Efektivitas Preventif Omeprazol Terhadap Efek Samping Tukak Lambung Antiinflamasi Non Steroid (Asetosal) pada Tikus Galur Wistar Betina

Obat antiinflamasi non steroid (OAINS) memiliki efek samping utama dalam penggunaan berulang, yaitu tukak lambung. Penggunaan OAINS dengan dosis tinggi (dosis anti rematik artritis) meningkatkan resiko terkenanya tukak lambung. Pemberian obat anti tukak lambung seperti omeprazol dapat mengobati dan mencegah tukak lambung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas preventif omeprazol terhadap efek samping tukak lambung OAINS, asetosal pada dosis anti rematik artritis. Efektivitas preventif omeprazol ditentukan secara in vivo pada tikus galur Wistar betina. Tikus dibagi menjadi kelompok yang mendapat OAINS uji (asetosal) pada dosis anti rematik artritis saja dan kelompok yang mendapat omeprazol sebagai terapi preventif, kemudian diberikan asetosal pada dosis anti rematik artritis. Perlakuan diberikan selama tujuh hari, kemudian tukak lambung yang terjadi dievaluasi menggunakan skor jumlah tukak, keparahan tukak dan persen kejadian tukak lambung, dan dibandingkan antar kelompok perlakuan secara statistik. Dihitung indeks tukak tiap klompok untuk menilai tingkat tukak lambung yang terjadi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, efektivitas preventif omeprazol terhadap efek samping tukak lambung dari asetosal adalah sebesar 10,68 %.Kata kunci: OAINS, asetosal, efek samping, indek tukak. Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have prominent side effect in repeated use, peptic ulcer. Indication of NSAIDs in high dose (rheumatic arthritis' dose) increase the risk of peptic ulcer. Administration of antipeptic ulcer medicine-omeprazol could prevent and healing peptic ulcer. The aim of this study was to observe the effectivity of omeprazol's prevention to peptic ulcer side effect of NSAIDs, asetosal in rheumatic arthritis' dose. The effectivity of omeprazol's prevention determined in vivo in female Wistar rats. Rats were divided into group given asetosal only in rheumatic arthritis's dose and group given omeprazol preventively then asetoal in rheumatic arthritis's dose. Treatment be given for seven days, then formed peptic ulcer could be evaluated by scoring of ulcer amount and ulcer severity formed and then the datas of the difference beetween two groups are evaluated staticly. Ulcer index each group were determined for determining ulcer damage. The results showed that the effectivity of omeprazol's prevention to peptic ulser side effect of acetosal as an peptic ulser inhibition was 10.68 %.Keywords: NSAID, acetosal, adverse effect, ulcer index

EFFECT OF HONEY ON HEALTHY AND ALLOXAN DIABETIC MALE SWISS-WEBSTER MICE (MUS MUSCULUS) WITH AND WITHOUT GLIBENCLAMIDE THERAPY

This study was conducted to know the effect of honey from Sumbawa on healthy and alloxan-induced diabetic mice. It consisted of honey quality test, glucose tolerance test (GTT) and alloxan-induced diabetes. On GTT, healthy animals were given pure honey, diluted honey 20% and 50%,  blood glucose levels were measured every 30 minutes for 3 hours. Diabetic mice obtained by inducing alloxan at a dose of 50 mg/kg bw. Blood glucose levels of diabetic mice in range of 400-500 mg/dL. Honey and combination of glibenclamide with honey were given for 21 days. Glibenclamide dose of 0.65 mg/kg bw was used as standard drug. Blood glucose levels were measured on days 10, 17 and 24. On the next day, the animals were sacrificed and pancreas were isolated. Pure honey, 20%, and 50% honey showed to raise blood glucose levels. Blood glucose level in mice group that given pure honey stayed in the normal value of 140 mg/dL until 180 minute observation, significantly different from the group of glucose 20% (p<0.05). Honey and combination of glibenclamide with honey in alloxan diabetic mice did not caused a decrease of blood glucose levels that significantly different compared to the sore group (p>0.05). It can be concluded honey maintains blood glucose levels of healthy mice on a normal value of 140 mg/dL until 180 minutes. In alloxan diabetic test, neither honey nor the combination of glibenclamide and honey did not show a decrease in blood glucose levels that significantly different to the sore group

LIPID PROFILE AND PLATELET AGGREGATION OF ETHANOLIC SEED EXTRACT OF AVOCADO (PERSEA AMERICANA MILL.) IN HYPERLIPIDEMIC MALE WISTAR RAT

