COMBINE: a coalesced mammal database of intrinsic and extrinsic traits

The use of species’ traits in macroecological analyses has gained popularity in the last decade, becoming an important tool to understand global biodiversity patterns. Currently, trait data can be found across a wide variety of data sets included in websites, articles, and books, each one with its own taxonomic classification, set of traits and data management methodology. Mammals, in particular, are among the most studied taxa, with large sources of trait information readily available. To facilitate the use of these data, we did an extensive review of published mammal trait data sources between 1999 and May 2020 and produced COMBINE: a COalesced Mammal dataBase of INtrinsic and Extrinsic traits. Our aim was to create a taxonomically integrated database of mammal traits that maximized trait number and coverage without compromising data quality. COMBINE contains information on 54 traits for 6,234 extant and recently extinct mammal species, including information on morphology, reproduction, diet, biogeography, life‐habit, phenology, behavior, home range and density. Additionally, we calculated other relevant traits such as habitat and altitudinal breadths for all species and dispersal for terrestrial non‐volant species. All data are compatible with the taxonomies of the IUCN Red List v. 2020‐2 and PHYLACINE v. 1.2. Missing data were adequately flagged and imputed for non‐biogeographical traits with 20% or more data available. We obtained full data sets for 21 traits such as female maturity, litter size, maximum longevity, trophic level, and dispersal, providing imputation performance statistics for all. This data set will be especially useful for those interested in including species’ traits in large‐scale ecological and conservation analyses. There are no copyright or proprietary restrictions; we request citation of this publication and all relevant underlying data sources (found in Data S1: trait_data_sources.csv), upon using these data

Random Electromagnetic Interferometry Method Applied to Aluminosilicates Analysis

The minerals based on aluminosilicates such as clays (kaolinite, montmorillonite) and zeolites (clinoptilolite) are abundant and inexpensive. These are used as adsorbents for the removal of bacteria and pollutants. It has been proven that the presence of hydrogen bonding interactions, and electrostatic forces of attraction on the surface of zeolites modified with anionic and/or cationic species have a significant effect on the process of microorganisms elimination. The treatment of the zeolite surface with concentrated acids or bases also modifies their hygroscopic properties. This paper presents advances in the Dynamic Speckle Laser hydroadsorption analysis of materials based on a rich mineral “clinoptilolite” and their acidic and basic forms, which served as support for the incorporation of a binary complex sulfadiazine cobalt, promising in antibacterial drug design, fungicides, anti-inflammatory, etc.. To determine the water adsorption capacity of these materials as a function of time, the traditional method consists of introducing a sample in water and plotting the time dependent weight change in order to determine the amount of water adsorbed. In this work we use a technologically advanced and methodologically more accurate method for determining the speed of hydroadsorption of a zeolite (clinoptilolite) based on the optical random interferometric phenomenon named “speckle”, produced when a laser light illuminates a rough surface of zeolite. The data derived from the latter methodology is fitted using a numerical model that yields a better fitting as compared with several physicochemical (or physical) methods well established in the literature

Preparación y caracterización fisicoquímica de compost para fertilización de <i>Rubus glaucus</i> (Mora de Castilla)

Se presentan resultados de la elaboración y caracterización de diferentes compost para fertilización utilizando: Eisenia foetida (lombriz californiana) y compostaje aerotérmico. Durante la preparación se monitorearon características de pH, temperatura, humedad, nutrientes y poblaciones microbianas del suelo. Los sistemas se caracterizaron por diferentes métodos fisicoquímicos: DRX; Microscopía Electrónica SEM-EDS; espectroscopia FT-IR y análisis higroscópico por láser Speckle dinámico. Se intentó correlacionar los cambios fisicoquímicos del suelo con los compostajes. También se estimó la capacidad hidroadsorbente de compost, a partir de la actividad de Speckle dinámico.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Preparación y caracterización fisicoquímica de compost para fertilización de <i>Rubus glaucus</i> (Mora de Castilla)

