658 research outputs found
Synergistic effects of dual-electrocatalyst FeOOH/NiOOH thin films as effective surface photogenerated hole extractors on a novel hierarchical heterojunction photoanode structure for solar-driven photoelectrochemical water splitting
Herein, we report the rational design of a novel hierarchical V2O5/BiVO4 heterojunction photoanode structure with rGO interlayer that functionalises as photogenerated electron collector, and dual electrocatalyst thin films of FeOOH and NiOOH as photogenerated hole extractors for solar-driven PEC water splitting. Results showed that the novel hierarchical FTO/V2O5/rGO/BiVO4/FeOOH/NiOOH photoanode exhibited an unprecedented and stable photocurrent density of 3.06 mA/cm2 at 1.5 V vs Ag/AgCl, and an apparent cathodic onset potential shift down to 0.2 V under AM 1.5 G simulated solar light illumination. The significant enhancement in PEC performance is ascribed to band potentials matching between V2O5 and BiVO4 in forming a Type II staggered heterojunction alignment, and further coupling with rGO interlayer and dual-electrocatalyst thin films as photogenerated electron collector and photogenerated hole extractors, respectively. Three different configurations of the novel hierarchical FTO/V2O5/rGO/BiVO4 photoanodes without electrocatalyst, with mono- and dual-electrocatalyst thin films were systematically examined. It was proven though EIS and IMPS measurements that the dual-electrocatalyst configuration photoanode exhibited the shortest transit time (τ) of 31.8 ms for the diffusion of photogenerated electrons to the counter electrode, and the lowest charge transfer resistance across the interface of electrode/electrolyte as estimated using the Randles-Ershel model. We believe that the proof-of-principle work described here not only provides an in-depth understanding on the roles of electrocatalyst thin films but also provides a design guide over the incorporation of electrocatalyst materials for further improving the photogenerated charge carrier dynamics in photoanodes used in solar-driven PEC water splitting
A Type II n-n staggered orthorhombic V2O5/monoclinic clinobisvanite BiVO4 heterojunction photoanode for photoelectrochemical water oxidation: Fabrication, characterisation and experimental validation
Conventional photoanode using a singular semiconductor material is not technically viable for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation owing to the properties relating to its wide band gap, sluggish charge mobility, as well as poor separation and rapid recombination of photogenerated charge carriers. The main aim of this study was to fabricate an n-n heterojunction photoanode of V2O5/BiVO4 via a facile electrodeposition synthesis method in order to overcome the technical bottlenecks encountered in conventional singular photoanode structures. Additionally, the synergistic effect of band potentials matching and conductivity difference between BiVO4 and V2O5 were studied using LSV, IMPS, EIS, HR-TEM, XRD, XPS, Raman and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopies. This was followed by the performance evaluation of the light-induced water splitting using a standard three-electrode assembly PEC cell under 1.5 AM solar simulator. Results showed that the V2O5/BiVO4 heterojunction photoanode achieved a significantly improved photocurrent density of 1.53 mA/cm2 at 1.5 V vs Ag/AgCl, which was a 6.9-fold and a 7.3-fold improvement over the individual pristine BiVO4 (0.22 mA/cm2) and V2O5 (0.21 mA/cm2), respectively. The improvement was attributed to the lower charge resistances at the FTO/semiconductor, semiconductor/FTO and semiconductor/electrolyte interfaces as well as the fast transit time () of 6.4 ms for photo-injected electrons in the V2O5/BiVO4 heterojunction photoanode. Finally, the experimental results were used to reconstruct a theoretical band diagram in validating the heterojunction alignment between V2O5 and BiVO4 as well as in elucidating the photogenerated charge carriers transfer mechanism in the V2O5/BiVO4 heterojunction photoanode
Tuning of reduced graphene oxide thin film as an efficient electron conductive interlayer in a proven heterojunction photoanode for solar-driven photoelectrochemical water splitting
Although bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) has shown excellent photoelectrochemical (PEC) properties and is a good candidate of photoanode materials, the solar-driven PEC water splitting performance is still remained below its full potential due to the fast recombination and sluggish charge mobility of photogenerated charge carriers. Previously, we have communicated a proven Type II staggered vanadium pentoxide (V2O5)/BiVO4 heterojunction photoanode that could improve the photocurrent density. This study aimed to examine the effect of introducing an rGO thin film as an efficient electron conductive interlayer in a proven V2O5/BiVO4 heterojunction photoanode, and subsequently tuning the rGO film thickness in achieving the optimum PEC performance. The resultant ternary photoanode structure of V2O5/rGO/BiVO4 was characterised by using field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), high resolution-transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), UV–vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. Results showed that the interlayer rGO thin film arising from the sequential drop cast and electrochemical reduction of 320 μL ultrasonicated GO solution resulted in the optimal photocurrent density of 2.1 mA/cm2 at 1.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Furthermore, the chemical physics surrounding the photogenerated charge carrier transfer for heterojunction V2O5/BiVO4 was validated for the structure with and without the rGO interlayer. In particular, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to measure multiple resistances at the FTO/semiconductor, semiconductor/semiconductor and semiconductor/electrolyte interfaces. Additionally, the charge transfer (Kt) and recombination (Kr) rate constants for the heterojunction V2O5/BiVO4 with the rGO interlayer were quantified using intensity modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS). Finally, the PEC H2 evolution rate from the ternary V2O5/rGO/BiVO4 photoanode was measured to be 32.7 μ mol/hr, which was about 3-fold higher than the bare V2O5/BiVO4 heterojunction photoanode
Productivity trends and collaboration patterns: A diachronic study in the eating disorders field
[EN] Objective
The present study seeks to extend previous bibliometric studies on eating disorders (EDs) by including a time-dependent analysis of the growth and evolution of multi-author collaborations and their correlation with ED publication trends from 1980 to 2014 (35 years).
