Dietary Restraint Is Non-Genetically Associated with Change in Body Mass Index: The Healthy Twin Study

Purpose: We aimed to examine if past and more recent body mass index (BMI) changes are associated with eating behavior (EB) traits and whether these associations are due to non-genetic factors. Materials and Methods: In 1321 Korean twins and family members, recent and past BMI change groups were defined using quartiles of BMI change between first and second visits over 2.4±0.9 years and BMI change between 20 years old and second visit, respectively. We applied linear mixed analysis for relationships of past or recent BMI change groups and each EB (restrained, external, and emotional EB using the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire) assessed at second visit after adjusting for household effect and covariates (age, gender, education, medical history of diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, alcohol use, physical activity, smoking habit, and calorie intake). In monozygotic twin pairs, paired t-test for within-pair comparison and conditional logistic regression analysis were conducted regarding EB. Results: Greater past BMI change was associated with higher restrained eating scores (P for trend=0.031), whereas greater recent BMI change was associated with higher external eating scores (P for trend=0.046). In co-twin-control analysis, twins with greater past BMI change were more likely to have higher restrained eating scores as compared with their co-twins with lower past BMI change (odds ratio 1.80; 95% confidence interval 1.13--2.87), whereas there were no associations between recent BMI change and external eating scores. Conclusion: Greater BMI change since 20 years old is associated with higher dietary restraint, and non-genetic factors explain this relationship.Key Words: Dietary restraint, non-genetic factor, BMI change, twinINTRODUCTIONOAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2014-01/102/0000040632/4SEQ:4PERF_CD:SNU2014-01EVAL_ITEM_CD:102USER_ID:0000040632ADJUST_YN:NEMP_ID:A077602DEPT_CD:902CITE_RATE:1.263FILENAME:4.dietary restraint is non-genetically associated with change_0.pdfDEPT_NM:보건학과SCOPUS_YN:YCONFIRM:

Eating behaviors and weight over time in a prospective study: the Healthy Twin Study

We examined the relationships of combined initial restrained and external/emotional eating with initial BMI andchange in weight and these subscales over time. BMI and the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire were twicemeasuredin 1361 Korean twins and families (482 men, 879 women) over a period of 2.7±0.9 years. Subjectswere classified by combination of initial sex-specific restrained and external (or emotional) eating tertiles. Linearmixed models were performed after adjusting for confounders at baseline (household, sibling relations, sex, age,education level, smoking, alcohol use, energy intake, physical activity, and medical history). In adjusted models,initial BMI increased with increasing tertiles of initial restrained eating across initial external/emotional eatingtertiles. Weight was less likely to increase over time with increasing tertiles of initial restrained eating in the lowestexternal eating tertile and middle tertile of emotional eating at baseline. Subscale scores decreased over timewith increasing tertiles of corresponding subscales at baseline. These findings suggest that high dietary restraintand external/emotional eating may indicate concurrent high BMI and attenuated weight gain and decreases in correspondingsubscales over time.This work was supported by the 2013 Inje University research grant.OAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2014-01/102/0000040632/2SEQ:2PERF_CD:SNU2014-01EVAL_ITEM_CD:102USER_ID:0000040632ADJUST_YN:NEMP_ID:A077602DEPT_CD:902CITE_RATE:1.055FILENAME:2.eating behaviors and weight over time in a prospective_인제대.pdfDEPT_NM:보건학과EMAIL:[email protected]_YN:YCONFIRM:

PD-1 deficiency protects experimental colitis via alteration of gut microbiota

Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) is a coinhibitory molecule and plays a pivotal role in immune regulation. Here, we demonstrate a role for PD-1 in pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Wild-type (WT) mice had severe wasting disease during experimentally induced colitis, while mice deficient for PD-1 (PD-1(-/-)) did not develop colon inflammation. Interestingly, PD-1(-/-) mice cohoused with WT mice became susceptible to colitis, suggesting that resistance of PD-1(-/-) mice to colitis is dependent on their gut microbiota. 16S rRNA gene-pyrosequencing analysis showed that PD-1(-/-) mice had altered composition of gut microbiota with significant reduction in Rikenellaceae family. These altered colon bacteria of PD-1(-/-) mice induced less amount of inflammatory mediators from colon epithelial cells, including interleukin (IL)-6, and inflammatory chemokines. Taken together, our study indicates that PD-1 expression is involved in the resistance to experimental colitis through altered bacterial communities of colon.112Ysciescopuskc

Potassium chloride elicits enhancement of bilobalide and Ginkgolides production by Ginkgo biloba cell cultures

This study investigated the ability of potassium chloride (KCl) to elicit the production of bilobalide (BB), ginkgolide A (GA) and ginkgolide B (GB) by Ginkgo biloba cell suspension cultures. The salt stress by KCl treatments increased production of BB, GA and GB in both suspended cells and cultured medium. Especially, treatment of KCl 800 mM of highest concentration was stimulated emission into cultured medium BB, GA and GB compounds accumulated in cells. Although KCl 800 mM severely inhibited cells growth, the maximum content of GA and GB in cells was obtained in the treatment of KCl 800 mM, which was 1.9 and 4.0 times higher than the control. These results thus suggest that salt stress can afford enhanced production of secondary metabolites by plant cell cultures

Neovesical-Urethral Anastomotic Stricture Successfully Treated by Ureteral Dilation Balloon Catheter

Neovesical-urethral anastomotic stricture is a complication of orthotopic neobladder, with a reported incidence of 2.7% to 8.8%. Strictures of the neovesico-urethral anastomotic site can be treated with regular self-dilation, but high-grade strictures require a surgical procedure involving incision by electrocautery or cold knife. Here we describe a grade III neovesical-urethral anastomotic stricture after an orthotopic bladder substitution that was successfully treated by use of a ureteral dilation balloon catheter