189 research outputs found
ΠΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ (fides) Π² Π°ΡΡ Π°ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π΅: ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ
The article is devoted to the specificity of the fides on the basis of the world view and law understanding in the archaic age.Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ fides ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ²ΠΎΠ·Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎ-ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΡΡ
Π°ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΡ
ΠΈ. ΠΠ΅Π»Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ° ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ, Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»
ΠΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is now considered as an effective tool for the treatment of various GI pathologies. Fecal preparations are delivered both through the lower GIT (enema, colonoscopy) and upper (endoscopy, capsules). A common disadvantage of instrumental methods of administration is their high invasiveness associated with the risk of intestinal perforation and the use of anesthesia. Oral capsules are minimally invasive, comfortable and more aesthetic, so this method of drug delivery is gaining popularity. The main issue with the use of frozen feces (including the lyophilisate used in capsules) is its efficiency compared to the original material. During lyophilization, cells are exposed to stress factors such as low temperatures, water crystallization, osmotic stress, changes in pH, and dehydration. To reduce the likelihood of cell damage during lyophilization, protective media (lyo-protectants) are used. In this work sucrose, gelatin, and their combinations have been used as lyoprotectors. To estimate the number of microorganisms, a bacteriological study was carried out. The number of Bifidobacteria, Lactobacilli, and the total number of E.coli and Enterobacteriaceae was estimated. It was found that the lyophilized stool sample containing 10% sucrose as a protective medium had the highest number of viable cells. Also, the physical properties of the lyophilisate (its flowability) are convenient for preparing capsulated form. The molar ratios of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the original fecal samples and lyophilisates were studied by gas chromatography. The molar ratios of major SCFAs (acetate, propionate and butyrate) were identical in the samples studied. The composition of the protective medium in which the lyophilized biomaterial corresponds to the original feces in terms of the number of "live" microorganisms has been proposed. According to its physical characteristics lyophilisate is convenient for capsules preparation.Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡΡ (Π’Π€Π) ΠΏΡΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΠΠ’ Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΠΠ’ (ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ), ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΈΠ΅ (ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΡΠ»Ρ). ΠΠ±ΡΠΈΠΌ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π°Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΡΠ»Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ, ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΡΠΎΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ± Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°Π»Π° (Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠ°, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΡΠ»Π°Ρ
), Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ. Π ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ³Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ, ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ, ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ², Π΄Π΅Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ (Π»ΠΈΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ). Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π»ΠΈΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠΎΠ·Ρ, ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Escherichia, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° Enterobacterales Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°Π»Π°, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ 10 % ΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠΎΠ·Ρ, Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ, ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠ° (Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ) ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΡΠ». ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠΠ Π² ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΊΠ°Π»Π° ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠ°Ρ
. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΆΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΆΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ (ΠΠΠ) Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΈ Π±ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ Π² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Ρ
. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Ρ Β«ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΡΡ
Β» ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ². ΠΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΡΠ»
ΠΠΏΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ "Π₯ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ"
At the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia testing of students of all courses of a bachelor degree and magistracy is widely applied. Authors use tests for current, total and state certifications of graduates in chemistry.Π Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΡΡΠΆΠ±Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π°ΠΊΠ°Π»Π°Π²ΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ (ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ), ΠΈΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π²ΡΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² (Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ ΠΏΠΎ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΈ)
Flute mode instability of rotating plasma
The influence of rotation on flute instability is studied in the frame of one-fluid magnetohydrodynamics. We consider the simplest model of gravitating cylindrical plasma in the straight nonuniform magnetic field to simulate plasma behavior in mirrors. Using linear stability analysis, we derive dispersion equation and integral expression for the increment of instability. In virtue of this expression, it is shown that rotation itself appears to be destabilizing factor due to centrifugal effect; we prove the corresponding theorem in general. Eigenmode structure and the dependence of the threshold on the frequency of rotation are calculated for linear radial profile of the angular velocity.Π ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΡ Π² ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΡ Π² Π·Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π»ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
. Π‘ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΎΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ³ΡΠ±ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ; Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°. ΠΠ»Ρ Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΡΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ³Π° Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ.Π ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΡΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠΉΠΊΡΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠΈΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½Π΄ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π³ΡΠ°Π²ΡΡΡΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎΠΌΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡΠ½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΈ Π² Π΄Π·Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
. ΠΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡ Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΉΠ½Π΅ ΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΠ½Π½Ρ ΠΉ ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΈΡΠ°Π· Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Π·Π°Π²Π΄ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ Ρ ΡΡΠ³ΡΠ±ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π±ΡΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ; Π² Π·Π°Π³Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π²ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π΄ΠΊΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΄Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°. ΠΠ»Ρ Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ»Ρ ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ Π²Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ° Π·Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ³Π° Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΄ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ
[Cystic formations of ovaries in women: clinical and morphological features]
Background. Cystic formations of ovaries are an urgent problem of medicine due to the high incidence of these diseases in women, the difficulties of differential diagnosis and a high percentage of diagnostic and tactical mistakes leading to disruption of reproductive function. Objective: to identify the clinical and morphological features of cystic formations of ovaries in women of Kharkiv region on the basis of the analysis of archival material. Methods. The material of this study was archival materials of pathological anatomy department of The Municipal Health Care Institution Β«Regional Clinical Hospital β The Center of Emergency Medicine and Disaster MedicineΒ» during 2013 y. 354 cases of histological examination of surgical material β deleted fragments of ovaries due to cystic formations or ovaries in complex with uterus and fallopian tubes due to leiomyoma of uterus β were analyzed. The slides, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, were studied on the microscope Β«Olympus BX-41Β». Digital data were processed using statistical methods of investigation. Results. 1. It was established that in women of Kharkiv region among all cystic formations of ovaries tumor-like processes (in order of frequency of occurrence β yellow bodies cysts, follicular cysts, simple cysts, endometrial cysts) occur 5.5 times more frequently in comparison with tumor processes (in order of frequency of occurrence β dermoid cysts, cystadenomas, cystadenocarcinoma). 2. Tumor and tumor-like cystic formations of ovaries occur 4.6 times more frequently in right ovary in comparison with the left. 3. Tumor and tumor-like cystic formations of ovaries were characterized by a certain age. Tumor-like cystic formations of ovaries were typical for younger women (average age of women β 31.03Β±0.49 year) and tumor cystic formations β for older women (average age of women β 37.70Β±1.53 years). Among all tumor-like cystic formations of ovaries yellow bodies cysts were typical for younger women, simple cysts β for older women. Among all tumor cystic formations of ovaries benign tumors (dermoid cyst, different variants of cystadenoma) were characteristic for younger women, malignant tumors of ovaries (cystadenocarcinoma) β for older women. Conclusion. These results confirm the relevance of the study: frequent occurrence of studied pathological processes, the young age of women with studied pathology, an opportunity to identify the pathological process at a younger age at the stage of benign growth and thus may prevent its transformation into a malignant tumor.
Citation:
Sorokina IV, Markovsky VD, Borzenkova IV, Kulakova EA, Myroshnychenko MS, Pliten ON, Myroshnychenko SA. [Cystic formations of ovaries in women: clinical and morphological features]. Morphologia. 2015;9(2):78-84. Russian
Influence of the safety factor inhomogeneity on collisionless current generation in tokamaks
An improved scaling for the current density generated due to collisionless motion of Ξ±-particles in a tokamak is proposed. The dependence of the current density on the radial profile of the safety factor q is investigated. Monotonically increasing q profiles are considered, as well as q profiles with a minimum in the axial region of the plasma column. It is shown that the current density depends on the variation in q along the charged particle trajectories, rather than on the q value at the starting magnetic surface. The dependence of the current density on the gradient of q is strongest in the plasma core because of the large deviation of the drift surfaces from the magnetic ones in this region. At the plasma edge, the larger the second derivative of the plasma density, the greater the contribution of the gradient of q. For conventional plasma density profiles, the poloidal-angle-averaged current density calculated for a varying safety factor q is always lower than that calculated for a constant q. The effect of the nonuniformity of the safety factor on the current generation at the magnetic axis of a tokamak is investigated. Β© 2011 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd
Influence of the safety factor inhomogeneity on collisionless current generation in tokamaks
An improved scaling for the current density generated due to collisionless motion of Ξ±-particles in a tokamak is proposed. The dependence of the current density on the radial profile of the safety factor q is investigated. Monotonically increasing q profiles are considered, as well as q profiles with a minimum in the axial region of the plasma column. It is shown that the current density depends on the variation in q along the charged particle trajectories, rather than on the q value at the starting magnetic surface. The dependence of the current density on the gradient of q is strongest in the plasma core because of the large deviation of the drift surfaces from the magnetic ones in this region. At the plasma edge, the larger the second derivative of the plasma density, the greater the contribution of the gradient of q. For conventional plasma density profiles, the poloidal-angle-averaged current density calculated for a varying safety factor q is always lower than that calculated for a constant q. The effect of the nonuniformity of the safety factor on the current generation at the magnetic axis of a tokamak is investigated. Β© 2011 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd
Radial electric field and rotation of the ensemble of plasma particles in tokamak
The velocity of macroscopic rotation of an ensemble of charged particles in a tokamak in the presence of an electric field has been calculated in a collisionless approximation. It is shown that the velocity of toroidal rotation does not reduce to a local velocity of electric drift and has opposite directions on the inner and outer sides of the torus. This result is supplemented by an analysis of the trajectories of motion of individual particles in the ensemble, which shows that the passing and trapped particles of the ensemble acquire in the electric field, on the average, different toroidal velocities. For the trapped particles, this velocity is equal to that of electric drift in the poloidal magnetic field, while the velocity of passing particles is significantly different. It is shown that, although the electric-field-induced shift of the boundaries between trapped and passing particles in the phase space depends on the particle mass and charge and is, in the general case, asymmetric, this does not lead to current generation. Β© 2012 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd
Geodesic acoustic eigenmode for tokamak equilibrium with maximum of local GAM frequency
The geodesic acoustic eigenmode for tokamak equilibrium with the maximum of local GAM frequency is found analytically in the frame of MHD model. The analysis is based on the asymptotic matching technique. Β© 2013 Elsevier B.V
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