ABSTRACTObjective: The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of ethanol seed extract of avocado (ESEA) (Persea americana Mill.) on lipidprofile and platelet aggregation in hyperlipidemic male Wistar rat.Methods: The avocado seed was extracted using 70% ethanol by the reflux method. The induction method was conducted by giving high cholesterolintake and oral administration of pure cholesterol, cholic acid, and propylthiouracil. Antiplatelet aggregation parameters were measured by observingof bleeding time (BT), coagulation time (CT), and antiplatelet aggregation activity using adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) as aggregation inductor.Lipid profile such as total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), as well as theparameters of platelet aggregation were measured before the induction, the end of induction and the end of therapy.Results: ESEA 10 mg/kg bw showed decreasing in TC and LDL levels which was significantly different compare to control group (p<0.05) while ESEA20 and 40 mg/kg bw gave decreasing in TG. All of doses of extract showed no increasing in HDL levels. In antiplatelet aggregation effect test, ESEA10 mg/kg bw had the ability to extend BT. ESEA 20 and 40 mg/kg bw had the ability to extend the CT. All of doses of extract showed significantlydifferent (p<0.05) on the measurement of aggregation activity by decreasing in plasma absorbance.Conclusion: The result suggested lipid lowering and anti-aggregation potential of ESEA, which serves as a new potential herbal product and good forcardiovascular disease treatment because it can reduce both risk factors causing the disease.Keywords: Cholesterol, Platelet aggregation, Avocado, Persea americana Mill., Seed

PENGARUH BEBERAPA MINUMAN SUPLEMEN BERENERGI TERHADAP KADAR GLUKOSA DAN LAKTAT DARAH MENCIT SWISS WEBSTER BETINA SETELAH BERENANG SELAMA 30 MENIT

Latar belakang dan tujuan : Saat ini minuman suplemen berenergi banyak dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat dalam berolahraga. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan uji berenang paksa (forced swimming test) terhadap mencit Swiss Webster betina untuk melihat pengaruh beberapa jenis minuman suplemen berenergi terhadap kadar glukosa dan laktat darah mencit. Metode : Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 5 kelompok mencit, yaitu: kontrol (diberikan air putih), kafein (diberikan kafein murni), minuman A (diberikan minuman suplemen yang mengandung kafein), minuman B (diberikan minuman suplemen yang mengandung mineral), dan minuman C (diberikan minuman suplemen yang mengandung taurin dan ginseng). Uji berenang paksa (forced swimming test) dilakukan menggunakan akuarium dengan ukuran 30 x 30 x 40 cm dan diisi air dengan kedalaman 30 cm. Kadar glukosa dan laktat darah diukur dengan menggunakan alat Accutrend® Plus. Pengambilan darah dilakukan 1 jam setelah mencit diberikan perlakuan (kafein atau minuman uji) untuk diukur kadar glukosa darah dan 30 menit setelah mencit dipaksa berenang untuk diukur kadar glukosa dan laktat darah. Hasil : Kelompok kafein dan minuman C memberikan perubahan kadar glukosa darah secara bermakna (p<0,05) dibandingkan terhadap kontrol 1 jam setelah mencit diberikan perlakuan. Persentase perubahan kadar glukosa darah dari kelompok kontrol, kafein, minuman A, minuman B, dan minuman C, 1 jam setelah mencit diberikan perlakuan berturut-turut adalah 8,23%, -15,1%, 7,34%, -0,19%, dan -16,18%. Selanjutnya, hanya pada kelompok kafein yang memberikan perubahan kadar glukosa darah secara bermakna (p<0,05) dibandingkan terhadap kontrol 30 menit setelah mencit dipaksa berenang. Persentase perubahan kadar glukosa darah kelompok kontrol, kafein, minuman A, minuman B, dan minuman C, 30 menit setelah mencit dipaksa berenang berturut-turut adalah -9,85%, - 25,48%, -13,11%, -9,56%, dan -12,91%. Sementara itu, kelompok kafein, minuman A, dan minuman B memberikan perubahan kadar laktat darah secara bermakna (p<0,05) dibandingkan terhadap kontrol 30 menit setelah mencit dipaksa berenang. Persentase perubahan kadar laktat darah kelompok kontrol, kafein, minuman A, minuman B, dan minuman C, 30 menit setelah mencit dipaksa berenang berturut-turut adalah -4,61%, 16,84%, 23,4%, 2,92%, dan 21,88%.  Kesimpulan : Peningkatan aktivitas oleh pengaruh berbagai minuman uji menghasilkan peningkatan kelelahan yang ditunjukkan dengan peningkatan kadar laktat darah yang cukup tinggi setelah beraktivitas (berenang selama 30 menit). Efek peningkatan aktivitas ini nampak pada peningkatan aktivitas berenang pada minuman uji, terutama pada minuman C