Se presentan resultados de la elaboración y caracterización de diferentes compost para fertilización utilizando: Eisenia foetida (lombriz californiana) y compostaje aerotérmico. Durante la preparación se monitorearon características de pH, temperatura, humedad, nutrientes y poblaciones microbianas del suelo. Los sistemas se caracterizaron por diferentes métodos fisicoquímicos: DRX; Microscopía Electrónica SEM-EDS; espectroscopia FT-IR y análisis higroscópico por láser Speckle dinámico. Se intentó correlacionar los cambios fisicoquímicos del suelo con los compostajes. También se estimó la capacidad hidroadsorbente de compost, a partir de la actividad de Speckle dinámico.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Preparación y caracterización fisicoquímica de compost para fertilización de <i>Rubus glaucus</i> (Mora de Castilla)

Se presentan resultados de la elaboración y caracterización de diferentes compost para fertilización utilizando: Eisenia foetida (lombriz californiana) y compostaje aerotérmico. Durante la preparación se monitorearon características de pH, temperatura, humedad, nutrientes y poblaciones microbianas del suelo. Los sistemas se caracterizaron por diferentes métodos fisicoquímicos: DRX; Microscopía Electrónica SEM-EDS; espectroscopia FT-IR y análisis higroscópico por láser Speckle dinámico. Se intentó correlacionar los cambios fisicoquímicos del suelo con los compostajes. También se estimó la capacidad hidroadsorbente de compost, a partir de la actividad de Speckle dinámico.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Preparación y caracterización fisicoquímica de compost para fertilización de Rubus glaucus (Mora de Castilla)

Se presentan resultados de la elaboración y caracterización de diferentes compost para fertilización utilizando: Eisenia foetida (lombriz californiana) y compostaje aerotérmico. Durante la preparación se monitorearon características de pH, temperatura, humedad, nutrientes y poblaciones microbianas del suelo. Los sistemas se caracterizaron por diferentes métodos fisicoquímicos: DRX; Microscopía Electrónica SEM-EDS; espectroscopia FT-IR y análisis higroscópico por láser Speckle dinámico. Se intentó correlacionar los cambios fisicoquímicos del suelo con los compostajes. También se estimó la capacidad hidroadsorbente de compost, a partir de la actividad de Speckle dinámico

Aridity could have driven the local extinction of a common and multivoltine butterfly

1.Identifying which species are being negatively impacted by climate change and the mechanisms driving their decline is essential to effectively protect biodiversity. 2.Coenonympha pamphilus is a common and generalist butterfly, widely distributed throughout the Western Palearctic, being multivoltine in southern Europe. Previous studies indicate that it will not be substantially affected by climate change; however, it has seemingly disappeared from the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula in the last decades. 3. Here, we aim to determine if it has effectively disappeared from this area, as well as identify the environmental conditions limiting its distribution and the potential causes behind this a priori local extinction. 4.We downloaded all the occurrence records of C. pamphilus and analysed their spatial and temporal trends. To identify the climatic variables driving the distribution of this butterfly in the Iberian Peninsula, we performed an ensemble species distribution model (SDM), combining 600 individual models produced with 6 algorithms. 5.We confirmed that C. pamphilus has not been observed in the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula since 2008. Aridity was the main factor limiting the distribution of C. pamphilus in our ensemble SDM, with areas with high aridity being unsuitable for this species. 6. We hypothesise that multivoltinism is the mechanism driving this local extirpation, as high aridity is causing host plants (Poaceae) to wither prematurely, precluding the development of the second and/or third generations of the butterfly. Even though generalist species are theoretically more resilient to climate change, other traits such as multivoltinism may increase their vulnerability and need to be further investigated

Caracterización de hidroadsorción de aluminosilicatos por la técnica de speckle

Las propiedades higroscópicas de aluminosilicatos son de importancia en aplicaciones como adsorbentes y en procesos catalíticos. Con el fin de estimar su potencialidad tecnológica, en general estos materiales se caracterizan mediante técnicas fisicoquímicas tales como adsorción de Nitrógeno, (BET), DRX, FTIR, SEM-EDS etc. En este trabajo se emplea una técnica óptica denominada speckle para el estudio de la hidroadsorción de materiales porosos a base de clinoptilolita, una zeolita natural. El método presenta algunas ventajas en comparación con las técnicas convencionales mencionadas. Se muestran resultados experimentales preliminares y se comentan algunas de las posibilidades futuras de aplicación

Measurement of Acid Volatile Sulphide and Simultaneously Extracted Metals in Sediment from Lake Albufera (Valencia, Spain)

