STUDY OF IN VITRO GLUCOSE UPTAKE ACTIVITY OF ISOLATED COMPOUNDS FROM HYDRO ALCOHOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF CARDIOSPERMUM HALICACABUM LINN

Objective: Herbal medicines have long been used effectively in the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus. Cardiospermum halicacabum(C. halicacabum) has been used for several centuries for the treatment of various ailments. The present work was undertaken to study the effect of isolated bioactive compounds from leaf of C. halicacabum on glucose uptake in L-6 cell lines. Methods: The hydro alcoholic leaf extract of C. halicacabum was subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening and isolated eleven compounds were tested for cytotoxicity by MTT assay. Compound 1 and 8 were selected for further glucose uptake assay based on cytotoxicity concentration CTC50 value. Structure of compound 1 and 8 was identified by NMR technique. Results: Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and terpenoids. Compound 1 showed moderate cytotoxic activity to L6 cell line when compared to compound 8. Compounds 1 and 8 were identified as Kaempferol-3-o-α-l-rhamnoside and Apigenin-7-o-β-d-glucuronide. In in vitro glucose uptake assay Kaempferol-3-o-α-l-rhamnoside showed increase in glucose uptake by 11.38 ± 2.04% and Apigenin-7-o-β-d-glucuronide by 15.97 ± 2.16% over control. Conclusion: Kaempferol-3-o-α-l-rhamnoside and Apigenin-7-o-β-d-glucuronide isolated from C. halicacabum leaf extract enhance the glucose uptake significantly. They exhibit hypoglycemic activity and stimulate glucose uptake in L-6 skeletal muscle cells. This study can bring a promising role for this plant in the management of Diabetes mellitus

Micro Health Insurance Among Rural Women

The study determined the level of awareness and satisfaction with micro health insurance among rural women in the Puducherry Union territory. Using survey methods, primary data was acquired from insured members via a questionnaire. With the help of SPSS 20.0, a Chi-Square analysis was performed to determine the level of awareness and satisfaction, as well as demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. The findings imply that boosting knowledge is a key prerequisite for voluntary participation in MHI schemes, and that interactive, contextualised awareness tools might help people better understand insurance. The research indicates that the Puducherry Union Territory's microhealth insurance scheme can be an effective instrument for increasing health among rural women

A Survey of Hashing Techniques for High Performance Computing

Hashing is a well-known and widely used technique for providing O(1) access to large files on secondary storage and tables in memory. Hashing techniques were introduced in the early 60s. The term hash function historically is used to denote a function that compresses a string of arbitrary input to a string of fixed length. Hashing finds applications in other fields such as fuzzy matching, error checking, authentication, cryptography, and networking. Hashing techniques have found application to provide faster access in routing tables, with the increase in the size of the routing tables. More recently, hashing has found applications in transactional memory in hardware. Motivated by these newly emerged applications of hashing, in this paper we present a survey of hashing techniques starting from traditional hashing methods with greater emphasis on the recent developments. We provide a brief explanation on hardware hashing and a brief introduction to transactional memory

Comparative study of performance of parallel Alpha Beta Pruning for different architectures

Optimization of searching the best possible action depending on various states like state of environment, system goal etc. has been a major area of study in computer systems. In any search algorithm, searching best possible solution from the pool of every possibility known can lead to the construction of the whole state search space popularly called as minimax algorithm. This may lead to a impractical time complexities which may not be suitable for real time searching operations. One of the practical solution for the reduction in computational time is Alpha Beta pruning. Instead of searching for the whole state space, we prune the unnecessary branches, which helps reduce the time by significant amount. This paper focuses on the various possible implementations of the Alpha Beta pruning algorithms and gives an insight of what algorithm can be used for parallelism. Various studies have been conducted on how to make Alpha Beta pruning faster. Parallelizing Alpha Beta pruning for the GPUs specific architectures like mesh(CUDA) etc. or shared memory model(OpenMP) helps in the reduction of the computational time. This paper studies the comparison between sequential and different parallel forms of Alpha Beta pruning and their respective efficiency for the chess game as an application.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figures, Accepted in 2019 IEEE 9th International Advance Computing Conference(IEEE Xplore

