Pattern of distribution of reactive localised hyperplasia of the oral cavity in patients at a tertiary health institution in Nigeria

Background: Reactive localized hyperplastic lesions of the oral cavity (RHLs) are relatively common peripheral lesions which present as a range of clinically similar lesions at dental centers. Diagnosis can be challenging if dentists are unfamiliar with their clinicopathological across various populations.Objective: This study reviews the pattern of distribution of RHLs of the oral mucosa in a hospital- the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife.Materials and methods: We reviewed 10 years data from the archives of the Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria. Information on RHLs were extracted and recorded on standardized data forms and analyzed using STATA.Results: The most common lesions were pyogenic granuloma (43.7%) and focal fibrous hyperplasia (39.7%), respectively. RHLs were found to be more frequent in women (66.7%) than men (33.3%). The most common locations of involvement was the gingivae (84.6%), and lesions were more common in the 9–29 year age group and the mean age was 37.7 (±21.1) years. The relationship between age group and reactive lesions was however not statistically significant.Conclusion:  The major benefit of this study is an improved knowledge of the frequency and distribution of oral reactive le- sions in sub-Saharan Africa which may be highly beneficial when establishing a diagnosis and treatment plan in clinical practice.Keywords: Focal fibrous hyperplasia, oral mucosa, peripheral giant cell granuloma, peripheral ossifying fibroma, pyogenic gran- uloma, reactive hyperplasia

Pattern of distribution of reactive localised hyperplasia of the oral cavity in patients at a tertiary health institution in Nigeria

Background: Reactive localized hyperplastic lesions of the oral cavity (RHLs) are relatively common peripheral lesions which present as a range of clinically similar lesions at dental centers. Diagnosis can be challenging if dentists are unfamiliar with their clinicopathological across various populations. Objective: This study reviews the pattern of distribution of RHLs of the oral mucosa in a hospital- the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife. Materials and methods: We reviewed 10 years data from the archives of the Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria. Information on RHLs were extracted and recorded on standardized data forms and analyzed using STATA. Results: The most common lesions were pyogenic granuloma (43.7%) and focal fibrous hyperplasia (39.7%), respectively. RHLs were found to be more frequent in women (66.7%) than men (33.3%). The most common locations of involvement was the gingivae (84.6%), and lesions were more common in the 9\u201329 year age group and the mean age was 37.7 (\ub121.1) years. The relationship between age group and reactive lesions was however not statistically significant. Conclusion: The major benefit of this study is an improved knowledge of the frequency and distribution of oral reactive lesions in sub-Saharan Africa which may be highly beneficial when establishing a diagnosis and treatment plan in clinical practice. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v19i1.45 Cite as: Soyele OO, Ladeji AM, Adebiyi KE, Adesina OM, Aborisade AO, Olatunji AS, et al. Pattern of distribution of reactive localised hyperplasia of the oral cavity in patients at a tertiary health institution in Nigeria. Afri Health Sci. 2019;19(1). 1687-1694. https://dx.doi. org/10.4314/ ahs. v19i1.4

Omics-based molecular techniques in oral pathology centred cancer: Prospect and challenges in Africa

: The completion of the human genome project and the accomplished milestones in the human proteome project; as well as the progress made so far in computational bioinformatics and “big data” processing have contributed immensely to individualized/personalized medicine in the developed world.At the dawn of precision medicine, various omics-based therapies and bioengineering can now be applied accurately for the diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and risk stratifcation of cancer in a manner that was hitherto not thought possible. The widespread introduction of genomics and other omics-based approaches into the postgraduate training curriculum of diverse medical and dental specialties, including pathology has improved the profciency of practitioners in the use of novel molecular signatures in patient management. In addition, intricate details about disease disparity among diferent human populations are beginning to emerge. This would facilitate the use of tailor-made novel theranostic methods based on emerging molecular evidences

Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome: Clinical presentation and literature review

Background: Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) is a rare autosomal recessive genodermatosis characterized by a diffused palmoplantar hyperkeratosis and severe early-onset periodontitis. Although the exact pathogenesis of this syndrome is still unknown, however, it has been linked to mutations in the cathepsin C gene. Case report: This paper is a clinical presentation of a 12-year-old male with severe periodontitis and characteristic palmoplantar hyperkeratosis diagnosed as PLS. Conclusion: An early diagnosis of the syndrome can help preserve the teeth by the early institution of treatment, using a multidisciplinary approach. Thereby, sparing the patients increase the risk of social, psychological, and economical stigma. Owing to the vast degree of periodontal breakdown involved at such an early age. Incidentally, the dentist is might often be the first to encounter such patients

Pattern of histologically diagnosed orofacial tumor and disparity in number managed in a Nigerian University Teaching Hospital: A 5 years review

Background: Orofacial tumors are tumors that can affect any tissue in the oral and maxillofacial region. They constitute a major health problem in Africa because of late presentation. Aim: This was a retrospective study designed to determine the pattern of histologically diagnosed orofacial tumor and those actually managed. Materials and Methods: The department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology of a University Teaching Hospital in South West Nigeria. Histological diagnoses file and theater register booklet was retrieved from 2010 to 2014. Age, sex, diagnosis, and occupation of the patients were extracted. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 (SPSS 16 Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results were presented as descriptive frequencies (%). The value of P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Of the 188 data analyzed, 98 (52.1%) were females, whereas 90 (47.9%) were males with male: female ratio 1:1.08. Age groups 21–30 and 31–40 constitute the highest age group with tumor presentation (41 [21.8%]). Most of the patients were traders (62 [33%]). Plexiform ameloblastoma was the most common benign tumor (23 [12.2%]), whereas moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma was the most common malignant tumor (9 [4.8%]). Only 58 (30.9%) were treated while 91 (48.4%) were not treated and only 39 (20.7%) were referred. Conclusion: Ameloblastoma was the most common odontogenic tumor while moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma was the most common malignant lesion. Most of the diagnosed tumors were not treated and reason is due to low financial status of the patients. Negligence on the part of patient could also be a contributing factor

Management of 159 cases of acute cancrum oris: Our experience at the noma children hospital, Sokoto

Background: Cancrum oris (Noma) is a rapidly progressive gangrenous infection of the oral cavity and its surrounding structures, which typically results in destruction of both soft and hard tissues. It requires urgent intervention, especially while still in the acute phase. We present an overview of our experience in the management of acute cancrum oris at the Noma children hospital, which is a regional referral center for such cases in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of 159 patients managed for acute cancrum oris at the Noma children hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria. Early recognition of the disease, baseline investigations, identification of underlying disease/diseases, resuscitation of the patient, and institution of specific treatment were done. Results: The age range was 1–33 years with a mean (±standard deviation [SD]) of 3.5 (3.23) years. The male:female ratio was 1:1.2. Comorbidities were observed in 148 (93.1%) patients. The most commonly seen comorbidities observed were measles and protein–energy malnutrition, which were seen in 75 (47.2%) and 67 (42.1%) cases, respectively. The mean (±SD) hemoglobin of 8.59 (±2.9) g/dl and 11.38 (±1.5) g/dl were recorded on admission and at discharge, respectively. Leukocytosis of >12,000 cells/mm3 was observed in all patients. The electrolyte urea/creatine results were generally within normal range, while serum urea was raised in 52 (32.7%) patients. The duration of admission was for an average of 13 days. A mortality rate of 18.2% was observed. Conclusion: Acute cancrum oris requires urgent management. For successful management, patients should be evaluated for underlying diseases and systemic causes of immunosuppression