28 research outputs found
Women’s responses to changes in U.S. preventive task force’s mammography screening guidelines: results of focus groups with ethnically diverse women
Background: The 2009 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) changed mammography guidelines to recommend routine biennial screening starting at age 50. This study describes women’s awareness of, attitudes toward, and intention to comply with these new guidelines. Methods: Women ages 40–50 years old were recruited from the Boston area to participate in focus groups (k = 8; n = 77). Groups were segmented by race/ethnicity (Caucasian = 39%; African American = 35%; Latina = 26%), audio-taped, and transcribed. Thematic content analysis was used. Results: Participants were largely unaware of the revised guidelines and suspicious that it was a cost-savings measure by insurers and/or providers. Most did not intend to comply with the change, viewing screening as obligatory. Few felt prepared to participate in shared decision-making or advocate for their preferences with respect to screening. Conclusions: Communication about the rationale for mammography guideline changes has left many women unconvinced about potential disadvantages or limitations of screening. Since further guideline changes are likely to occur with advances in technology and science, it is important to help women become informed consumers of health information and active participants in shared decision-making with providers. Additional research is needed to determine the impact of the USPSTF change on women’s screening behaviors and on breast cancer outcomes
ANALISIS REPRESENTASI TRADISI KEMATIAN PADA NOVEL PUYA KE PUYA KARYA FAISAL ODDANG
Death tradition is a ceremonial process that is done from generation to generation as the delivery of died people before actually going to another world (immortality).One of death traditions in Indonesia that is still done and well-known to foreign countries is Rambu Solo’ in Toraja. Rambu Solo’ is done as the process of perfecting died people. Death tradition is depicted in Puya Ke Puya novel by Faisal Oddang. Based on that thing, the problem formulation in this research, are (1) how is the representation of death ceremony stages in Puya Ke Puya novel by Faisal Oddang, (2) how are the meanings of death ceremony stages in Puya Ke Puya novel by Faisal Oddang.
The method used in this research is descriptive method of analysis using literary anthropology approach. The source of data in this study is Puya Ke Puya novel by Faisal Oddang by concerning data quotations, sentences, as well as units of stories in the novel. Data found in this researh is processed through several stages, such as (1) collecting data, (2) classifying data, (3) data assessment, (4) drawing conclusion.
The result of the analysis and discussion shows that in Puya Ke Puya novel by Faisal Oddang, it is found two processes of ceremonial stages and the meaning of process stages as representation of death tradition in Rambu Solo '. Death ceremony stages are (1) before death ceremony process and (2) during death ceremony process. Before the ceremony, there are several things that are need to be done and prepared by the family including holding big family meeting to determine when the Rambu Solo’ ceremony will be held, determining the level of death ceremony, preparing or buying buffaloes and pigs, preparing the necessary equipments. The next stage is the process of death ceremony. In this stage which includes Mappassulu ', Mangriu' Batu, Mapopengkaloa, Ma'pasonglo, Tau-tau, Lantang, Mappasilaga Tedong, Mantunu Tedong and ipalao. The meaning of Rambu Solo’ ceremony stage is a process of completion of died people so that they can get to puya. If it is not celebrated, thw aoul of died people will be stuck between heaven and earth in uncertain fate or become ghosts. It is also believed that it brings misfortune for families of died people. This is the belief of Toraja people
A MEASUREMENT OF SECONDARY COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND ANISOTROPIES FROM THE 2500 SQUARE-DEGREE SPT-SZ SURVEY
We present measurements of secondary cosmic microwave background (CMB)
anisotropies and cosmic infrared background (CIB) fluctuations using data from
the South Pole Telescope (SPT) covering the complete 2540 sq.deg. SPT-SZ survey
area. Data in the three SPT-SZ frequency bands centered at 95, 150, and 220
GHz, are used to produce six angular power spectra (three single-frequency
auto-spectra and three cross-spectra) covering the multipole range 2000 < ell <
11000 (angular scales 5' > \theta > 1'). These are the most precise
measurements of the angular power spectra at ell > 2500 at these frequencies.
