Relato de experiência: enfermeiros que vivenciam o som proveniente da campainha de acionamento e a sirene da ambulância do atendimento móvel de urgência

TCC(especialização) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Programa de Pós-graduação em Enfermagem. Linhas de Cuidado em Urgência e EmergênciaEste relato tem como objetivo propor um instrumento aplicado à enfermeiros que identifique os desconfortos e ou danos, gerados pelos sons provenientes da campainha de acioname nto e a sirene da ambulância em um Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência (SAMU) de uma cidade do Amapá- AP. Utilizou-se como método uma tecnologia de concepção, onde o produto é o próprio plano de ação, direcionado aos enfermeiros do SAMU. O estudo foi realizado no período de Fevereiro a Março de 2014. A construção dessa proposta deu-se através de conversas, durante as trocas de plantões, nos intervalos dos turnos de trabalhos e foi aprofundada com estudos teóricos-científicos. Os profissionais foram incentivados a relatar informalmente sua incomodidade Sonora, ao mesmo tempo buscando uma melhor compreensão da problemática, com possives sugestões de mudanças de hábitos em relação ao toque da campainha de acionamento e o som da sirene da ambulância

Molecular determinants of improved cathepsin B inhibition by new cystatins obtained by DNA shuffling

Background: Cystatins are inhibitors of cysteine proteases. The majority are only weak inhibitors of human cathepsin B, which has been associated with cancer, Alzheimer's disease and arthritis. Results: Starting from the sequences of oryzacystatin-1 and canecystatin-1, a shuffling library was designed and a hybrid clone obtained, which presented higher inhibitory activity towards cathepsin B. This clone presented two unanticipated point mutations as well as an N-terminal deletion. Reversing each point mutation independently or both simultaneously abolishes the inhibitory activity towards cathepsin B. Homology modeling together with experimental studies of the reverse mutants revealed the likely molecular determinants of the improved inhibitory activity to be related to decreased protein stability. Conclusion: A combination of experimental approaches including gene shuffling, enzyme assays and reverse mutation allied to molecular modeling has shed light upon the unexpected inhibitory properties of certain cystatin mutants against Cathepsin B. We conclude that mutations disrupting the hydrophobic core of phytocystatins increase the flexibility of the N-terminus, leading to an increase in inhibitory activity. Such mutations need not affect the inhibitory site directly but may be observed distant from it and manifest their effects via an uncoupling of its three components as a result of increased protein flexibility.State of Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)[1998/14138-2]State of Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)[05/59833-5]State of Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)[08/58316-5

Importance of cone beam computed tomography for diagnosis of calcifying cystic odontogenic tumour associated to odontoma : report of a case

The calcifying cystic odontogenic tumour (CCOT) is a rare benign cystic neoplasm not infrequently associated with odontoma. This report documents a case of CCOT associated with compound odontoma arising in the anterior maxilla in a 25-year-old woman. Conventional radiographs showed a large calcified mass with poorly visualized radiolucent margins. The extent and condition of the internal structure of the CCOT associated with odontoma was able to be determined based on radiographic findings from cone beam computed tomography. This advanced image technique proved to be extremely useful in the radiographic assessment of this particular neoplasm of the jawbones

COMPOSIÇÃO E DIVERSIDADE DE ANFÍBIOS ANUROS DO CAMPUS DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO AMAPÁ.