Primary Education in India: A Case Study of Government- Run Primary Schools in Rudraram

In India, we have three different types of schools, namely schools that follow state syllabus, schools that follow central syllabus and schools that follow International curriculum.  Hence, at any class level, we end up with students who have different levels of academic knowledge.  Coming to the rural villages, students who come from economically backward classes are obliged to opt for Government run schools due to their financial constraints.  The Government run schools teach in vernacular medium.  The present paper deals with the limitations of Government run schools in terms of performance when compared to Central Board schools and International curriculum schools.   For the purpose of present case study, the Mandal Parishad Primary school and Zilla Parishad Primary school in Rudraram, Patancheru Mandal in Andhra Pradesh State are considered.  The students in Zilla and Mandal Parishad Primary schools are basically from a weak economic background.  Students of these schools are beleaguered with linguistic, social, and financial problems.  Teachers who teach in these Parishad Primary schools should keep these facts in mind while teaching the students.    These Parishad Primary schools need teachers who not only can teach the subject to the students but also who are aware of the problems that students face in their daily lives so that the teachers can motivate them to excel and exceed in academics.  The present study deals with various factors that influence the performance of students in Zilla and Mandal Parishad Primary schools.  The study is carried out with the aim to call attention to the issues that hinder the progress of students.  These concerns can be identified and addressed by proper channels so that the Parishad Primary School students can emerge as competent individuals on par with students from schools run by Central Government and private sector.  The paper expounds that the society also has a major role to play in the improvement of Zilla Parishad Primary schools.  Instead of depending upon the Government alone for financial aid, society should come forward to improve rural education as these students are a part of future India. Keywords: Zilla Parishad Primary school, Mandal Parishad Primary school, rural education and Primary school education

ANTI-CANCER EFFECT OF OCIMUM SANCTUM ETHANOLIC EXTRACT IN NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CARCINOMA CELL LINE

Objective: The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of alcoholic root extract of Ocimum sanctum, in human non-small cell lung carcinoma cell (NCI-H460).Methods: The effect of ethanolic extract of O. sanctum in NCI-H460 cell was investigated by the cell viability assay, generation of ROS in a cancer cell, apoptotic morphological changes and by mitochondrial membrane potential.Results: The cytotoxicity was observed by MMT assay. NCI-H460 cell was treated with various concentrations (10-150 µg/ml) of extract for 24 hr and 150 µg/ml showed a maximum decrease in cell viability. The extract (25-100µg/ml) showed significant increase ROS production in NCI-H460 cell. It greatly inhibits cell viability and colony forming capacity of NCI-H460 cell, possibly because of increased oxidative stress. An increased apoptotic cell in Ocimum sanctum further shows its anticancer nature. Loss of mitochondrial membrane potential is an early stage of apoptosis. Our results showed that extract treatment caused serve loss of in NCI-H460 cell.Conclusion: The present study suggests that O. sanctum extract act by increasing oxidative damage in NCI-H460 cells.Keywords: Ocimum sanctum, NCI-H460 lung carcinoma cells, MTT assay, Apoptosis, Oxidative damag

A Unique Test Bench for Various System-on-a-Chip

This paper discusses a standard flow on how an automated test bench environment which is randomized with constraints can verify a SOC efficiently for its functionality and coverage. Today, in the time of multimillion gate ASICs, reusable intellectual property (IP), and system-on-a-chip (SoC) designs, verification consumes about 70 % of the design effort. Automation means a machine completes a task autonomously, quicker and with predictable results. Automation requires standard processes with well-defined inputs and outputs. By using this efficient methodology it is possible to provide a general purpose automation solution for verification, given today’s technology. Tools automating various portions of the verification process are being introduced. Here, we have Communication based SOC The content of the paper discusses about the methodology used to verify such a SOC-based environment. Cadence Efficient Verification Methodology libraries are explored for the solution of this problem. We can take this as a state of art approach in verifying SOC environments. The goal of this paper is to emphasize the unique testbench for different SOC using Efficient Verification Constructs implemented in system verilog for SOC verification

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of White Ponni, a non-basmati variety of indica rice (Oryza sativa L.)