The main contributors to the power spectra at these angular scales and
frequencies are the primary CMB, CIB, thermal and kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich
effects (tSZ and kSZ), and radio galaxies. We include a constraint on the tSZ
power from a measurement of the tSZ bispectrum from 800 sq.deg. of the SPT-SZ
survey. We measure the tSZ power at 143 GHz to be DtSZ = 4.08 +0.58 -0.67 \mu
K^2 and the kSZ power to be DkSZ = 2.9 +- 1.3 \mu K^2. The data prefer positive
kSZ power at 98.1% CL. We measure a correlation coefficient of \xi = 0.113
+0.057 -0.054 between sources of tSZ and CIB power, with \xi < 0 disfavored at
a confidence level of 99.0%. The constraint on kSZ power can be interpreted as
an upper limit on the duration of reionization. When the post-reionization
homogeneous kSZ signal is accounted for, we find an upper limit on the duration
\Delta z < 5.4 at 95% CL
A MEASUREMENT OF THE SECONDARY-CMB AND MILLIMETER-WAVE-FOREGROUND BISPECTRUM USING 800 deg(2) OF SOUTH POLE TELESCOPE DATA
We present a measurement of the angular bispectrum of the millimeter-wave sky
in observing bands centered at roughly 95, 150, and 220 GHz, on angular scales
of (multipole number ). At these frequencies and angular scales, the main
contributions to the bispectrum are expected to be the thermal
Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (tSZ) effect and emission from extragalactic sources,
predominantly dusty, star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) and active galactic nuclei.
We measure the bispectrum in 800 of three-band South Pole
Telescope data, and we use a multi-frequency fitting procedure to separate the
bispectrum of the tSZ effect from the extragalactic source contribution. We
simultaneously detect the bispectrum of the tSZ effect at 10, the
unclustered component of the extragalactic source bispectrum at 5 in
each frequency band, and the bispectrum due to the clustering of DSFGs---i.e.,
the clustered cosmic infrared background (CIB) bispectrum---at 5.
This is the first reported detection of the clustered CIB bispectrum. We use
the measured tSZ bispectrum amplitude, compared to model predictions, to
constrain the normalization of the matter power spectrum to be and to predict the amplitude of the tSZ power spectrum at . This prediction improves our ability to separate the thermal and
kinematic contributions to the total SZ power spectrum. The addition of
bispectrum data improves our constraint on the tSZ power spectrum amplitude by
a factor of two compared to power spectrum measurements alone and demonstrates
a preference for a nonzero kinematic SZ (kSZ) power spectrum, with a derived
constraint on the kSZ amplitude at of A_kSZ $ = 2.9 \pm 1.6 \
\mu^2 = 2.6 \pm 1.8 \ \mu^2$ if the default A_kSZ > 0 prior
is removed
Analysis of Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect mass-observable relations using South Pole Telescope observations of an X-ray selected sample of low-mass galaxy clusters and groups
(Abridged) We use 95, 150, and 220GHz observations from the SPT to examine
the SZE signatures of a sample of 46 X-ray selected groups and clusters drawn
from ~6 deg^2 of the XMM-BCS. These systems extend to redshift z=1.02, have
characteristic masses ~3x lower than clusters detected directly in the SPT data
and probe the SZE signal to the lowest X-ray luminosities (>10^42 erg s^-1)
yet.
We develop an analysis tool that combines the SZE information for the full
ensemble of X-ray-selected clusters. Using X-ray luminosity as a mass proxy, we
extract selection-bias corrected constraints on the SZE significance- and
Y_500-mass relations. The SZE significance- mass relation is in good agreement
with an extrapolation of the relation obtained from high mass clusters.
However, the fit to the Y_500-mass relation at low masses, while in good
agreement with the extrapolation from high mass SPT clusters, is in tension at
2.8 sigma with the constraints from the Planck sample. We examine the tension
with the Planck relation, discussing sample differences and biases that could
contribute.
We also present an analysis of the radio galaxy point source population in
this ensemble of X-ray selected systems. We find 18 of our systems have 843 MHz
SUMSS sources within 2 arcmin of the X-ray centre, and three of these are also
detected at significance >4 by SPT. Of these three, two are associated with the
group brightest cluster galaxies, and the third is likely an unassociated
quasar candidate. We examine the impact of these point sources on our SZE
scaling relation analyses and find no evidence of biases. We also examine the
impact of dusty galaxies using constraints from the 220 GHz data. The stacked
sample provides 2.8 significant evidence of dusty galaxy flux, which
would correspond to an average underestimate of the SPT Y_500 signal that is
(17+-9) per cent in this sample of low mass systems