Comparison and agreement between arterial versus venous blood gas analysis and pulse oxymetry in children with acute asthma

Background: Blood gas analysis is critical in managing children in intensive care unit primarily in respiratory disorders. This study aimed to ascertain agreement between the arterial and peripheral venous measurement of pH, pCO2, pO2 and bicarbonate levels along with SpO2 in acute asthma.Methods: Hospital based cross sectional analytical study was conducted at Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences in 50 children within the age group of 5-15 years who presented with symptoms suggestive of acute asthma with a modified PSI>6 after informed consent from parents and assent from child. SpO2 monitoring and ABG simultaneously with VBG were done immediately after admission. Statistical analysis was done to find out any correlation using Pearson correlation coefficient and Bland Altman plots were drawn to assess agreement.Results: 50 children in the age group 5 years to 15 years were included in the study. Arterial pH and venous pH were found to be correlated significantly, Pearson correlation coefficient r=0.438. There was a good correlation between the arterial and venous pCO2 with r= 0.610, bicarbonate values r=0.608. There was poor correlation between arterial PO2 and venous PO2 values (r=0.030). The bias plot for pH and pCO2 showed moderate agreement in with 95% limits of agreement being in acceptably narrow range. The mean bias in pH was 0.0242 (SD=0.04912, 95% limits of agreement = -0.0721 to 0.12045); bias in pCO2 was -4.04400 (SD=5.53616, 95% limits of agreement = -14.8949 to 6.8069), and in bicarbonate levels -0.0940 (SD=2.09, 95% limits of agreement = -4.1998 to 4.0119).Conclusions: Even though there was a good correlation and a moderate agreement between ABG and VBG parameters like pH, pCO2 and bicarbonate, VBG cannot be replaced for ABG in acute asthma. Pulse oximetry also has limitations in children with acute severe asthma as compared to ABG value.

Bull trawl operation banned along Karnataka coast to reduce indiscriminate exploitation of juvenile fishes

Mangalore Fisheries Harbour is one of the major marine fish landing centres of Karnataka, contributing more than 40 % of the total marine fish landed in the state. Bull trawling or pair trawling is done along the coastal districts of Karnataka with peak operations during the post-monsoon (September to November) period. The pair trawls target pelagic and semi-pelagic schooling fishes, like carangids, scombroids, clupeids, pomfrets, squids, etc. and the catch mainly consist of juveniles, including those of high value fishes

BDNF Induced Translation of Limk1 in Developing Neurons Regulates Dendrite Growth by Fine-Tuning Cofilin1 Activity

Dendritic growth and branching are highly regulated processes and are essential for establishing proper neuronal connectivity. There is a critical phase of early dendrite development when these are heavily regulated by external cues such as trophic factors. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a major trophic factor known to enhance dendrite growth in cortical neurons, but the molecular underpinnings of this response are not completely understood. We have identified that BDNF induced translational regulation is an important mechanism governing dendrite development in cultured rat cortical neurons. We show that BDNF treatment for 1 h in young neurons leads to translational up-regulation of an important actin regulatory protein LIM domain kinase 1 (Limk1), increasing its level locally in the dendrites. Limk1 is a member of serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) family kinases downstream of the Rho-GTPase pathway. BDNF induced increase in Limk1 levels leads to increased phosphorylation of its target protein cofilin1. We observed that these changes are maintained for long durations of up to 48 h and are mediating increase in number of primary dendrites and total dendrite length. Thus, we show that BDNF induced protein synthesis leads to fine-tuning of the actin cytoskeletal reassembly and thereby mediate dendrite development

Scale worm recorded from Lakshadweep

During an underwater survey in lagoon of Chetlat island Lakshdweep in 2015 a cryptic, commensalistic scale worm association on the sea cucumber Stichopus chloronotus was observed. This scale worm was identified as Gastrolepidia clavigera Schmarda, 1861 which come under polychaetes (Family:Polynoidae). These are known to inhabit the surface of holothurians in its anterior or posterior ends, and if disturbed crawl into the mouth or cloaca of the sea cucumber. The colour of the scale worm mimics the colour of the host which makes it difficult to be detected. Studies have found that this scale worm species feed on the tissue of the sea cucumber and are resistant to the toxin holothurin which is commonly released by sea cucumbers against predators

Plankton Productivity in Lagoons of Agatti and Bangaram Atolls of Lakshadweep Archipelago, India

Phytoplankters and zooplankters function as important links in the food chain and form the food of a large number of organisms in the aquatic ecosystem. As plankters play an important role in the health of an aquatic ecosystem, the study on these resources in the productive aquatic ecosystems of Lakshadweep is significant. Earlier studies carried out earlier from Agatti and Bangaram are by Pratap et al. (1977), Achuthankutty et al. (1989) and Casanova & Nair (1999). No recent reports are available on plankters from Agatti and Bangaram. Hence, an attempt is made to study the qualitative and quantitative abundance of phytoplankters and zooplankters in the selected lagoons of Lakshadweep

COMBINED STRAIN BASED SUGGESTION FOR ONLINE SOCIAL APPOINTMENT

We have developed many neural systems with loss of convenience functions to understand the enveloping emotions. We learn the decorations of emotions from tweets with good and bad feelings like a remotely supervised body, without manual annotations. In this document, we recommend that you learn the word encapsulation of the so-called emoticons in emotion analysis. The vertical strategy is to represent each word as a hot-key that has a length of vocabulary and only one dimension is 1, with all other words being. To be able to learn to effectively integrate emotions, we have developed many neural systems to capture text sense, as well as word contexts with dedicated loss functions. We collect emotion information at the wholesale level instantly from Twitter. This depends on the glory that the larger training data usually leads to more effective representation of the words. To ensure the superiority of extended words, we set the minimum for each category to combine high-quality rich products with extended words. We conduct an experimental evaluation of the effectiveness of the feeling of the loop using three tasks to analyze the feeling. Current foundation learning approaches are primarily based on distribution assumptions. However, it can be a tragedy to analyze feelings because they have polarity marks of opposite feeling

Hybrid membrane-cryogenic CO2 capture technologies: A mini-review

The use of membranes to capture CO2 is a proven carbon capture technique. Gas separation membranes enhance the mole fraction of CO2 in the feed gas. The membrane separation technique is low-cost because of its compact size, excellent energy efficiency, minimum environmental effect, simplicity of scale-up, fewer moving parts, moderate energy consumption, and ease of handling. Hybrid membrane cryogenic (HMC) and low-temperature membrane cryogenic (LTMC) are hybrid capture systems that combine the advantages of membrane and cryogenic techniques. In the HMC process, the flue gas is first pre-treated by the membrane process for CO2 enrichment and the cryogenic process to capture the CO2. In the LTMC process, low-temperature membrane units increase flue gas CO2 concentration to 50%–75%, and a cryogenic process liquefies the rich CO2 stream. Permeability and selectivity are the crucial parameters of the membrane which determine the CO2 purity and recovery of capture. Most polymeric membranes have a trade-off of CO2/N2 selectivity (αCO2/N2) and CO2 permeability (PCO2). The operating temperatures also impact membrane performance. An anti-trade-off effect was observed upon cooling down by increasing PCO2 and αCO2/N2. With increased PCO2 and αCO2/N2, sub-ambient temperature-based membrane cryogenic CO2 capture techniques will lower power consumption and energy cost for CO2 capture (CC). This review analyses the costs and energy requirements of various HMC and LTMC configurations for CO2 capture. The study also examines the features of the different membranes used and the effect of operating and membrane parameters on the process performance