The greatest diversity of amphibians anuran occurs in the Neotropical region. Nevertheless, inventories of amphibians in the tropics are incomplete. In this study, we address information on the composition and diversity of anuran amphibians occurring in the forest fragment of the University of Amapá. The sampling method was based on visual encounter surveys and audio sampling in two trails (400 and 1.200 m) and two small roads (600 and 1.800 m). The study was conducted between August 2007 and July 2008 and a total of 1.368 hours-man for one year. Were recorded 1.132 individuals of amphibians and 20 species in six families. The dominant species were Leptodactylus fuscus (21.4%) and Rhinella granulosa (16.5%). The rarefaction curve of species did not reach an asymptote, indicating that there were found all three species that occur on Campus. Because not all species of amphibians that occur on campus have been evaluated, studies like this show the importance of holding inventories and long-term association of different sampling methods for local anuran.Keywords: Inventory; Eastern Amazon; Forest fragmentation; Anuran.A maior diversidade de anuros ocorre na região neotropical. Apesar disso, inventários sobre anfíbios anuros nos trópicos são lamentavelmente incipientes. Neste estudo abordamos informações sobre a composição e diversidade de anfíbios anuros que ocorrem no fragmento de floresta do Campus da Universidade Federal do Amapá. O método de amostragem utilizado foi procura ativa visual e auditiva em duas trilhas (400 e 1.200 metros de comprimento) e dois ramais (600 e 1.800 metros). Durante o período de amostragem, de agosto de 2007 a julho de 2008, foram realizadas 784 horas-homem de procura dentro das trilhas e 584 horas-homem nos ramais, totalizando 1.368 horas-homem durante um ano. Foram registrados 1.132 indivíduos de anfíbios anuros e 20 espécies distribuídas em seis famílias. As espécies dominantes foram Leptodactylus fuscus com 21,4% e Rhinella granulosa com 16,5% dos indivíduos registrados. A curva de rarefação de espécies não atingiu a assíntota, indicando que não foram encontradas todas as espécies de anfíbios anuros que ocorrem no campus. Pelo fato de nem todas as espécies de anfíbios anuros que ocorrem no campus terem sido amostradas, estudos como este mostram a importância da realização de inventários de longo prazo e da associação de diferentes métodos de amostragem da anurofauna local. Palavras-chave: inventário, Amazônia Oriental, fragmentação florestal, Anura.

ASPECTS OF HUNTING ACTIVITY IN RURAL SETTLEMENT NOVA CANAÃ, MUNICIPALITY OF PORTO GRANDE, STATE OF AMAPÁ

Este artigo teve como objetivo apresentar a atividade de caça em um assentamento rural no município de Porto Grande, Estado do Amapá, entre outubro de 2005 a novembro de 2006. A caça foi avaliada por meio de entrevistas abertas e semi-estruturadas, utilizando como ferramenta o formulário e através da observação participante com 17 assentados. No total, foram abatidos 261 mamíferos pertencentes a 17 espécies. Destes, 189 (72,4%) foram abatidos para subsistência (alimentação) e 72 (27,6%) para caça controle. Dentre as espécies registradas, cinco estão listadas como vulneráveis: Myrmecophaga tridactyla, Priodontes maximus, Panthera onca, Puma concolor e Leopardus wiedii. Entre os entrevistados, a caça de espera (12) é a mais praticada, seguida pela caça com cachorros (4) e de trilhas (1). Na caça de espera é comum a captura de Agouti paca, Tayassu pecari, Pecari tajacu, Tapirus terrestris, Mazama americana e M. gouazoupira. O conhecimento da percepção local sobre a utilização da fauna silvestre é fundamental para a tomada de decisão na elaboração de projetos para a conservação e manejo da fauna local, visando tanto a manutenção como a continuidade do acesso a esse recurso natural.Palavras-chave: Caça, Amazônia Oriental, mamíferos.This article aims to show the activity of hunting in a rural settlement in the municipality of Porto Grande, Amapá State, from October 2005 to November 2006. The hunt was evaluated by means of open interviews and semi-structured using the questionnaire as a tool and through participant observation of 17 settlers. In total, 261 mammals belonging to 17 species were killed. Of these, 189 (72.4%) were killed for subsistence (food) and 72 (27.6%) for predator control. Among the species reported, five are listed as vulnerable: Myrmecophaga tridactyla, Priodontes maximus, Panthera onca, Puma concolor and Leopardus wiedii. Among the interviewed, the ambush technique (12) is the most widely used, followed by hunting with dogs (4) and trails (1). In the ambush technique is common to capture Agouti paca, Tayassu pecari, Pecari tajacu, Tapirus terrestris, Mazama americana and M. gouazoupira. Knowledge of the local perception on the use of wildlife is critical to decision making in developing projects for the conservation and management of local wildlife in order to maintain as much continuity of access to this natural resource.Keywords: Hunting; Eastern Amazonia; Mammals