Lake Albufera (Valencia, Spain) is part of a legally protected wetland of international importance. However, it has deteriorated as a result of urban, industrial, and farming pollution. It is highly eutrophic, and its sediment contains persistent pollutants, such as heavy metals. In anoxic sediments, sulphides represent an important binding phase for heavy metals. In this study, acid volatile sulphide (AVS) and simultaneously extracted metals (SEM) were analyzed in surface sediment extracted from Lake Albufera; organic matter and total metals were also analyzed. Twelve sites were sampled in each of three sampling campaigns conducted in March and September 2007 and September 2008. The results revealed elevated organic matter contents varying between 6.9 and 16.7%. The concentrations of AVS in the lake were high, ranging from 8.5 to 48.5 ¿mol/g; the lowest concentrations were found in the central sites. The AVS results displayed significant differences between the samples from the winter and summer of 2007 (p < 0.05) but not between the two summer samples. The results obtained for SEM varied from 1.4 to 4.8 ¿mol/g. The difference SEM-AVS was less than zero for all sampling locations and campaigns, indicating the existence of a sulphide pool able to bind metals. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.Hernández Crespo, C.; Martín Monerris, M.; Ferris Juan, M.; Oñate Ema, M. (2012). Measurement of Acid Volatile Sulphide and Simultaneously Extracted Metals in Sediment from Lake Albufera (Valencia, Spain). Soil and Sediment Contamination. 21(2):176-191. doi:10.1080/15320383.2012.649374S176191212Allen, H. E., Fu, G., & Deng, B. (1993). Analysis of acid-volatile sulfide (AVS) and simultaneously extracted metals (SEM) for the estimation of potential toxicity in aquatic sediments. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 12(8), 1441-1453. doi:10.1002/etc.5620120812Besser, J. M., Brumbaugh, W. G., Ivey, C. D., Ingersoll, C. G., & Moran, P. W. (2007). Biological and Chemical Characterization of Metal Bioavailability in Sediments from Lake Roosevelt, Columbia River, Washington, USA. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 54(4), 557-570. doi:10.1007/s00244-007-9074-5Burton, G. A., Green, A., Baudo, R., Forbes, V., Nguyen, L. T. H., Janssen, C. R., … Dunning, J. (2007). CHARACTERIZING SEDIMENT ACID VOLATILE SULFIDE CONCENTRATIONS IN EUROPEAN STREAMS. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 26(1), 1. doi:10.1897/05-708r.1Casado-Martínez, M. C., Buceta, J. L., Belzunce, M. J., & DelValls, T. A. (2006). Using sediment quality guidelines for dredged material management in commercial ports from Spain. Environment International, 32(3), 388-396. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2005.09.003Choi, J. H., Park, S. S., & Jaffé, P. R. (2006). Simulating the dynamics of sulfur species and zinc in wetland sediments. Ecological Modelling, 199(3), 315-323. doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.05.009De Jonge, M., Blust, R., & Bervoets, L. (2010). The relation between Acid Volatile Sulfides (AVS) and metal accumulation in aquatic invertebrates: Implications of feeding behavior and ecology. Environmental Pollution, 158(5), 1381-1391. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2010.01.001De Lange, H. J., Van Griethuysen, C., & Koelmans, A. A. (2008). Sampling method, storage and pretreatment of sediment affect AVS concentrations with consequences for bioassay responses. Environmental Pollution, 151(1), 243-251. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2007.01.052Di Toro, D. M., Mahony, J. D., Hansen, D. J., Scott, K. J., Carlson, A. R., & Ankley, G. T. (1992). Acid volatile sulfide predicts the acute toxicity of cadmium and nickel in sediments. Environmental Science & Technology, 26(1), 96-101. doi:10.1021/es00025a009Du Laing, G., Rinklebe, J., Vandecasteele, B., Meers, E., & Tack, F. M. G. (2009). Trace metal behaviour in estuarine and riverine floodplain soils and sediments: A review. Science of The Total Environment, 407(13), 3972-3985. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.07.025European Union. 2000. “Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for the Community action in the field of water policy”. EU Water Framework Directive. OJ L 327 on 22 December 2000Fang, T., Li, X., & Zhang, G. (2005). Acid volatile sulfide and simultaneously extracted metals in the sediment cores of the Pearl River Estuary, South China. