Аэрокосмический мониторинг в решении задач современного точного земледелия

The article is devoted to the problems of modern agricultural management development. The authors pay special attention to the use of aerospace monitoring systems in solving the problems of precision agriculture.A logistic analysis was carried out to identify the most effective means of aerospace monitoring for the precision agriculture development.The innovative trends in the development of the Earth’s modern space sensing are investigated, and recommendations on the use of mini-, micro - and nanosatellites in modern agricultural management are formulated.El presente artículo está dedicado a los problemas del desarrollo de la gestión agrícola moderna. Los autores han prestado especial atención a la utilización de sistemas de vigilancia aeroespacial para resolver diversos problemas de la agricultura de precisión.Con dicho fin se llevó a cabo un análisis logístico para identificar los medios más eficaces de vigilancia aeroespacial para el desarrollo de la agricultura de precisión. Asimismo, se han investigado las tendencias innovadoras en el desarrollo de la teleobservación espacial de la Tierra y se han formulado recomendaciones sobre la utilización de mini, micro y nanosatélites en la gestión agrícola moderna.Este artigo é dedicado aos problemas do desenvolvimento da gestão agrícola moderna. Os autores prestaram especial atenção ao uso de sistemas de vigilância aeroespacial para resolver vários problemas de agricultura de precisão. Para este propósito, uma análise logística foi realizada para identificar os meios mais eficazes de vigilância aeroespacial para o desenvolvimento da agricultura de precisão. Além disso, tendências inovadoras no desenvolvimento do sensoriamento remoto da Terra foram investigadas e recomendações foram feitas sobreo uso de mini, micro e nanossatélites no gerenciamento agrícola moderno.Статья посвящена проблемам развития современного агроменеджмента. Основное внимание авторы уделяют применению систем аэрокосмического мониторинга в решении задач точного земледелия.Проведен логистический анализ по выявлению наиболее эффективных средств аэрокосмического мониторинга для целей развития точного земледелия.Исследованы инновационные тенденции развития современного космического зондирования Земли и сформулированы рекомендации по применению мини -, микро - и наноспутников в современном агроменеджменте

Free and forced wave motion in a two-dimensional plate with radial periodicity

In many practical engineering situations, a source of vibrations may excite a large and flexible structure such as a ship’s deck, an aeroplane fuselage, a satellite antenna, a wall panel. To avoid transmission of the vibration and structure-borne sound, radial or polar periodicity may be used. In these cases, numerical approaches to study free and forced wave propagation close to the excitation source in polar coordinates are desirable. This is the paper’s aim, where a numerical method based on Floquet-theory and the FE discretision of a finite slice of the radial periodic structure is presented and verified. Only a small slice of the structure is analysed, which is approximated using piecewise Cartesian segments. Wave characteristics in each segment are obtained by the theory of wave propagation in periodic Cartesian structures and Finite Element analysis, while wave amplitude change due to the changes in the geometry of the slice is accommodated in the model assuming that the energy flow through the segments is the same. Forced response of the structure is then evaluated in the wave domain. Results are verified for an infinite isotropic thin plate excited by a point harmonic force. A plate with a periodic radial change of thickness is then studied. Free waves propagation are shown, and the forced response in the nearfield is evaluated, showing the validity of the method and the computational advantage compared to FE harmonic analysis for infinite structures

The “third mission” in the Arctic universities’ development strategies

Currently, applying the “third mission” at universities is of relevance, since it also forms the basis of universities' activities along with education and science. Scientific understanding of this issue had been carried out by Russian and foreign scientists. The main components of the “third mission” are the commercialization of intellectual property, technology transfer, and innovation, the development of a university as an entrepreneurial structure, continuous education, social involvement, support for the development of regions, participation in the life of the local community, etc. The article analyzes the experience of applying the “third mission” on the example of universities located in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and some foreign Arctic universities. For this purpose, the documents defining the strategic development of two Russian (Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov and Murmansk Arctic State University) and five foreign Arctic universities (University of Copenhagen (Denmark), University of Oulu (Finland), the University of Iceland (Iceland), the University of Umeå (Sweden), and the Luleå University of Technology (Sweden). Specific forms and mechanisms used by universities are also analyzed. They contribute to the assessment of nature, characteristics, the degree of the “third mission” application carried out by universities

Система экологического менеджмента как средство снижения вероятности техногенных аварий и загрязнения окружающей природной среды на предприятиях авиакосмического комплекса