Digestive physiology and characterization of digestive cathepsin L-like proteinase from the sugarcane weevil Sphenophorus levis

Sugarcane is an important crop that has recently become subject to attacks from the weevil Sphenophorus levis, which is not efficiently controlled with chemical insecticides. This demands the development of new control devices for which digestive physiology data are needed. in the present study, ion-exchange chromatography of S. levis whole midgut homogenates, together with enzyme assays with natural and synthetic substrates and specific inhibitors, demonstrated that a cysteine proteinase is a major proteinase, trypsin is a minor one and chymotrypsin is probably negligible. Amylase, maltase and the cysteine proteinase occur in the gut contents and decrease throughout the midgut; trypsin is constant in the entire midgut, whereas a membrane-bound aminopeptidase predominates in the posterior midgut. the cysteine proteinase was purified to homogeneity through ion-exchange chromatography. the purified enzyme had a mass of 37 kDa and was able to hydrolyze Z-Phe-Arg-MCA and Z-Leu-Arg-MCA with k(cat)/K(m) values of 20.0 +/- 1.1 mu M(-1) s(-1) and 30.0 +/- 0.5 mu M(-1) s(-1), respectively, but not Z-Arg-Arg-MCA. the combined results suggest that protein digestion starts in the anterior midgut under the action of a cathepsin L-like proteinase and ends on the surface of posterior midgut cells. All starch digestion takes place in anterior midgut. These data will be instrumental to developing S. levis-resistant sugarcane. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Univ São Paulo, Inst Chem, Dept Biochem, BR-05513970 São Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Genet & Evolut, Mol Biol Lab, BR-13565905 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Biophys, BR-04044020 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Biophys, BR-04044020 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Recombinant expression and characterization of a cysteine peptidase from Xanthomonas citri subsp citri

Xanthomonas citri subsp citri (Xac) is the bacterium responsible for citrus canker disease in citrus plants. the aim of this study was to describe the recombinant expression, purification, and characterization of a cysteine peptidase from Xac strain 306, which is a candidate for involvement in the pathogenicity of this bacterium. the gene was cloned and expressed in Pichia pastoris, and the cysteine peptidase was successfully expressed, secreted, and purified using affinity chromatography with a yield of approximately 10 mg/L. A polyclonal antibody produced against cysteine peptidase from X. citri subsp citri fused with HIS tag ((HIS)CPXAC) recognized the purified recombinant cysteine peptidase (HIS)CPXAC, confirming the correct production of this protein in P. pastoris. the same antibody detected the protein in the culture supernatant of Xac grown in pathogenicity-inducing medium. Kinetic analysis revealed that (HIS)CPXAC hydrolyzed the carbobenzoxy-Leu-Arg-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin substrate with a catalytic efficiency (k(cat)/K-m) of 47 mu M-1.s(-1). the purified (HIS)CPXAC displayed maximal catalytic activity at pH 5.5 and 30 degrees C. the recombinant enzyme was inhibited by the specific cysteine peptidase inhibitor E-64, as well as by the recombinant cysteine peptidase inhibitors CaneCPI-1, CaneCPI-2, CaneCPI-3, and CaneCPI-4, with K-i values of 1.214, 84.64, 0.09, 0.09, and 0.012 nM, respectively. Finally, the N-terminal sequencing of the purified protein enabled the identification of the first 5 amino acid residues (AVHGM) immediately after the putative signal peptide, thereby enabling the identification of the cleavage point and corroborating previous studies that have identified this sequence in a secreted protein from Xanthomonas spp.Fundo de Defesa da CitriculturaFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Mol Biol Lab, Dept Genet & Evolucao, BR-13560 Sao Carlos, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Carlos, Lab Bioquim & Biol Mol Microrganismos, Dept Genet & Evolucao, BR-13560 Sao Carlos, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Biofis, São Paulo, BrazilFundo Def Citricultura, Araraquara, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Biofis, São Paulo, BrazilFAPESP: 98/14138-2FAPESP: 05/59833-5Web of Scienc

Physiological, nutritional, and molecular responses of Brazilian sugarcane cultivars under stress by aluminum

