8,560 research outputs found
Electrostatic extraction of cold molecules from a cryogenic reservoir
We present a method which delivers a continuous, high-density beam of slow
and internally cold polar molecules. In our source, warm molecules are first
cooled by collisions with a cryogenic helium buffer gas. Cold molecules are
then extracted by means of an electrostatic quadrupole guide. For ND the
source produces fluxes up to molecules/s with
peak densities up to molecules/cm. For
HCO the population of rovibrational states is monitored by depletion
spectroscopy, resulting in single-state populations up to .Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, changes to the text, updated figures and
reference
Domain size effects in Barkhausen noise
The possible existence of self-organized criticality in Barkhausen noise is
investigated theoretically through a single interface model, and experimentally
from measurements in amorphous magnetostrictive ribbon Metglas 2605TCA under
stress. Contrary to previous interpretations in the literature, both simulation
and experiment indicate that the presence of a cutoff in the avalanche size
distribution may be attributed to finite size effects.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, submitted so Physical Review
Localization transition of random copolymers at interfaces
We consider adsorption of random copolymer chains onto an interface within
the model of Garel et al. Europhysics Letters 8, 9 (1989). By using the replica
method the adsorption of the copolymer at the interface is mapped onto the
problem of finding the ground state of a quantum mechanical Hamiltonian. To
study this ground state we introduce a novel variational principle for the
Green's function, which generalizes the well-known Rayleigh-Ritz method of
Quantum Mechanics to nonstationary states. Minimization with an appropriate
trial Green's function enables us to find the phase diagram for the
localization-delocalization transition for an ideal random copolymer at the
interface.Comment: 5 page
A path integral approach to the dynamics of a random chain with rigid constraints
In this work the dynamics of a freely jointed random chain which fluctuates
at constant temperature in some viscous medium is studied. The chain is
regarded as a system of small particles which perform a brownian motion and are
subjected to rigid constraints which forbid the breaking of the chain. For
simplicity, all interactions among the particles have been switched off and the
number of dimensions has been limited to two. The problem of describing the
fluctuations of the chain in the limit in which it becomes a continuous system
is solved using a path integral approach, in which the constraints are imposed
with the insertion in the path integral of suitable Dirac delta functions. It
is shown that the probability distribution of the possible conformations in
which the fluctuating chain can be found during its evolution in time coincides
with the partition function of a field theory which is a generalization of the
nonlinear sigma model in two dimensions. Both the probability distribution and
the generating functional of the correlation functions of the positions of the
beads are computed explicitly in a semiclassical approximation for a
ring-shaped chain.Comment: 36 pages, 2 figures, LaTeX + REVTeX4 + graphicx, minor changes in the
text, reference adde
k-strings and baryon vertices in SU(N) gauge theories
It is pointed out that the sine law for the k-string tension emerges as the
critical threshold below which the spatial Z_N symmetry of the static baryon
potential is spontaneously broken. This result applies not only to SU(N) gauge
theories, but to any gauge system with stable k-strings admitting a baryon
vertex made with N sources in the fundamental representation. Some simple
examples are worked out.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, v2: reference added, v3: comments and references
adde
Seasonal abundance of small cladocerans in Lake Mangakaware, Waikato, New Zealand
The seasonal changes in the dynamics and life histories of the Cladocera in Lake Mangakaware, North Island, New Zealand, were studied over 19 months by sampling at weekly or 2-weekly intervals. Lake Mangakaware is a 13.3 ha polymictic lake with high nutrient status, low Secchi disc transparencies, and an unstable thermal regime. The four planktonic cladoceran species (Bosmina longirostris, B. meridionalis, Ceriodaphnia pulchella, and C. dubia) exhibited disjunct population maxima. Only B. longirostris was perennially present. All species exhibited low fecundities and low lipid content, indicating that food resources were limited and that competitive interactions and resistance to starvation were probably important in determining species success. Increases in body size in cooler seasons were unrelated to clutch size, giving further support for the view that available food was limited. These results are consistent with previous experimental findings that subtle differences in life history can determine seasonal success and the outcome of competition between similar species
Multi-frequency observations of a superbubble in the LMC: The case of LHA 120-N 70
We present a detailed study of new Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA)
and XMM-Newton observations of LHA 120-N 70 (hereafter N 70), a spherically
shaped object in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) classified as a superbubble
(SB). Both archival and new observations were used to produce high quality
radio-continuum, X-ray and optical images. The radio spectral index of N 70 is
estimated to be indicating that while a supernova or
supernovae have occurred in the region at some time in the distant past, N70 is
not the remnant of a single specific supernova. N70 exhibits limited
polarisation with a maximum fractional polarisation of 9% in a small area of
the north west limb. We estimate the size of N 70 to have a diameter of 104 pc
( pc). The morphology of N 70 in X-rays closely follows that in radio
and optical, with most X-ray emission confined within the bright shell seen at
longer wavelengths. Purely thermal models adequately fit the soft X-ray
spectrum which lacks harder emission (above 1 keV). We also examine the
pressure output of N 70 where the values for the hot (PX) and warm (PHii) phase
are consistent with other studied Hii regions. However, the dust-processed
radiation pressure (PIR) is significantly smaller than in any other object
studied in Lopez et al. (2013). N70 is a very complex region that is likely to
have had multiple factors contributing to both the origin and evolution of the
entire region.Comment: 21 pages 8 figures accepted for publication in A
Distribution of the color fields around static quarks: Flux tube profiles
We report detailed calculations of the profiles of energy and action
densities in the quark-antiquark string in SU(2) lattice gauge theory.Comment: 40 pages, LSUHE 94-15
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