the Physicochemical Characteristics of Currant Tomato (Solanum pimpinellifolium) Pulp and Paste

Currant tomato (Solanum pimpinellifolium), an underutilized wild species of modern tomato, was investigated to determine the physicochemical properties and understand the effect of cold- and hot-break heat treatments on physicochemical characteristics. Moreover, a new Arrhenius-type equation was used to model the temperature-dependent viscosity of currant tomato pulp and paste. The currant tomato&rsquo;s porosity, surface area, and lycopene content were 40.96 &plusmn; 0.84%, 663.86 &plusmn; 65.09 mm2, and 9.79 &plusmn; 1.88 mg/100 g, respectively. Cold- and hot-break heat treatments had a significant (p &lt; 0.05) effect on tomato pulp and paste color change (0.09 to 0.26; 0.19 to 1.96), viscosity (0.06 to 0.02 Pa.s; 0.85 to 0.37 Pa.s), and lycopene content (9.70 to 9.07 mg/100 g; 9.60 to 9.37 mg/100 g), respectively. An Arrhenius-type equation described the temperature-dependent viscosity of currant tomato pulp and paste with activation energy (Ea) ranging from 7.54 to 11.72 kJ/mol and 8.62 to 8.97 kJ/mol, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed a total of variance 99.93% in tomato pulp and paste as affected by the cold- and hot-break heat treatments. Overall, the findings may provide knowledge for design graders and process optimization to develop currant tomato-based products

Enzymatically hydrolysed asparagus ( Asparagus officinalis L.) hard‐stem exhibits the ability to inhibit angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE)

International audienceAsparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) hard-stem, woody bottom of the asparagus stalk, is a rich source of bioactive compounds and is discarded as an eco-friendly agricultural waste. Therefore, we intended to explore the antioxidant, amino acid composition, and antihypertensive potentials of enzymatically hydrolysed asparagus hard-stem. The treated samples exhibited higher total free amino acids (11437 mg 100 g −1), total phenolics (1749 mg 100 g −1), and ability to inhibit (78.38%) angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) compared to control (ACE inhibition of 46.88%). Hydrophobic amino acids (39%) and gallic acid (48%) were the highly eluted bioactive compounds. The ability to inhibit ACE had been positively correlated with hydrophobic amino acids (r = 0.959-0.987) and gallic acid (r = 0.966), indicating the role of amino acids and phenolics in controlling ACE reactions. Thus, asparagus hard-stem can be a potential source to develop natural health supplements for the management of hypertension and related health risks. Keywords angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), asparagus hard-stem, free amino acids, phenolic compounds, waste valorisation

Recent Advances on Nanoparticle Based Strategies for Improving Carotenoid Stability and Biological Activity

Carotenoids are natural pigments widely used in food industries due to their health-promoting properties. However, the presence of long-chain conjugated double bonds are responsible for chemical instability, poor water solubility, low bioavailability and high susceptibility to oxidation. The application of a nanoencapsulation technique has thus become a vital means to enhance stability of carotenoids under physiological conditions due to their small particle size, high aqueous solubility and improved bioavailability. This review intends to overview the advances in preparation, characterization, biocompatibility and application of nanocarotenoids reported in research/review papers published in peer-reviewed journals over the last five years. More specifically, nanocarotenoids were prepared from both carotenoid extracts and standards by employing various preparation techniques to yield different nanostructures including nanoemulsions, nanoliposomes, polymeric/biopolymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid nanoparticles, supercritical fluid-based nanoparticles and metal/metal oxide nanoparticles. Stability studies involved evaluation of physical stability and/or chemical stability under different storage conditions and heating temperatures for varied lengths of time, while the release behavior and bioaccessibility were determined by various in vitro digestion and absorption models as well as bioavailability through elucidating pharmacokinetics in an animal model. Moreover, application of nanocarotenoids for various biological applications including antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial, antiaging, cosmetics, diabetic wound healing and hepatic steatosis were summarized