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 61(3), 420-431. doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2004.10.004Grabowski, L. A., Houpis, J. L. J., Woods, W. I., & Johnson, K. A. (2001). Seasonal bioavailability of sediment-associated heavy metals along the Mississippi river floodplain. Chemosphere, 45(4-5), 643-651. doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(01)00037-6Hernández-Crespo, C., Martín, M., Ferrís, M., Oñate, M. and Torán, M. 2010. “Spatial variation of Acid Volatile Sulfide (AVS) and Simultaneously Extracted Metals (SEM) in sediments from Beniarrés, Amadorio and Guadalest reservoirs (Alicante, Spain)”. Seville, Spain: 20th SETAC Europe Annual Meeting. Science and Technology for Environmental Protection.Jingchun, L., Chongling, Y., Spencer, K. L., Ruifeng, Z., & Haoliang, L. (2010). The distribution of acid-volatile sulfide and simultaneously extracted metals in sediments from a mangrove forest and adjacent mudflat in Zhangjiang Estuary, China. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 60(8), 1209-1216. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.03.029Lee, J., Lee, B., Yoo, H., Koh, C., & Luoma, S. (2001). Influence of reactive sulfide (AVS) and supplementary food on Ag, Cd and Zn bioaccumulation in the marine polychaete Neanthes arenaceodentata. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 216, 129-140. doi:10.3354/meps216129Lee, J.-S., Lee, B.-G., Luoma, S. N., & Yoo, H. (2004). IMPORTANCE OF EQUILIBRATION TIME IN THE PARTITIONING AND TOXICITY OF ZINC IN SPIKED SEDIMENT BIOASSAYS. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 23(1), 65. doi:10.1897/03-176Leonard, E. N., Mattson, V. R., Benoit, D. A., Hoke, R. A., & Ankley, G. T. (1993). Seasonal variation of acid volatile sulfide concentration in sediment cores from three northeastern Minnesota lakes. Hydrobiologia, 271(2), 87-95. doi:10.1007/bf00007545Longhi, D., Bartoli, M., & Viaroli, P. (2008). Decomposition of four macrophytes in wetland sediments: Organic matter and nutrient decay and associated benthic processes. Aquatic Botany, 89(3), 303-310. doi:10.1016/j.aquabot.2008.03.004Peng, S.-H., Wang, W.-X., Li, X., & Yen, Y.-F. (2004). Metal partitioning in river sediments measured by sequential extraction and biomimetic approaches. Chemosphere, 57(8), 839-851. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.07.015Peris, E. 1999. “Caracterización de los materiales de fondo del lago de la Albufera evaluación del nivel de aterramiento y caracterización mineralógica de los materiales así como de la carga contaminante persistente residente en el lago”. Departamento de Ingeniería de la Construcción, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia.Public database of Condederación Hidrográfica del Júcar. 2011. Available at:http://www.chj.gob.es/Redesdecalidad/red_ica.aspxSpeelmans, M., Lock, K., Vanthuyne, D. R. J., Hendrickx, F., Du Laing, G., Tack, F. M. G., & Janssen, C. R. (2010). Hydrological regime and salinity alter the bioavailability of Cu and Zn in wetlands. Environmental Pollution, 158(5), 1870-1875. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2009.10.040Técnica y and Proyectos S. A. (TYPSA). 2004. “Estudio para el desarrollo sostenible de l’ Albufera de Valencia”. Confederación Hidrográfica del Júcar, Ministerio de Medio Ambiente.UNE. 77322:2003—Calidad del suelo. Extracción de elementos traza solubles en agua regia (ISO 11466:1995) AENOR, Madrid, Spain. 2003U.S. EPA. 2005. “Procedures for the derivation of Equilibrium Partitioning Sediment Benchmarks (ESBs) for the protection of benthic organisms: Metal mixtures (Cadmium, Copper, Lead, Nickel, Silver and Zinc). EPA-600-R-02-011”. Washington, DC, USA: Office of Research and Development.Van Griethuysen, C., de Lange, H. J., van den Heuij, M., de Bies, S. C., Gillissen, F., & Koelmans, A. A. (2006). Temporal dynamics of AVS and SEM in sediment of shallow freshwater floodplain lakes. Applied Geochemistry, 21(4), 632-642. doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2005.12.010Zheng, L., Xu, X. Q., & Xie, P. (2004). Seasonal and Vertical Distributions of Acid Volatile Sulfide and Metal Bioavailability in a Shallow, Subtropical Lake in China. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 72(2), 326-334. doi:10.1007/s00128-003-9000-