Methods
Using standardized practices, we searched Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection (WoSCC) (indexes: Science Citation Index-Expanded [SCIE], & Social Science Citation Index [SSCI]) and Scopus (areas: Health Sciences, Life Sciences, & Social Sciences and Humanities) to identify a large sample of articles related to EDs. We then submitted our sample of articles to bibliometric and graph theory analyses to identify co-authorship and social network patterns.
Results
We present a large number of detailed findings, including a clear pattern of scientific growth measured as number of publications per five-year period or quinquennium (Q), a tremendous increase in the number of authors attracted by the ED subject, and a very high and steady growth in collaborative work.
Conclusions
We inferred that the noted publication growth was likely driven by the noted increase in the number of new authors per Q. Social network analyses suggested that collaborations within ED follow patters of interaction that are similar to well established and recognized disciplines, as indicated by the presence of a ¿giant cluster¿, high cluster density, and the replication of the ¿small world¿ phenomenon¿the principle that we are all linked by short chains of acquaintances.This work was performed with a subsidy from Universidad Catolica de Valencia "San Vicente Martir" to resarch group INDOTEI: Evaluacion de la Ciencia, for the years 2016-2017. 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Jet energy measurement with the ATLAS detector in proton-proton collisions at root s=7 TeV
The jet energy scale and its systematic uncertainty are determined for jets measured with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 7TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 38 pb-1. Jets are reconstructed with the anti-kt algorithm with distance parameters R=0. 4 or R=0. 6. Jet energy and angle corrections are determined from Monte Carlo simulations to calibrate jets with transverse momenta pT≥20 GeV and pseudorapidities {pipe}η{pipe}<4. 5. The jet energy systematic uncertainty is estimated using the single isolated hadron response measured in situ and in test-beams, exploiting the transverse momentum balance between central and forward jets in events with dijet topologies and studying systematic variations in Monte Carlo simulations. The jet energy uncertainty is less than 2. 5 % in the central calorimeter region ({pipe}η{pipe}<0. 8) for jets with 60≤pT<800 GeV, and is maximally 14 % for pT<30 GeV in the most forward region 3. 2≤{pipe}η{pipe}<4. 5. The jet energy is validated for jet transverse momenta up to 1 TeV to the level of a few percent using several in situ techniques by comparing a well-known reference such as the recoiling photon pT, the sum of the transverse momenta of tracks associated to the jet, or a system of low-pT jets recoiling against a high-pT jet. More sophisticated jet calibration schemes are presented based on calorimeter cell energy density weighting or hadronic properties of jets, aiming for an improved jet energy resolution and a reduced flavour dependence of the jet response. The systematic uncertainty of the jet energy determined from a combination of in situ techniques is consistent with the one derived from single hadron response measurements over a wide kinematic range. The nominal corrections and uncertainties are derived for isolated jets in an inclusive sample of high-pT jets. Special cases such as event topologies with close-by jets, or selections of samples with an enhanced content of jets originating from light quarks, heavy quarks or gluons are also discussed and the corresponding uncertainties are determined. © 2013 CERN for the benefit of the ATLAS collaboration
Measurement of the inclusive and dijet cross-sections of b-jets in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector
The inclusive and dijet production cross-sections have been measured for jets
containing b-hadrons (b-jets) in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass
energy of sqrt(s) = 7 TeV, using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The
measurements use data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 34 pb^-1.