We report successful Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of a popular rice variety White Ponni, a non-basmati indica rice (Oryza sativa L.). Scutellumderived calluses of White Ponni were transformed with Agrobacterium strain LBA4404 (pSB1) harbouring the binary vector pMKU-RF2 with rice chi11 gene. Five independent transgenic White Ponni plants were generated from hygromycin-resistant calluses. Stable integration of the transgene was confirmed and copy numbers were determined by Southern analysis. Among the five plants, four possessed single-copy T-DNA integration events while one was found to have two integrated copies of T-DNA. Western analysis revealed a higher level of chitinase accumulation in all the five T0 plants. Progeny analysis of T0 plants confirmed the inheritance of the transgene to the next generation

DEVELOPMENT AND OPTIMIZATION OF ORODISPERSIBLE TABLETS OF CARVEDILOL BY COMBINATION OF SUPER-DISINTEGRANTS ADDITION AND SUBLIMATION TECHNIQUES

Objective: Objective of the present research work was to prepare orodispersible tablets of carvedilol (CDL) for dysphagic patients.Methods: Carvedilol, an anti-hypertensive drug, was chosen as a model drug in this study. Orodispersible tablets of carvedilol were prepared using different super-disintegrating agents such as crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium and sodium starch glycolate at different concentrations. The best formulation was selected based on disintegration and dissolution profile that was further taken for sublimation studies using camphor, menthol and thymol. Drug-excipients interaction studies were carried out by fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectrophotometer with pure drug sample and optimized formulation.Results: The orodispersible tablet formulation having 4% croscarmellose sodium disintegrated in 92 sec. Hence this formulation was considered best formulation and taken further for sublimation studies. A formulation containing 10% w/w of menthol showed disintegration time of 16 sec with more than 96.64% drug release within 15 min. Menthol leaves the porous structure as it sublimates from the tablet. This might have contributed to the decrease in disintegration time. Hence, this formulation was considered optimized.Conclusion: From this study, it can be concluded that orodispersible tablets of carvedilol may prove to be more efficacious in the treatment of hypertension particularly in dysphagic patients

Isolation, screening, and characterization of plant growth enhancing endophytic bacteria from halophytic Heliotropium curassavicum L. collected from salt stress areas of Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh

Farmers use excessive chemical fertilizers to boost crop productivity to meet growing agricultural demands. However, this practice is costly and environmentally hazardous. Sustainable increase in crop yield can be achieved through alternatives like microbial-based fertilizers. In the quest to identify plant growth-promoting endophytic bacteria, the present study was carried out and selected unexplored halophytic plant Heliotropium curassavicum L. Thirteen endophytic bacterial strains were isolated from both aerial and root portions of H.curassavicum. These isolates were tested for salt tolerance, enzyme production, and synthesis of growth-promoting secondary metabolites, like Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and phosphate solubilization . Most of the isolates belonged to the Bacillus family, exhibiting varying Gram staining and biochemical reactions. The majority are Gram-positive bacteria, non-motile, spore formers, and exist in two cells or chains. All isolates could tolerate up to 10% NaCl concentration and a temperature of 42°C. Based on phenotypic, bio-chemical characteristics, isolate HCR3 showed promising properties in synthesizing IAA and phosphate solubilization abilities. The isolate HCR3 grew well upto 10% NaCl concentration and also 42°C temperature. Based on molecular characterization by using 16S rRNA gene-based analysis HCR3 isolate was identified and belonged to the Genus Pseudomonas with the highest similarity index with Pseudomonas khazarica sp. HCR3 showed IAA production of 37µg ml-1, had a phosphate solubilization ability of 3.5 ppm, and recorded protease activity on gelatin medium. The findings highlight the potential of HCR3 and other strains from halophytic H. curassavicum L. to enhance plant growth through secondary bioactive metabolites, offering eco-friendly solutions for sustainable agriculture