TINGKAT KEBUGARAN DAN PRESTASI BELAJAR

Tujuan: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendeskripsikan pengaruh tingkat kebugaran terhadap prestasi belajar pada mahasiswa Tahap Persiapan Bersama Institut Teknologi Bandung. Metode: Sebanyak 616 (laki-laki 402 orang, perempuan 214 orang) mahasiswa mengikuti kuliah olahraga seminggu sekali selama satu semester. Tes kebugaran menggunakan tes lari 2400 meter. Kebugaran dinilai dari tes kapasitas aerobic yang dikembangkan oleh Physical Readiness Test (PRT) US Navy, dikelompokkan kedalam tingkat kebugaran "sangat kurang", "kurang", "normal", "baik", "sangat baik", dan "istimewa". Prestasi belajar dilihat dari indeks prestasi kumulatif (IPK) pada awal dan akhir semester. Hasil: Tingkat kebugaran kelompok laki-laki 13,35 menit atau VO2Max 40,22 ml/kg/minute sedangkan kelompok perempuan 17,00 menit atau VO2Max 32,42 ml/kg/minute. Indeks Prestasi Kumulatif (IPK) pada skala 4 (maksimal), IPK kelompok laki-laki 3,48, kelompok perempuan 3,47. Indeks masa tubuh kelompok laki-laki 21,28 kg/m2, perempuan 20,50 kg/m2. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat kebugaran dengan prestasi belajar, namun instensitas olahraga yang tinggi yaitu lebih dari 9 jam perminggu berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat kebugaran

PENGKAJIAN ANTIHIPERURISEMIA EMULSI MINYAK HATI IKAN KOD PADA MENCIT SWISS WEBSTER JANTAN

ABSTRAKEmulsi minyak hati ikan kod dipercaya membantu mencegah pembentukan asam urat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji aktivitas antihiperurisemia secara in vivo dan mengembangkan metode antihiperurisemia secara in vitro emulsi minyak hati ikan kod. Metode in vivo dilakukan menggunakan mencit Swiss Webster jantan yang diinduksi makanan tinggi purin 100 mg/kg BB suspensi hati ayam, bersama pemberian sediaan pembanding atau sediaan uji selama 20 hari. Kelompok kontrol sakit menerima induksi. Kelompok pembanding alopurinol menerima induksi dan 26 mg/kg BB alopurinol. Kelompok pembanding vitamin A menerima induksi dan 650 IU/kg BB vitamin A. Kelompok uji dosis rendah, sedang, dan tinggi menerima induksi dan 150 mg/kg BB, 300 mg/kg BB, dan 450 mg/kg BB emulsi minyak hati ikan kod. Efek antihiperurisemia terbesar ditunjukkan dosis 150 mg/kg BB dengan penurunan kadar asam urat sebesar 57,04% dibanding kelompok kontrol sakit. Hasil percobaan in vivo menunjukkan emulsi minyak hati ikan kod yang diberikan bersamaan induksi makanan tinggi purin memiliki efek antihiperurisemia. Metode in vitro dilakukan menggunakan asam urat dan basa purin murni yang ditambahkan homogenat hati tikus sebagai sumber enzim xantin oksidase. Hasil percobaan in vitro menunjukkan emulsi minyak hati ikan kod menguraikan asam urat dalam 0,525 mL medium campuran 0,075 mg asam urat dan 0,011 mL emulsi minyak hati ikan kod; emulsi minyak hati ikan kod mencegah pembentukan asam urat dari purin dalam 0,725 mL medium campuran 0,200 mg purin, 0,066 gram homogenat hati, dan 0,016 mL emulsi minyak hati ikan kod.Kata kunci : antihiperurisemia, emulsi minyak hati ikan kod, asam urat, purin. ABSTRACTCod liver oil emulsion is believed of being able to prevent uric acid accumulation. This research was held to examine antihyperuricemic activity with in vivo and develop antihyperuricemic method with in vitro of cod liver oil emulsion. In vivo method was accomplished using Swiss Webster male mice inducted with high purine meal 100 mg/kg BW chicken liver suspense, together with drugs or cod liver oil emulsion through 20 days. Control group consumed high purine meal. Allopurinol group consumed high purin meal and 26 mg/kg BW of allopurinol. Vitamin A group consumed high purine meal and 650 IU/kg BW of vitamin A. Low dose, medium dose, and high dose group consumed high purine meal and 150 mg/kg BW, 300 mg/kg BW, and 450 mg/kg BW of cod liver oil emulsion. Strongest antihyperuricemic capability was shown by dose of 150 mg/kg BW with 57,04% degradation of uric acid compared to control group. In vivo showed that cod liver oil emulsion given together with high purine meal had antihyperuricemic effect. In vitro method was accomplished using pure uric acid and purine base with rat liver homogenate as xanthine oxidase enzyme source added. In vitro showed cod liver oil emulsion degraded uric acid in 0,525 mL medium mixture of 0,075 mg of uric acid and 0,011 mL cod liver oil emulsion; cod liver oil emulsion prevented uric acid establishment from purine in 0,725 mL medium mixture of 0,200 mg of purin, 0,066 gram of liver homogenate, and 0,016 mL of cod liver oil emulsion. Keywords : antihyperuricemic, cod liver oil emulsion, uric acid, purine