The b-jets are identified using either a lifetime-based method, where secondary
decay vertices of b-hadrons in jets are reconstructed using information from
the tracking detectors, or a muon-based method where the presence of a muon is
used to identify semileptonic decays of b-hadrons inside jets. The inclusive
b-jet cross-section is measured as a function of transverse momentum in the
range 20 < pT < 400 GeV and rapidity in the range |y| < 2.1. The bbbar-dijet
cross-section is measured as a function of the dijet invariant mass in the
range 110 < m_jj < 760 GeV, the azimuthal angle difference between the two jets
and the angular variable chi in two dijet mass regions. The results are
compared with next-to-leading-order QCD predictions. Good agreement is observed
between the measured cross-sections and the predictions obtained using POWHEG +
Pythia. MC@NLO + Herwig shows good agreement with the measured bbbar-dijet
cross-section. However, it does not reproduce the measured inclusive
cross-section well, particularly for central b-jets with large transverse
momenta.Comment: 10 pages plus author list (21 pages total), 8 figures, 1 table, final
version published in European Physical Journal
Measurement of the cross-section of high transverse momentum vector bosons reconstructed as single jets and studies of jet substructure in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector
This paper presents a measurement of the cross-section for high transverse momentum W and Z bosons produced in pp collisions and decaying to all-hadronic final states. The data used in the analysis were recorded by the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 7 TeV;{\rm Te}{\rm V}4.6\;{\rm f}{{{\rm b}}^{-1}}{{p}_{{\rm T}}}\gt 320\;{\rm Ge}{\rm V}|\eta |\lt 1.9{{\sigma }_{W+Z}}=8.5\pm 1.7$ pb and is compared to next-to-leading-order calculations. The selected events are further used to study jet grooming techniques
Search for the neutral Higgs bosons of the minimal supersymmetric standard model in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector
A search for neutral Higgs bosons of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) is reported. The analysis is based on a sample of proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The data were recorded in 2011 and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb-1 to 4.8 fb-1. Higgs boson decays into oppositely-charged muon or τ lepton pairs are considered for final states requiring either the presence or absence of b-jets. No statistically significant excess over the expected background is observed and exclusion limits at the 95% confidence level are derived. The exclusion limits are for the production cross-section of a generic neutral Higgs boson, φ, as a function of the Higgs boson mass and for h/A/H production in the MSSM as a function of the parameters mA and tan β in the mhmax scenario for mA in the range of 90GeV to 500 GeV. Copyright CERN
Search for direct pair production of the top squark in all-hadronic final states in proton-proton collisions at s√=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector
The results of a search for direct pair production of the scalar partner to the top quark using an integrated luminosity of 20.1fb−1 of proton–proton collision data at √s = 8 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC are reported. The top squark is assumed to decay via t˜→tχ˜01 or t˜→ bχ˜±1 →bW(∗)χ˜01 , where χ˜01 (χ˜±1 ) denotes the lightest neutralino (chargino) in supersymmetric models. The search targets a fully-hadronic final state in events with four or more jets and large missing transverse momentum. No significant excess over the Standard Model background prediction is observed, and exclusion limits are reported in terms of the top squark and neutralino masses and as a function of the branching fraction of t˜ → tχ˜01 . For a branching fraction of 100%, top squark masses in the range 270–645 GeV are excluded for χ˜01 masses below 30 GeV. For a branching fraction of 50% to either t˜ → tχ˜01 or t˜ → bχ˜±1 , and assuming the χ˜±1 mass to be twice the χ˜01 mass, top squark masses in the range 250–550 GeV are excluded for χ˜01 masses below 60 GeV
Search for pair-produced long-lived neutral particles decaying to jets in the ATLAS hadronic calorimeter in ppcollisions at √s=8TeV
The ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN is used to search for the decay of a scalar boson to a pair of long-lived particles, neutral under the Standard Model gauge group, in 20.3fb−1of data collected in proton–proton collisions at √s=8TeV. This search is sensitive to long-lived particles that decay to Standard Model particles producing jets at the outer edge of the ATLAS electromagnetic calorimeter or inside the hadronic calorimeter. No significant excess of events is observed. Limits are reported on the product of the scalar boson production cross section times branching ratio into long-lived neutral particles as a function of the proper lifetime of the particles. Limits are reported for boson masses from 100 GeVto 900 GeV, and a long-lived neutral particle mass from 10 GeVto 150 GeV
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