I commerci internazionali marittimi di Fano nel Basso Medioevo

Analisi e studio delle relazioni economico- commerciali della citt\ue0 di Fano in epoca malatestiana sulla base della documentazione pubblica conservato presso la sezione archivio di Stato di Fan

Il prestito a Cambio Marittimo ad Ancona nel XV secolo

In Ancona, due to the presence of the Church and the political and economic supervision of Venice, few financial innovations in the martime trade arrived later than in the Tyrrhenian area and these innovations would have determined the modern era. This happened for an archaic insurance in Ancona called cambium maritimum loan. This tool was born due to the need to find a financial way to manage and deal with the risk that the maritime trade could implicate, dividing it between different economic factors. Ancona, Cambium Maritimum, Late Middle Age, Assurance, Merchant

La piazza commerciale fanese nel XV secolo fuori dalla corte: nuove conoscenze dall’Archivio Notarile di Fano

Studi e approfondimenti provenienti dalla documentazione notarile della città di Fano in epoca malatestiana in merito alle attività commerciali cittadini, i luoghi del commercio, gli operatori commerciali, gli snodi commerciali

The development of a new tool for the evaluation of handicap in elderly: the Geriatric Handicap Scale (GHS)

BACKGROUND: To date, the comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) does not include an evaluation tool for handicap. AIM: To develop a new instrument for assessing handicap in the elderly: the Geriatric Handicap Scale (GHS). METHODS: 656 community-dwelling elderly were enrolled in this study. We identified the thematic areas investigated by the CGA which showed a significant correlation with the handicap condition (handicap yes/not) to be included in our scale (Phase 1). Afterwards, we evaluated the possible correlations between: (1) the score obtained in each area of GHS and those obtained in CGA tests investigating similar dimensions, (2) GHS total score and the Multidimensional Prognostic Index (MPI) total score (Phase 2). RESULTS: In Phase 1, data analysis showed several significant correlations between the handicap condition and the scores obtained to the CGA tests exploring cognition, mood, functional impairment, comorbidity, social and environmental variables. Thus, we developed a tool considering five variables: (1) cognition and mood; (2) functional impairment; (3) hearing/visual impairment; (4) any additional comorbidity factors; (5) environmental/social risk factors. In Phase 2, data analysis showed significant correlations between the score obtained in each area of GHS and those obtained in the CGA tests investigating similar dimensions. A positive correlation between GHS total score and MPI total score (r = 68; p = 0.001) was also reported. Cut-off score for the GHS was established. Psychometric properties of GHS were also investigated and adequate estimates of internal reliability were demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS: Our tool could prove useful to correctly categorize the disadvantageous condition related to patient's disability

RBS-channeling determination of damage profiles in fully relaxed Si0.76Ge0.24 implanted with 2 MeV Si ions

The RBS-channeling technique has been used to measure damage concentration profiles in fully relaxed Si0.76Ge0.24 layers implanted with 2 MeV Si ions. The method of elaboration based on the two-beam model and linear calculation of dechanneling has been compared with the more exact trial-and-error determination of defect profiles through a Monte Carlo simulation of spectra, which describes the details of each ion path in the damaged crystal. The comparison shows that a correct description of the energy loss process of channeled He particles is very important to obtain reliable results, especially in the case of deep damage profiles. When an approximate description of this effect is introduced in the two-beam model, its results show a much better agreement with those of Monte Carlo elaboration. The large discrepancies observed at low damage concentration are related to the intrinsic approximations of the two-beam model: in this range accurate results can be obtained only by a detailed description of the ion paths in the damaged crystal

Does the Coexistence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Atrial Fibrillation Affect Nox2 Activity and Urinary Isoprostanes Excretion?

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and atrial fibrillation (AF) are characterized by increased oxidative stress, but the impact of the coexistence of COPD and AF on systemic oxidative stress is unclear. We performed a cross-sectional study including 157 outpatients to investigate the Nox2-related oxidative stress in patients with AF and COPD. COPD was defined by an FEV1/FVC <0.70. Oxidative stress was measured by sNox2-dp, a marker of Nox2 activation, and urinary isoprostanes. We divided patients into four groups: Group 0: hypertension (n = 49, controls); Group 1: COPD (n = 42); Group 2: AF (n = 33); and Group 3: COPD and AF (n = 33). Mean age was 68.3 ± 11.0 years, and 46.5% were women. Patients with COPD or AF showed increased levels of sNox2-dp as compared with group 0; sNox2-dp further increased in patients with COPD + AF. In these patients, sNox2-dp was higher than in those with COPD (p < 0.001) or AF (p = 0.003). At multivariable logistic regression analysis, chronic kidney disease, COPD, and AF were associated with sNox2-dp above median. Similar results were observed for urinary isoprostanes. We hypothesize that the coexistence of COPD in AF patients may be associated with an increased systemic oxidative stress by the upregulation of Nox2. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 31, 786-790