Background Sugarcane is a crop of global importance and has been expanding to areas with soils containing high levels of exchangeable aluminum (Al), which is a limiting factor for crop development in acidic soils. The study of the sugarcane physiological and nutritional behavior together with patterns of gene expression in response to Al stress may provide a basis for effective strategies to increase crop productivity in acidic soils. Methods Sugarcane cultivars were evaluated for physiological parameters (photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration), nutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S) and Al contents in leaves and roots and gene expression, of the genes MDH, SDH by qPCR, both related to the production of organic acids, and SOD, related to oxidative stress. Results Brazilian sugarcane RB867515, RB928064, and RB935744 cultivars exhibited very different responses to induced stress by Al. Exposure to Al caused up-regulation (SOD and MDH) or down-regulation (SDH, MDH, and SOD), depending on the cultivar, Al level, and plant tissue. The RB867515 cultivar was the most Al-tolerant, showing no decline of nutrient content in plant tissue, photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance after exposure to Al; it exhibited the highest Al content in the roots, and showed important MDH and SOD gene expression in the roots. RB928064 only showed low expression of SOD in roots and leaves, while RB935744 showed important expression of the SOD gene only in the leaves. Sugarcane cultivars were classified in the following descending Al-tolerance order: RB867515 > RB928064 = RB935744. These results may contribute to the obtention of Al-tolerant cultivars that can play their genetic potential in soils of low fertility and with low demand for agricultural inputs; the selection of potential plants for breeding programs; the elucidation of Al detoxification mechanisms employed by sugarcane cultivars

Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum and Leishmania amazonensis antibodies in domestic dogs in the western Brazilian Amazon region

Amostras de sangue de 99 cães domiciliados foram coletadas no meio urbano (n = 33) e rural (n = 66) do município de Lábrea, estado do Amazonas, Brasil. Dentre as amostras rurais, 40 foram obtidas em comunidades ribeirinhas e 26 em comunidades indígenas, ambas ao longo do rio Purus. Durante a amostragem foi aplicado um questionário com informações sobre sexo, idade, viver em áreas secas ou alagadiças, acesso ou não às ruas (cães urbanos) e acesso à floresta. A presença de anticorpos contra Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Leishmania infantum chagasi e Leishmania amazonensis foi detectada pela reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI) com ponto de corte de, respectivamente, 16, 50, 40 e 40. Associação entre as variáveis qualitativas e a positividade para cada um dos parasitos foi avaliada pelo teste do χ2 (p < 0,05). A ocorrência de animais com anticorpos contra T. gondii, N. caninum e L. amazonensis foi de, respectivamente, 61,6%; 7,1% e 8,1%. Nenhuma amostra foi positiva para L. infantum chagasi. A variável viver em área urbana (p=0,041) apresentou associação com ocorrência de T. gondii e o número de cães positivos a T. gondii aumentou com a idade (p = 0,0006). A variável sexo (machos) apresentou associação com N. caninum (p = 0,018) e nenhuma variável apresentou associação com L. amazonensis. Os títulos de anticorpos contra T. gondii variaram de 64 a 32.768; contra N. caninum de 100 a 800 e contra L. amazonensis de 40 a 640. T. gondii e L. amazonensis são dois agentes de importantes zoonoses e encontram-se ativos na região. O município estudado, especialmente as comunidades ribeirinhas, possuem peculiaridades geográficas, sociais e ecológicas distintas e necessitam maior atenção das autoridades para o controle desses agentes.Blood samples from 99 domestic dogs were collected in the urban area (n = 33) and rural area (n = 66) of the municipality of Lábrea, state of Amazonas, Brazil. Among the rural samples, 40 were collected in riverine communities and 26 were collected in Indian communities, both along the Purus River. During the sampling, a questionnaire was applied to obtain information relating to sex, age, living in dryland or seasonally flooded areas, access to the streets (for urban dogs) and access to forests. The presence of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Leishmania infantum chagasi and Leishmania amazonensis was detected by means of the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) with cutoffs of 16, 50, 40 and 40, respectively. The association of each qualitative variable, with each parasite and positivity for each of them, were evaluated using the χ2 test (p < 0.05). T. gondii, N. caninum and L. amazonensis antibodies were found, respectively, in 61.6%, 7.1% and 8.1% of the animals examined. None of the samples were positive for L. infantum chagasi. The variable of living in an urban area (p = 0.041) presented an association with occurrence of T. gondii and the positivity for T. gondii increased with age of the dogs (p = 0.0006). The variable of male sex presented an association with N. caninum (p = 0.018) and no variable presented any association with L. amazonensis. The antibody titers against T. gondii ranged from 64 to 32,768; against N. caninum from 100 to 800; and against L. amazonensis from 40 to 640. Both T. gondii and L. amazonensis are important zoonotic agents and are active in this region. The municipality studied, and especially its riverine communities, has geographic, social and ecological peculiarities. This region requires greater attention from the authorities for controlling these agents

Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum and Leishmania amazonensis antibodies in domestic dogs in the western Brazilian Amazon region

Amostras de sangue de 99 cães domiciliados foram coletadas no meio urbano (n = 33) e rural (n = 66) do município de Lábrea, estado do Amazonas, Brasil. Dentre as amostras rurais, 40 foram obtidas em comunidades ribeirinhas e 26 em comunidades indígenas, ambas ao longo do rio Purus. Durante a amostragem foi aplicado um questionário com informações sobre sexo, idade, viver em áreas secas ou alagadiças, acesso ou não às ruas (cães urbanos) e acesso à floresta. A presença de anticorpos contra Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Leishmania infantum chagasi e Leishmania amazonensis foi detectada pela reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI) com ponto de corte de, respectivamente, 16, 50, 40 e 40. Associação entre as variáveis qualitativas e a positividade para cada um dos parasitos foi avaliada pelo teste do χ2 (p < 0,05). A ocorrência de animais com anticorpos contra T. gondii, N. caninum e L. amazonensis foi de, respectivamente, 61,6%; 7,1% e 8,1%. Nenhuma amostra foi positiva para L. infantum chagasi. A variável viver em área urbana (p=0,041) apresentou associação com ocorrência de T. gondii e o número de cães positivos a T. gondii aumentou com a idade (p = 0,0006). A variável sexo (machos) apresentou associação com N. caninum (p = 0,018) e nenhuma variável apresentou associação com L. amazonensis. Os títulos de anticorpos contra T. gondii variaram de 64 a 32.768; contra N. caninum de 100 a 800 e contra L. amazonensis de 40 a 640. T. gondii e L. amazonensis são dois agentes de importantes zoonoses e encontram-se ativos na região. O município estudado, especialmente as comunidades ribeirinhas, possuem peculiaridades geográficas, sociais e ecológicas distintas e necessitam maior atenção das autoridades para o controle desses agentes.Blood samples from 99 domestic dogs were collected in the urban area (n = 33) and rural area (n = 66) of the municipality of Lábrea, state of Amazonas, Brazil. Among the rural samples, 40 were collected in riverine communities and 26 were collected in Indian communities, both along the Purus River. During the sampling, a questionnaire was applied to obtain information relating to sex, age, living in dryland or seasonally flooded areas, access to the streets (for urban dogs) and access to forests. The presence of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Leishmania infantum chagasi and Leishmania amazonensis was detected by means of the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) with cutoffs of 16, 50, 40 and 40, respectively. The association of each qualitative variable, with each parasite and positivity for each of them, were evaluated using the χ2 test (p < 0.05). T. gondii, N. caninum and L. amazonensis antibodies were found, respectively, in 61.6%, 7.1% and 8.1% of the animals examined. None of the samples were positive for L. infantum chagasi. The variable of living in an urban area (p = 0.041) presented an association with occurrence of T. gondii and the positivity for T. gondii increased with age of the dogs (p = 0.0006). The variable of male sex presented an association with N. caninum (p = 0.018) and no variable presented any association with L. amazonensis. The antibody titers against T. gondii ranged from 64 to 32,768; against N. caninum from 100 to 800; and against L. amazonensis from 40 to 640. Both T. gondii and L. amazonensis are important zoonotic agents and are active in this region. The municipality studied, and especially its riverine communities, has geographic, social and ecological peculiarities. This region requires greater attention from the authorities for controlling these agents