Due to the costs caused by environmental pollution, Russia loses about 10% of the gross domestic product (GDP) annually. The negative impact on the environment is exacerbated by industrial accidents. Enterprises from the category of hazardous industrial facilities must carry out preparations for emergency situations and industrial accidents. Accidents occurring at machine-building enterprises can also cause significant damage to the environment. Creation of environmental management systems at the enterprises will allow providing effective response to accidents at all types of enterprises, because one of the stages of the system implementation is preparation for emergency situations. At this stage, we consider the features of production and technological processes, the properties of hazardous substances used in production, we carry out the identification of possible emergency situations and environmental pollution arising from this, we select the most probable and large-scale emergency situations, and we develop a system of measures that impede their occurrence and contribute to reducing their negative consequences.Los costos causados por la contaminación ambiental generan a Rusia unas pérdidas anuales de alrededor del 10% de su producto interno bruto. El impacto negativo sobre el medio ambiente se ve agravado por los accidentes industriales. Las empresas que pertenecen a la categoría de instalaciones industriales peligrosas deben estar debidamente preparadas para situaciones de emergencia y accidentes industriales. Aquellos accidentes que ocurren en empresas de construcción de maquinaria también pueden causar daños significativos al medio ambiente. La creación de sistemas de gestión ambiental permite proporcionar una respuesta efectiva a las emergencias en todo tipo de empresas, ya que una de las etapas de la implementación del sistema es la preparación para situaciones de accidente. En esta etapa, se toman en consideración las características de los procesos tecnológicos y de producción, las propiedades de las sustancias peligrosas utilizadas, la identificación de posibles situaciones de emergencia y la contaminación ambiental derivada de la actividad industrial. Tras ello, se desarrolla un sistema de medidas que reducen significativamente tanto el riesgo de que dichos accidentes se produzcan como las consecuencias negativas de los mismos en caso de que sucedan.Из-за расходов, вызванных загрязнением окружающей среды, Россия ежегодно теряет около 10% валового внутреннего продукта. Негативное воздействие на окружающую среду усугубляется при возникновении промышленных аварий. Предприятия, относящиеся к категории опасных промышленных объектов, должны в обязательном порядке проводить работы по подготовке к чрезвычайным ситуациям и авариям на производстве. Аварии, возникающие на машиностроительных предприятиях, также могут наносить значительный ущерб окружающей природной среде. Создание на предприятиях систем экологического менеджмента позволит обеспечить эффективное противодействие авариям на всех типах предприятий, так как одним из этапов внедрения системы является подготовка к чрезвычайным ситуациям. На этом этапе рассматриваются особенности производства и технологических процессов, свойства используемых в производстве и производимых опасных веществ, проводится идентификация возможных аварийных ситуаций и возникающих при этом загрязнений окружающей среды, выбираются наиболее вероятные и масштабные аварийные ситуации, разрабатывается система мероприятий, препятствующих их возникновению и способствующих уменьшению их негативных последствий

Piezoelectric-Layered Structures Based on Synthetic Diamond

Results of theoretical, modeling, and experimental investigation of microwave acoustic properties of piezoelectric layered structure “Me1/AlN/Me2/(100) diamond” have been presented within a wide frequency band 0.5–10 GHz. The highest among known material quality parameter Q × f ~ 1014 Hz for the IIa type synthetic diamond at operational frequency ~10 GHz has been found. Conditions of UHF excitation and propagation of the bulk, surface, and Lamb plate acoustic waves have been established and studied experimentally. Frequency dependencies of the impedance and quality factor have been studied to obtain a number of piezoelectric layered structure parameters as electromechanical coupling coefficient, equivalent circuit parameters, etc. Results of 2D finite element modeling of a given piezoelectric layered structure have been compared with the experimental ones obtained for the real high-overtone bulk acoustic resonator. An origin of high-overtone bulk acoustic resonator’s spurious resonant peaks has been studied. Results on UHF acoustic attenuation of IIa-type synthetic single crystalline diamond have been presented and discussed in terms of Akhiezer and Landau–Rumer mechanisms of phonon–phonon interaction. Identification and classification of Lamb waves belonging to several branches as well as dispersive curves of phase velocities have been executed. Necessity of introducing a more correct Lamb-mode classification has been recognized

Application of Thin Piezoelectric Films in Diamond-Based Acoustoelectronic Devices

The theory of external loading influence on acoustic parameters of piezoelectric five-layered structure as “Al/(001) AlN/Mo/(001) diamond/Me” has been developed. Oscillations in diamond-based high-overtone bulk acoustic resonators (HBARs) have been investigated in terms of 3D FEM simulation. Peculiarities of technology of aluminum-scandium nitride (ASN) films have been discussed. Composition Al0.8Sc0.2N was obtained to create the diamond-based HBAR and SAW resonator. Application of ASN films has resulted in a drastic increasing an electromechanical coupling up to 2.5 times in comparison with aluminum nitride. Development of ASN technology in a way of producing a number of compositions with the better piezoelectric properties has a clear prospective. SAW resonator based on “Al IDT/(001) AlN/(001) diamond” structure has been investigated in the band 400–1500 MHz. The highest-quality factor Q ≈ 1050 was observed for the Sezawa mode at 1412 MHz. Method of measuring HBAR’s parameters within 4–400 K at 0.5–5 GHz has been developed. Results on temperature dependence of diamond’s Q-factor at relatively low frequencies were quite different in comparison with the ones at the frequencies up to 5 GHz. Difference could be explained in terms of changing mechanism of acoustic attenuation from Akhiezer’s type to the Landau-Rumer’s one at higher frequencies in diamond

Quantum transport of the 2D surface state in a nonsymmorphic semimetal

In a topological semimetal with Dirac or Weyl points, the bulk-boundary correspondence principle predicts a gapless edge mode if the essential symmetry is still preserved at the surface. The detection of such topological surface state has been considered as the fingerprint prove for crystals with nontrivial topological bulk band. On the contrary, it has been proposed that even with symmetry broken at the surface, a new surface band can emerge in nonsymmorphic topological semimetals. The symmetry reduction at the surface lifts the bulk band degeneracies and produces an unusual “floating” surface band with trivial topology. Here, we first report quantum transport probing to ZrSiSe thin flakes and directly reveal transport signatures of this new surface state. Remarkably, though topologically trivial, such a surface band exhibits substantial two-dimensional Shubnikov–de Haas quantum oscillations with high mobility, which signifies a new protection mechanism and may open applications for quantum computing and spintronic devices