HIGH DOSES OF SOYBEAN, JATI BELANDA AND THEIR COMBINATION EXTRACTS HAVE NO ACUTE TOXIC EFFECTS

Latar Belakang: Sebagai terapi antiobesitas kombinasi ekstrak kedelai Detam-1 dan daun Jati Belanda haruslah aman dan bebas dari bahan toksik. Untuk membuktikan keamanan ekstrak tumbuhan obat, diperlukan uji toksisitas akut. Tes ini terdiri dari: nilai LD50, perilaku, berat organ (BO), dan indeks organ (IO) mencit Swiss Webster setelah diberi ekstrak etanol kedelai Detam-1 (EEKD), ekstrak etanol Jati Belanda (EEJB) dan kombinasinya.Metode: Penelitian eksperimental sejati dengan rancangan acak lengkap sesuai ketentuan BPOM tahun 2014 adalah metode penelitian ini. Dua puluh mencit betina Swiss Webster dibagi menjadi empat kelompok perlakuan. Kelompok 1 (kontrol negatif), 2 (EEKD 2.000 mg / kgBB), 3 (EEJB 2.000 mg / kgBB), dan 4 (kombinasi EEKD dan EEJB 1: 2 sebesar 2000 mg / kgBB). Data BO dan IO dianalisis dengan uji t tidak berpasangan dengan α = 0,05.Hasil:  Tidak ada gejala mortalitas dan toksisitas pada semua kelompok, semua mencit berperilaku normal, tidak ada perbedaan bermakna dari BO dan IO dari delapan organ utama semua grup secara statistik (p> 0,05) kecuali paru-paru, hati dan limpa pada kelompok 2. Kesimpulan: Nilai LD50 dari EEKD, EEJB dan kombinasinya seluruhnya di atas 2.000 mg/kgBB, tidak menimbulkan perubahan perilaku mencit; BO dan IO pada mencit yang diberi dosis sangat tinggi EEKD, EEJB dan kombinasinya.Kata kunci: LD50, perilaku, bobot organ, indeks organ, kedelai Detam-1, daun Jati Belanda AbstractBackground: As an antiobesity therapy the combination of Detam-1 soybean extract and Jati Belanda leaves extract should be safe and free from toxic material. In order to prove the safety of both medicinal plant’s extract, acute toxicity test is needed. The test consists of : LD50 value, behaviour, organ weight (OW), and organ index (OI) of Webster Swiss mice after feeding with ethanol extract of Detam-1 soybean (EEDS), ethanol extract of Jati Belanda (EEJB) and its combination. The aim of this research was to know the value of Lethal Dose (LD) 50, behavior, organ weight (OW), and organ index (OI) in Swiss Webster mice after administered of ethanol extract of Detam-1 soybean (EEDS), ethanol extract of Jati Belanda (EEJB) and their combination.Methods: True experimental study with complete randomized design in accordance with BPOM 2014 was the methods of this study. Twenty Swiss Webster female mice were divided into four treatment groups. Group 1 (negative control), 2 EEDS ( 2,000 mg / kgBB), 3 (EEJB 2,000 mg / kgBW), and 4 (EEDS and EEJB 1: 2 combination of 2000 mg / kgBW). OW and OI data were analyzed by independent t test with α = 0.05.Results: There were no symptom of mortality and toxicity in all groups, all of mice behave normally, statistically no significant differences in OW and OI of the eight major organs of all groups (p> 0.05) except lung, liver and spleen in group 2.Conclusion: The LD50 value of EEDS, EEJB and their combinations entirely above 2,000 mg/kgBW, no changing on the behavior, OW and OI in mice which given very high dose of EEDS, EEJB and their combinationKeywords : LD50, behavior, organ weight, organ index, Detam-1 soybean, Jati Beland